Cov Xuab Zeb-pob Zeb Sib Xyaw (27 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi, Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Kev Sib Xyaw Ntuj Thiab Nws Qhov Hnyav, Qhov Hnyav Ntawm 1 M3 Thiab Kev Sib Xyaw

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Kev sib xyaw xuab zeb thiab pob zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tsis muaj kuab paug feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tsev. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab qhov loj ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau muab rho tawm los, yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, qhov twg nws haum dua rau siv.

Cov xuab zeb-pob zeb sib xyaw yog siv hauv kev tsim kho txhawm rau txhaws hauv txheej txheej ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem , piv txwv li, asphalt lossis lwm txoj hauv kev, thiab rau kev tsim ntau yam tshuaj khib, piv txwv li, ua vaj tse nrog dej ntxiv.

Peculiarities

Cov khoom siv no yog cov khoom muaj ntau yam, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem siv hauv ntau hom haujlwm. Txij li nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim (xuab zeb thiab pob zeb), qhov no qhia tau tias cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw yog cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li, ASG tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev - lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom tsis tuaj.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog kom khaws cov khoom sib tov nyob hauv qhov chaw qhuav.

Yog tias cov dej noo tseem nkag mus rau hauv ASG, tom qab ntawd thaum siv nws, cov dej me me tau ntxiv (piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov qhob lossis cov cement), thiab thaum cov xuab zeb-pob zeb sib tov xav tau tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv qhuav, tom qab ntawd ua ntej nws yuav tsum tau ziab kom qhuav.

Cov xuab zeb zoo thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw, vim muaj cov pob zeb hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, yuav tsum muaj qhov ua tau zoo tiv taus qhov kub thiab tsis poob nws lub zog. Lwm qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm cov khoom siv no yog qhov seem ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem pov tseg tau, tab sis tom qab tuaj yeem siv rau nws lub hom phiaj (piv txwv li, thaum tso txoj kev mus rau lub tsev lossis hauv kev tsim cov qhob).

Ntuj xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws tus nqi qis , thaum lub ASG muaj txiaj ntsig muaj tus nqi siab, tab sis qhov no yog qhov ua tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab zoo ntawm cov tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo ib puag ncig.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Thaum yuav cov av xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov hauv qab no kev qhia:

• muaj pes tsawg leeg;
• ntim ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb;
• loj me me;
• cov ntsiab lus tsis huv;
• ceev;
• yam ntxwv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw xuab zeb thiab pob zeb yuav tsum ua raws li lub xeev cov qauv lees paub. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav hais txog cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw tuaj yeem pom hauv GOST 23735-79, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj hwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb, piv txwv li, GOST 8736-93 thiab GOST 8267-93.

Yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov xuab zeb feem hauv ASG yog 0.16 hli, thiab pob zeb - 5 hli . Tus nqi siab tshaj plaws rau cov xuab zeb raws li tus qauv yog 5 hli, thiab rau pob zeb qhov nqi no yog 70 hli. Nws tseem tuaj yeem xaj kom sib xyaw nrog cov pob zeb loj ntawm 150 hli, tab sis tsis ntau dua li tus nqi no.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov nplej hauv cov xuab zeb ntuj thiab cov sib tov sib xyaw yog kwv yees li 10-20% - qhov no yog tus nqi nruab nrab. Qhov nyiaj ntau tshaj mus txog 90%, thiab qhov tsawg kawg yog 10%. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tsis huv (hais txog cov av av, algae thiab lwm yam khoom) hauv ASG ntuj yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5%, thiab hauv ib qho ntxiv - tsis pub ntau tshaj 3%.

Hauv ASG ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb yog qhov nruab nrab 65%, cov av nplaum cov ntsiab lus tsawg - 0.5%.

Raws li qhov feem pua ntawm cov pob zeb hauv cov ASG ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv tau muab cais ua cov hauv qab no:

• 15-25%;
• 35-50%;
• 50-65%;
• 65-75%.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tseem yog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog thiab tiv taus te. Qhov nruab nrab, ASG yuav tsum tiv taus 300-400 khov-thaw mus. Tsis tas li, cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem plam ntau dua 10% ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv cuam tshuam los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Pob zeb tau muab cais ua pawg muaj zog:

• M400;
• M600;
• M800;
• M1000.

Pob zeb ntawm M400 pawg yog tus yam ntxwv tsis muaj zog, thiab M1000 - lub zog siab. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog muaj nyob hauv pob zeb ntawm pawg M600 thiab M800. Tsis tas li, tus nqi ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog hauv pob zeb ntawm qeb M1000 yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5%, thiab hauv lwm qhov - tsis pub ntau tshaj 10%.

Qhov ntom ntom ntawm ASG tau txiav txim siab txhawm rau txhawm rau paub seb cov khoom siv twg muaj nyob hauv cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov ntau dua, thiab txiav txim siab qhov kev siv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm 1 m3 yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 1.65 tons.

Qhov ntau dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb hauv cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua ke, qib siab dua ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog.

Tsis yog tsuas yog qhov me me ntawm cov xuab zeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj nws cov yam ntxwv ntxhia, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm coarseness.

Qhov nruab nrab compaction coefficient ntawm ASG yog 1, 2. Qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cog cov khoom.

Aeff coefficient ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws sawv rau qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm ntawm ntuj radionuclides thiab muaj rau ASG ntxiv. Qhov coefficient txhais tau tias tus nqi hluav taws xob.

Cov xuab zeb thiab cov av sib xyaw tau muab faib ua peb chav kawm kev nyab xeeb:

• tsawg dua 370 Bq / kg;
• los ntawm 371 Bq / kg txog 740 Bq / kg;
• los ntawm 741 Bq / kg txog 1500 Bq / kg.

Cov chav kawm nyab xeeb tseem nyob ntawm thaj chaw twg ntawm daim ntawv thov no lossis ASG haum rau. Thawj chav kawm yog siv rau kev tsim kho me me, xws li tsim khoom lossis kho lub tsev. Chav kawm thib ob yog siv hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsheb hauv cov nroog thiab cov zos, nrog rau kev tsim tsev. Chav kawm kev nyab xeeb thib peb tau koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm ntau qhov chaw muaj neeg coob (cov no suav nrog kis las thiab chaw ua si) thiab txoj kev loj.

Cov xuab zeb thiab cov av sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov ua tau tsis raug rau deformation.

Saib

Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw:

• ntuj (PGS);
• kev txhawb zog (OPGS).

Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke cov xuab zeb -pob zeb tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov - nws tau txais tom qab ua cov khoom cuav thiab ntxiv cov pob zeb loj.

Cov av xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw yog khawb hauv qhov chaw txua txiag zeb lossis hauv qab ntawm cov dej thiab dej hiav txwv. Raws li qhov chaw keeb kwm, nws tau muab faib ua peb hom:

• toj roob hauv pes;
• pas dej-dej;
• hiav txwv.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hom kev sib xyaw no tsis yog tsuas yog nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev rho tawm, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev thov ntxiv, qhov ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus volumetric ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, lawv qhov loj thiab txawm tias zoo li cas.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb ntuj thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw:

• cov duab ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke - cov roob -hav sib xyaw muaj cov ces kaum tshaj plaws, thiab lawv tsis nyob hauv hiav txwv ASG (du sib npaug nto);
• kev sib xyaw - qhov tsawg kawg ntawm cov av nplaum, plua plav thiab lwm yam kev ua qias neeg muaj nyob hauv hiav txwv sib xyaw, thiab hauv toj roob hauv pes lawv muaj yeej ntau.

Lub pas dej-dej xuab zeb-pob zeb sib xyaw yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv nruab nrab ntawm hiav txwv thiab roob-hav ASG. Nws kuj muaj cov av xuab zeb lossis hmoov av, tab sis hauv qhov me me, thiab nws cov ces kaum muaj cov duab sib npaug me ntsis.

Hauv OPGS, cov pob zeb lossis cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab pob zeb tsoo pob zeb tuaj yeem ntxiv tau ntxiv. Zeb zom zaws yog tib lub pob zeb, tab sis hauv daim ntawv ua tiav. Cov khoom siv no tau los ntawm kev tsoo ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov khoom qub thiab muaj cov ces kaum ntse thiab ntxhib.

Cov pob zeb tawg tau ua rau kom cov nplaum ntawm cov tsev sib txuas thiab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho asphalt qhob.

Cov pob zeb sib tsoo (cov xuab zeb -cov pob zeb sib xyaw sib xyaw - PShchS) tau muab faib raws li feem ntawm cov khoom me me rau hauv cov hauv qab no:

• C12 - txog li 10 hli;
• C2 - txog li 20 hli;
• C4 thiab C5 - txog li 80 hli;
• C6 - txog li 40 hli.

Cov txheej txheem zom zaws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo li pob zeb tsim. Feem ntau, cov xuab zeb-pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke nrog ib feem ntawm 80 hli (C4 thiab C5) tau siv hauv kev tsim kho, vim hom no muab lub zog zoo thiab ruaj khov.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Feem ntau hom kev tsim kho uas siv cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw yog:

• txoj kev;
• vaj tse;
• muaj.

Cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho rau qhov rov qab ua cov qhov av thiab cov av , qib theem saum npoo av, tsim txoj hauv kev thiab tso txheej txheej tso dej, tsim cov pob zeb lossis cov cement, thaum tso kev sib txuas lus, pov tseg cov hauv paus rau ntau qhov chaw. Kuj siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev tsim kho av. Cov khoom siv ntuj tsim pheej yig no kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg thiab ntau lub tsev hauv tsev (txog tsib plag tsev), tso lub hauv paus.

Cov xuab zeb-pob zeb sib xyaw ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev saum npoo av kom ntseeg tau qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev siv tshuab kev nyuab siab thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dej.

Hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb (lossis ntxiv pob zeb ua ke), txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsim cov chaw khoob hauv cov qauv, nws yog ASG ntxiv uas tau siv. Nws cov feem ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ua kom tiav cov voids thiab yog li txiav txim siab kev ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv. Cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke tso cai tsim cov qhob ntawm ntau qib.

Feem ntau hom xuab zeb thiab pob zeb sib xyaw yog ASG nrog cov ntsiab lus pob zeb ntawm 70% . Cov khoom sib xyaw no ruaj khov thiab ntseeg tau; nws tau siv hauv txhua hom kev tsim kho. Ntuj ASG tau siv ntau zaus tsawg dua, txij li, vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov khoom tsis huv, nws lub zog muaj zog yog qhov tsis suav nrog, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau thim rov qab los yog lub qhov vim nws lub peev xwm nqus dej noo.

Feem ntau, ntuj ASG yog siv rau kev npaj nkag mus rau hauv chav nres tsheb, cov kav dej thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus, tsim kom muaj txheej txheej dej ntws, taug kev hauv vaj thiab npaj vaj hauv tsev. Lub tsheb ciav hlau muaj kev koom tes nrog kev tsim kho cov tsheb loj thiab cov tsev.