Kev Sib Xyaw Ntawm Gypsum: Cov Khoom Siv Plaster Thiab Cov Cement Hloov Pauv, Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Rotband Sib Xyaw, Cov Plaster Qhuav Rau Qib Phab Ntsa, Yuav Ua Li Cas Npaj Daws N

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Tsis hais txog kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua tiav sab hauv tsev, lawv txhua tus hais txog kev thov rau phab ntsa du. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los daws qhov tsis zoo yog siv cov plaster gypsum. Nws yog hais txog nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, cov subtleties ntawm kev xaiv thiab daim ntawv thov uas yuav tham txog hauv kab lus no.

Peculiarities

Kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum yog qhov sib xyaw qhuav rau dilution nrog dej. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw yog calcium sulfate hydrate, hu ua stucco. Nws tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem tua cov pob zeb gypsum thiab nws cov kev sib tsoo tom ntej mus rau lub xeev ntawm cov nplais zoo (hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws - los ntawm kev zom zeb marble, muaj pes tsawg leeg rau kev tsim cov pob zeb dag tau txais).

Tsis muaj shrinkage lav ib tus du, zoo nto tsis muaj kab nrib pleb , thiab tus nqi nplaum siab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tseg kev siv cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa. Tej zaum nws yuav xav tau tsuas yog hauv cov tsev tsim tshiab, cov qauv uas ua rau qis dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tuab ntawm cov txheej txheej gypsum tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev - txog li 5 cm.

Tab sis txawm tias muaj cov txheej tuab tuab, qhov hnyav ntawm txheej txheej yog me me, yog li nws tsis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa, thiab yog li ntawd tsis xav tau kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus.

Plaster-tiav phab ntsa khaws cov cua sov thiab suab zoo dua li phab ntsa ua vaj tse.

Thaum kawg, qhov saum npoo los kho yog qhov ua kom zoo nkauj, txawm tias, yam tsis suav nrog cov pob zeb me me.

Qee tus tham txog tus nqi siab dua ntawm cov khoom siv gypsum-based piv rau cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev-cement. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rho tawm, txij li 1 sq. m tau siv txog li 10 kg ntawm gypsum sib xyaw thiab txog 16 kg - cement -sand. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus nqi siab dua yog txo los ntawm qhov qis tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab, raws li, kev siv nyiaj ntau dua.

Qhov tsis pom kev tsis zoo hauv qee kis tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev teeb tsa nrawm dua ntawm gypsum . Qhov tseeb no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ua haujlwm - tam sim txhuam cov plaster uas tau thov, tsis txhob zom nws hauv qhov ntau dhau.

Ntim

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog cov khoom xws li:

• perlite, iav ua npuas ncauj, vermiculite - txo qhov hloov pauv cua sov ntawm cov khoom, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws qhov hnyav;
• txiv qaub, whitewash lossis ntsev hlau, txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau ua kom cov xim dawb sib xyaw;
• cov tshuaj ntxiv nrog kev pab uas ua kom nrawm ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab ua kom qhuav ntawm txheej txheej;
• lub zog ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.

Cov khoom yog ntuj tsim, uas txhais tau tias nws yog ib puag ncig zoo. Ib qho ntxiv, txheej txheej gypsum yog hygroscopic, uas yog, nws khaws thiab tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm chav, uas ua rau muaj kev pom zoo microclimate.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tau tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 31377-2008 , raws li qhov sib zog ntawm cov khoom siv yog 2.5 Pa (hauv daim ntawv qhuav). Nws muaj vapor permeability siab thiab thermal conductivity, tsis ntsws.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom yog los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, vim nws cov yas siab, cov khoom siv tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev thov yooj yim. Cov txheej txheem no yooj yim dua li cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws thaum siv lwm hom plaster.

Saib

Muaj cov nram qab no hom kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum:

• plaster - tsim rau kev ntxhib leveling ntawm phab ntsa, ntxhib -grained;
• putty - lub teeb nrig rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv - rau kev ua tiav phab ntsa qib;
• sib dhos (qhuav) sib xyaw - siv thaum txhim kho sab hauv ua los ntawm cov laug cam, txhim kho gypsum plasterboards thiab slabs;
• gypsum polymer - kev sib dhos ua kom khov -tiv taus nrog cov yam ntxwv muaj zog ntxiv vim muaj cov polymers nyob hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg;
• trowel sib tov "perel" - muaj pes tsawg leeg rau txhaws pob qij txha thiab voids;
• nws tus kheej-qib sib xyaw rau hauv pem teb-cement-gypsum sib xyaw rau hauv pem teb, nws qib.

Txhawm rau kom yooj yim ntawm kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab siv, qhov sib xyaw qhuav tau ntim rau hauv cov hnab ntawv muaj zog nrog txheej polyethylene sab hauv - lub npe hu ua hnab kraft. Lawv qhov hnyav yuav txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom. Hnab ntawm 15 thiab 30 kg yog suav tias yog thoob ntiaj teb, feem ntau lawv tau yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov "nruab nrab" xaiv - hnab ntawm 5, 20 thiab 25 kg.

Lub txee lub neej ntawm qhov sib xyaw hauv lub hnab ntim tsis tau yog 6 lub hlis . Tom qab ntawd, txawm tias thaum tswj hwm qhov nruj ntawm pob, cov ntawv sib xyaw ntawm gypsum nqus dej thiab poob nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Khaws cov khoom hauv qhov chaw qhuav yam tsis ua kom puas lub ntim ntim khoom qub.

Tuam

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov sib xyaw, yuav tsum tau tov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw. Kev siv nws tso cai rau koj kom tau txais homogeneous sai, tsis muaj pob khoom sib xyaw ntawm qhov xav tau sib xws. Kev sib xyaw kom raug ntawm cov tshuaj khib yog ib qho ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev thov cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhov zoo ntawm txheej.

Yuav tsum tau siv lub spatula los daws qhov teeb meem, thiab yuav tsum muaj cov hlau lossis yas ntab rau cov hniav thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag ci . Yog tias cov ntawv ntsa me me yuav tsum tau muab lo rau saum cov plastered, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum hla nws nrog lub lauj tshib. Nws muaj hlau lossis roj hmab puag.

Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv ci los yog cov plooj plooj, cov menyuam roj hmab kuj tseem siv, ntawm qhov chaw uas siv tus qauv. Cov cuab yeej ntawm tes - khaub ncaws, ntaub ntawv tawg, ntaub, txhuam, thiab lwm yam - kuj tseem tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov kev ntxhib los mos.

Xaiv thiab thov

Qhov sib tov yog npaj rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Feem ntau hom kev npog yog phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab qhov sib txawv hauv qhov siab.

Qhov sib tov yog npaj rau siv hauv chav nrog cov av noo ib txwm, nws tsis siv rau sab nrauv sab nrauv ntawm lub ntsej muag . Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv, qhov sib xyaw yog haum rau daim ntawv thov hauv chav dej thiab hauv chav ua noj. Rau chav ntub ntau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov txheej txheej hydrophobic.

Feem ntau, cov khoom siv yog ntau yam, raws li nws haum zoo rau ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• MAAs plaster, pob zeb ua phab ntsa (txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau kho ua ntej nrog kev sib txuas ua ke);
• av nplaum phab ntsa;
• cib ua haujlwm;
• ntawm cellular qhob blocks (ua npuas ncauj thiab aerated qhob), nthuav av nplaum ua vaj tse;
• qub gypsum plaster, raug rau qhov xav tau rau nws lub zog siab.

Gypsum mortar tuaj yeem siv los ntawm tshuab lossis siv tes. Thaum qib phab ntsa hauv chav tsev, lawv feem ntau siv rau daim ntawv thov.

Cov txheej tuab yog 3-5 cm, txheej tom ntej tuaj yeem siv tau tsuas yog tom qab yav tas los tau qhuav lawm . Kev sib dhos ntawm txheej txheej tau ua tiav raws li lub beacons, uas yog, cov tuab ntawm gypsum txheej yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm beacons. Grouting tso cai rau ua kom du nto thiab zais kev hloov pauv ntawm txheej.

Tom qab ziab, cov plastered nto raug rau daim ntawv thov primer, uas yuav ntxiv dag zog rau txheej thiab tshem tawm nws los. Yog tias cov phab ntsa uas tau pleev xim rau lossis pleev xim rau phab ntsa, lawv yuav tsum tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm putty. Thaum lub ziab ntawm txheej, cov ntawv sau hauv chav, raug rau lub hnub ci ncaj qha tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.

Yuav ua li cas koj tus kheej?

Yog tias tsim nyog, kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum tuaj yeem npaj nrog koj txhais tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li daim ntawv qhia yooj yim heev. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog stucco thiab dej. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj siv lawv nkaus xwb, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav khov sai, ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Kev qhia txog cov yas yas tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom ua kom qeeb . Qhov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog txiv qaub, PVA kua nplaum diluted hauv ib nrab nrog dej, citric lossis tartaric acids lossis kua tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Ntxiv rau qhov nce lub sijhawm teem ntawm pawg, lawv siv zam kev tawg ntawm cov plastered nto.

Muaj ntau cov zaub mov txawv rau kev npaj sib xyaw ntawm gypsum, thaum nyob hauv txhua qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb zoo ib yam. Feem ntau, 1 liv dej tau siv rau 1.5 kg ntawm gypsum (gypsum-lime hmoov), tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov yas yas (5-10% ntawm tag nrho).

Nws yog qhov ua tau los ua cov dej tsis muaj dej, lossis tsis yog, muab nws cov yam ntxwv tiv taus ya raws los ntawm kev siv qhov tob tob nkag mus rau acrylic primer saum nws. Yog tias cov plaster tau siv hauv qab cov nplais, tom qab ntawd nws cov dej tsis kam tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau nrog kev pab ntawm kev sib tham.

Cov chaw tsim khoom thiab tshuaj xyuas

Knauf "Rotband", "Prospectors", "Volma Lay" sib tov tau nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev. Feem ntau, cov qauv tsim muaj qhov zoo sib xws thiab ua tau zoo, tsuas yog qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv chav nrog cov av noo siab.

Knauf universal sib tov tau yeej qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam German nrog ntau dua ib nrab xyoo ntawm keeb kwm. Cov khoom Rotband tau muab rau hauv 5, 10, 25 thiab 30 kg hnab thiab yog cov khoom sib tov qhuav.

Lwm qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no ("HP Pib", "Goldband"), raws li cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas, yog qhov ntom ntom, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nrog lawv nyuaj dua.

Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam yog vim nws muaj ntau yam: nws haum rau pob zeb ua ke, nthuav dav polystyrene, cib nto. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem siv hauv chav ua noj thiab chav dej. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai txheej tuab rau qab nthab yog 1.5 cm, rau phab ntsa thiab lwm yam txheej - 5 cm; Yam tsawg kawg - txog, 5 cm. Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov nruab nrab, tsis loj heev - txog 8.5 kg / m2, muab tias nws tau thov hauv 1 txheej (2 zaug tsawg dua thaum siv cov xuab zeb sib xyaw).

Cov xim ntawm qhov sib xyaw tuaj yeem yog daus-dawb lossis txho, pinkish . Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov khoom tsis cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv ib txoj kev twg. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm txhim kho kev nplaum. Vim qhov no, qhov sib xyaw ua kom pom tau zoo txawm tias ntawm lub qab nthab nrog txheej tuab txog li 1.5 cm.

Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg pab khaws cov dej noo hauv txheej, yog li thaum txheej txheem ziab, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov kub siab, cov khoom tsis tawg.

Thaum yuav cov khoom sib xyaw, nco ntsoov tias lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tsis pub dhau 6 lub hlis. Vim nws siab hygroscopicity, nws nqus dej noo los ntawm ib puag ncig. Tom qab rau lub hlis ntawm kev khaws cia, cov khoom ntim nrog cov dej noo poob nws cov cuab yeej siv, tawg, uas ua rau kev teeb tsa nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub hnab ntim tau hermetically kaw.

Cov piv txwv zoo thiab cov kev xaiv

Kev ua tiav cov plaster hauv lub cev tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog xim tha xim sab hauv. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis tiaj. Hauv qhov no, qhov nyem yog siv dua ntub ntub dej. Nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, tus kais lossis lwm yam kev ntxhib los mos tau txais.

Yog tias koj siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab tinting tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov nplaim uas ua raws li cov khoom siv ntuj - ntoo, pob zeb, pob zeb ua haujlwm.

Cov plastered thiab pleev xim rau sab zoo li nthuav, nco txog cov ntaub - velvet, tawv, txhob lo lo ntxhuav.

Plaster sib tov yog dav siv hauv kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua. Piv txwv li, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov kaus poom thiab fwj tso cai rau koj tig lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom siv zoo nkauj sab hauv.