Cov Ntaub Ntawv Vov Tsev (41 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Vov Tsev Hauv Cov Yob Thiab Cov Npe. Tso Cov Khoom Siv Nrog Cov Chips Thiab Lwm Hom, Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Cov Khoom

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Coob leej neeg tsis tuaj yeem hais meej thiab ua tiav qhov nws yog - cov khoom vov tsev. Hauv qhov no, lawv yuav tuaj yeem kawm txhua yam lawv xav paub txog cov khoom siv vov tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv uas tau thov. Muaj ntau hom khoom vov tsev hauv yob, thiab nws cov npe sib txawv.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tag nrho, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tso nrog cov chips thiab nws lwm hom.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Lub npe nws tus kheej muab kev nkag siab luv luv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau daws nrog. Lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm lo lus no yog "rubbery". Qhov no yog qhov cuam tshuam uas ua ke ntawm Greek thiab Latin keeb kwm muab . Teem caij cov khoom vov tsev - dov lub ru tsev thiab cov dej tsis zoo ib yam . Lub npe hu ua vov tsev ntawv yog coj los ua lub hauv paus. Txhua lub yob yog ua los ntawm impregnation nrog qhov qis melting point roj av bitumen. Cov txheej txheem, txawm li cas los xij, tsis xaus rau qhov ntawd.

Ntxiv mus, cov khoom tiav ib nrab yog txheej ntawm ob sab nrog bitumen nrog kev ua kom rov zoo dua qub. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom suav nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws:

• talcum hmoov;
• asbestos;
• xuab zeb thiab lwm yam tshuaj xoob.

Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas "ib yam dab tsi tas li ntws los ntawm cov yob," uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau tib neeg. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws, txij li qhov tsis muaj qhov hnav khaub ncaws ua rau cov txheej ntawm txheej. Yuav luag txhua tus paub tias cov khoom vov tsev zoo li cas rau lub ru tsev. Nws cov khoom raug xa tawm ntawm qhov loj. Tab sis tsawg thiab tsawg zaus feem ntau muaj qhov xwm txheej thaum lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev loj yuav ua los ntawm lub ru tsev xav suav - tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv no muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Cov khoom vov tsev yog qhov pheej yig thiab yooj yim rau nruab . Nws tsis tsim lub nra hnyav rau ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab thaum npog npog qhov zoo ib yam los yog chav dej, koj tsis tas yuav ua qhov kev suav tshwj xeeb. Ruberoid ru tsev yog qhov ruaj khov dua lub ru tsev, thiab tuaj yeem tsim nrog txhua txoj kab nqes thiab cov duab.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv zoo li taws tau yooj yim. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm lub zog siab. Nws feem ntau pom tias cua "shaggy" nws muaj teeb meem ntawm ob peb xyoos, te daus ua rau nws tawg, thiab cua sov ua kom sov.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Nrog rau kev siv txuj ci, kev xav tias lub ru tsev yuav txhim khu kev qha. Tab sis txhawm rau tsim thiab tsim nws kom raug, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb .… Qee zaum cov khoom siv vov tsev tau tsim nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas txo qis kom txias. Cov khoom zoo li no feem ntau siv nyob rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb. Muaj nws tau lees tias cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv ya raws yuav khaws cia hauv qhov te kom txog -50 degrees.

Raws li GOST, cov ntaub ntawv khoov ncig lub pas nrig 2-3 cm yuav tsum tsis tawg yog tias huab cua kub tsis tshaj +25 degrees . Deviations los ntawm qhov ntev kuj yog qhov qub. Koj tsis tuaj yeem muag yob, thaj tsam uas sib txawv los ntawm tus nqi tshaj tawm los ntawm ntau dua 0.5 square metres. m. Kev hloov pauv hauv qhov dav tsis tuaj yeem siab dua 0.5 cm. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev, siv tuab (tsawg kawg 0.4-0.5 cm) cov khoom vov tsev.

Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom qhia qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Nws muaj zog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab ntau yam nuances ntawm kev siv. Cov khoom qub ntawm daim ntawv thim rov qab kav ntev tsis tshaj 5 xyoos, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo. Kev txhim kho cov yob feem ntau yog tsim los kom dhau 20-30 xyoo. Tib yam tau hais los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom ntawm PVC-raws daim nyias nyias.

Qhov ntom hauv kg m3 yuav txawv me ntsis. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, tuab ntawm cov yob thiab hom kev txau ua lub luag haujlwm. Cov khoom lag luam ua raws li lub tebchaws tus qauv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm 25 txog 30 kg. Cov lus qhia meej dua tuaj yeem tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom.

Hauv kev siv ua tau zoo, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov them sai sai rau cov pa nkag mus rau qhov sib xyaw thiab cov ntsiab lus yaj, feem ntau yog 80 degrees.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm hom los ntawm hom sprinkling

Muaj feem ntau 2 yam tseem ceeb - pem hauv ntej thiab hauv ob sab phlu (hauv ru tsev) . Kev ntxhib ntxhib yog ua los ntawm tsuas yog 1 ntug. Cov khoom siv no suav tias yog thoob ntiaj teb, nws cov txheej sab saud thiab qis dua tau tso cai. Hauv lwm qhov kev coj ua, lub pob zeb tawg tau siv rau hauv lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej, thiab cov hmoov zoo li txheej tau siv rau qis dua. Qhov kev tsim kho no yog qhov zoo tshaj li txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus.

Nws tau siv ua txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus thiab txheej txheej txheej raws li mica shale. Cov txheej txheej no tuaj yeem thov los ntawm 1 lossis 2 sab. Kev nthuav tawm cov xuab zeb feem ntau yog siv nrog 2 ntug. Cov tshuaj no haum rau ob lub hauv paus ntawm lub ncuav ncuav qab zib thiab rau kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dej. Ib yam khoom twg tuaj yeem siv hauv qab cib rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej. Thaum them nrog cov av nplaum los yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej, zom rau hauv lub xeev pulverized, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom tsuas yog qib qis dua ntawm lub ru tsev.

Npav

Kev txiav txim siab lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev yog yooj yim heev yog tias koj paub tias nws tau kos li cas. Txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim thiab cov laj thawj ntawm no . Txawm li cas los xij, tsab ntawv P nyob ntawm xub ntiag, uas qhia txog hom tsiaj ntawm yam khoom. Lub cim thib ob qhia txog hom kev txau dej. Nws tuaj yeem yog M (cov nplej me me), P (lub xeev muaj plua plav), H (tsim qauv me me), K (nplej loj). Tsab ntawv thib peb hais txog lub hom phiaj rau lub ru tsev (K), lossis rau sab hauv (P). Tom qab ntawd 3 tus lej raug muab rau hauv qhov kev xaiv. Lawv qhia qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov duab los qhia yog ib 1 sq. m. Yog tias cov khoom tau pleev xim rau xim twg, tom qab ntawd nws tau ntxiv nrog lub cim C. Tus lej E hais txog kev ywj pheej siab.

Qee cov tuam txhab tsim khoom xav txog cov khoom siv phom nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 0.35 kg rau 1 sq. m (piv txwv li, RM-350). Tab sis qhov tseeb, tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm 0.5 kg ib 1 square meter muaj cov khoom no. m thiab denser. Xws li cov khoom siv vov tsev yog qhov xav tau dav, xws li:

• RCP-350 (hnav khaub ncaws plua plav, 0.35 kg rau 1 sq. m);
• RKK-350 (qhov sib npaug, cov nplej loj);
• RKK-400 (cov khoom tuab tau npog nrog cov plua plav loj);
• RPP-300 thiab RPP-200 (cov khoom siv rau sab hauv nrog txheej txheej plua plav, uas yog siv rau hauv cov dej tsis ua haujlwm).

Sab saum toj manufacturers

Ib lub tuam txhab loj qhib qhov kev ntsuas ntawm lub ru tsev xav tias cov chaw tsim khoom Technonikol … Nws qhov txiaj ntsig twb tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom mus rau 95 lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws thiab thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Lub tuam txhab no muaj cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb. Hauv nws, nrog rau cov khoom siv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, lawv kuj tsim cov qauv qib siab ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Hauv cov qauv txhim kho, cov tuab ntawm txheej bitumen tau nce ntxiv ntawm ob sab.

Hais txog kev ua tau zoo, cov khoom lag luam sawv tawm ntawm kev nyiam " Yugstroykrovli " … Lub tuam txhab no tau pib nws txoj haujlwm hauv xyoo 2000, tab sis twb tau tswj hwm kom tau txais txoj haujlwm ruaj khov. Tus nqi tsim khoom yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov khoom siv no yuav tsis lo ua ke txawm tias huab cua txias. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xa khoom raug xa mus rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Russia tsis tau ua. Txij li thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1930, Myagaya Ru tuam txhab tau ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias nws muaj keeb kwm khov kho, nws tau tsim nyog siv. Tam sim no lawv tau siv cov kab tsim khoom tsis siv neeg.

Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig thiab muaj cov ntawv pov thawj zoo. Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav tshwm sim hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.

Cov duab los qhia thiab vov tsev xav tias kev tsim khoom kuj tseem xav tau. " Omskrov ". Nws tau xa rov qab rau xyoo 1970s. Tau txais thawj-chav kawm bitumen los ntawm Siberian roj yog qhov ua kom ntseeg tau zoo. Cov khoom lag luam tiv taus huab cua txias thiab hloov pauv tau yooj yim, uas txhawb nqa txawm tias cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm CIS lub tebchaws los yuav lawv. Qhov tseeb, kev xa khoom tsis tau teeb tsa thoob plaws tebchaws Russia.

Muaj lwm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom zoo hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab. Piv txwv li, Ryazan cog KRZ … Nws cov khoom yog pheej yig thiab ntxiv rau qhov zoo. DRZ cov khoom lag luam muab ob sab hauv thiab cov khoom siv ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Hom thib ob yog qhov zoo haum rau txheej txheej ntawm lub ru tsev.

Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv

Yog tias koj xav tau khaws cov ntaub npog uas ruaj khov tiv thaiv, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau muab qhov nyiam ua rau ntau yam xim . Tsuas yog nws yuav tiv thaiv zoo txaus los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Cov khoom siv vov tsev, uas tuaj yeem siv los npog lub ru tsev ua cov txheej txheej tiav, tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm txheej txheej tsis yog ntawm cov ntawv tuab, tab sis kuj yog cov iav fiberglass. Lub hauv paus ntawv los xij tseem niaj hnub siv, tab sis nws yog nws uas tau lees paub tias yog qhov tsis muaj zog.

Hauv cov ntawv niaj hnub no, asbestos lossis ntau yam ntaub ntawv polymeric tuaj yeem siv tau dua. Raws li kev ua tiav ntawm kev npog lub hauv ntej, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom vov tsev nrog:

• tar plhaub;
• sib tov ntawm tar thiab bitumen;
• sib xyaw bitumen-polymer;
• complex polymer tebchaw.

Cov kev daws teeb meem no dhau los ua kom ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov dua li bitumen yooj yim . Tsis hais txog ntawm qhov version, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm GOST. Kev tshuaj xyuas yog ua tiav raws li daim ntawv pov thawj pom zoo; yog tias tus neeg muag khoom lossis tus muag khoom tsis kam muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, tsis muaj ib qho hauv kev koom tes nrog nws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lwm cov ntsiab lus:

• kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov npoo;
• tus kheej ntawm winding;
• zoo nkauj tsos (tsis pom qhov tsis xws luag);
• zoo impregnation;
• qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntim;
• zoo ntawm npav;
• chaw tsim tshuaj paus lub koob npe nrov thiab tshuaj xyuas.

Noj

Txiav txim siab kev siv cov khoom siv hauv 1 txheej tsis nyuaj. Raws li qhov kwv yees kwv yees thawj zaug, nws tuaj yeem muab sib npaug rau thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev los kho. Tab sis kev suav ib txheej tsis muaj qhov nkag siab. Qhov me me nqes hav ntawm lub ru tsev, qhov tuab nws txoj kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog txhawm rau txhawm rau lav qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua dej . Ntawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus, nws qhov nqes hav tsis tshaj 3 degrees, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tso 3 qib RPP-350 thiab 1 qib RKM-350.

Yog tias nws paub tias lawv yuav taug kev saum lub ru tsev, lawv yuav ua tiav 4 txheej txheej. Hauv qhov no, lawv yuav hloov ob qho tib si los ntawm kev txav chaw thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm daus. Ntawm qhov nqes hav 6-degree, koj tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej rau 2 txheej txaj thiab 1 qib ntsej muag. Nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm ntau dua 15 degrees, cov khoom siv vov tsev tsis siv rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv, muaj nws mus raws li cov dej tsis thooj rau cov laug cam lossis cov nplais.

Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov kab txaij ntawm 10 cm, kwv yees li 20-cm cia ze ntawm qhov nqes hav thiab skates thiab hais txog kev sib puag ncig.

Txoj kev teeb tsa

Weldable

Nws yog, tau kawg, ua kom sov nrog lub hlawv thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj txhua yam ua ntej . Txhua qhov av, cov khib nyiab thiab, feem ntau, txhua yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw raug tshem tawm ua ntej. Txhua yam khoom siv tsis raug raug tshem tawm ua ntej. Thiab kuj nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshem tawm ib feem rotting.

Lub qhov hluav taws kub tau txuas rau tus nuv. Qhov hluav taws kub tau thov rau hauv qab ntawm lub yob. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab dov hla saum npoo maj mam - tsis nrawm lossis qeeb dhau. Cov lus pom zoo:

• cov kab hlau lead nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm 10 cm;
• muab thaj tsam docking siab dua kom cov dej tuaj yeem ntws tau;
• ua ntej koom nrog cov canvases raws cov ntug, nws raug nquahu kom sov cov hlua khi thiab tog nws hauv bitumen;
• kev sib khi ntawm cov nqaws hauv cov dav hlau thiab cov dav hlau hla yog nqa los ntawm cov menyuam (qhov no yuav tsum tau ua thaum cov khoom tseem ywj).

Tus kheej-nplaum

Zoo li hauv rooj plaub dhau los, pib nrog kev tshuaj xyuas lub ru tsev . Nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov chaw uas muaj deformed thiab o. Cov hlua txiav raws qhov loj me tau qhib thiab tso cai rau so hauv lawv qhov chaw tsim nyog. Ntxiv mus :

• ua tib zoo cais cov yeeb yaj kiab;
• nias tus qauv mus rau lub hauv paus;
• siv lub trowel lossis daim ntaub uas tsis tsim nyog los txhuam cov kab txaij, tshem tawm cov pa cua;
• muab cov kab txuas tom ntej nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm 10-15 cm, yog li tiv thaiv cov nqaws ntawm dej nkag.

Tej

Kev ua haujlwm pib, rov ua dua, nrog kev ua kom huv thiab qhuav ntawm qhov chaw npaj. Txhua qhov chaw tsis sib xws raug tshem tawm nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Thaum kho dua lub ru tsev qub, tag nrho cov khoom exfoliated yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Ua ntej siv cov khoom vov tsev ntau, tag nrho saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua nrog mastic, yav dhau los diluted nrog cov kuab tshuaj raws li daim ntawv qhia. Kev ua tiav tsuas yog siv rau ntawm qhov chaw qhuav. Txhua txheej tom ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej yuav tsum tau ua kom qhuav ua ntej txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov hlau vov kab xev rau nrawm. Nws yog qhov ntseeg tau thiab siv tau .… Ib daim kab xev zoo li no yog qhov zoo rau kev kho rau saum ntoo. Cov khoom siv hlau (ob qho tib si nrog thiab tsis muaj qhov tawg) yog qhov ruaj khov thiab kav ntev, koj yuav tsis tau them nyiaj ntau rau nws. Cov neeg tsim khoom twb tau ua tiav kev tsim cov kab xev ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom vov tsev tau txuas nrog cov khaub thuas txias. Nws yog pre-melted … Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom raug lub sijhawm thaum cov tshuaj twb tau yaj lawm, tab sis coking tseem tsis tau pib. Ntev ntev dhau, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov bitumen siv tsis tau. Cov molten hnyav yuav tsum tau sib xyaw nrog cov kuab tshuaj kom txog thaum sib xyaw ua ke tag nrho; Cov mastic yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov sov (tsis kub!) Xeev.

Cov khoom vov tsev kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov bitumen-based sealant . Nws raug nquahu kom ua kom huv qhov chaw ua ntej thov nws. Cov ntim me me yuav tsum tau siv rab phom siv. Cov kab nrib pleb thiab voids ntawm qhov tob tob tau raug kaw hauv ob peb theem.

Lub foob uas tau txais rau ntawm qhov chaw txawv teb chaws raug tshem tawm tam sim ntawd nrog daim ntaub ntub hauv qhov hnyav.

Cov cai cia

Cov khoom vov tsev yuav tsum tau txheeb los ntawm hom ua ntej khaws cia. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los muab nws tso rau hauv chav qhuav, kaw . Cov yob feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntsug, nrog qhov siab kawg ntawm 2 kab hauv qhov siab. Lawv tuaj yeem tso tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov pob zeb hauv av, tab sis kuj nyob hauv ntim thiab ntawm pallets. Cov txheej txheem txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom yog 12 lub hlis . Nrog kev lees paub ua raws GOST cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem siv nws tom qab lub sijhawm no.

Cov yam ntxwv pov tseg

Thaum siv cov khoom vov tsev, nws pov tseg yam tsis pom tshwm. Thiab kuj muaj coob leej ntawm lawv tshwm sim thaum rhuav tshem cov tsev qub qub. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau suav nrog cov duab los qhia (13%), 57% ntawm bitumen, thiab cov khoom seem uas poob rau ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws. Cov khoom vov tsev qub thiab niaj hnub tau muab cais ua pawg thib 4, uas yog, pov tseg uas tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tau, tso cai cia hauv qhov chaw pov tseg.

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no nyuaj rau xav txog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Ua cov khoom vov tsev los ntawm cov roj siv sijhawm ntau ntawm cov peev txheej tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, thiab kev ua haujlwm txuag lawv. Tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua thiab cov khoom tsim tawm yog tsawg.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom vov tsev khaws cia hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yuav tawg yam tsawg 100 xyoo. Nws cov khoom lag luam decomposition paug cov av thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv av lossis hauv av.

Hauv lub tebchaws lub tsev, cov khoom siv vov tsev tuaj yeem siv tau, xws li:

• mulch;
• tsob ntoo tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txhais tau tias;
• ib qho kev tsim kho ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov nas tsuag;
• cuab yeej rau khaws cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tsob ntoo.