Compost Rau Nceb: Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg. Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Cov Txiv Laum Huab Xeeb Rau Loj Hlob Nceb Nrog Koj Tus Kheej Tes? Mushroom Block Compost Ntawm Husk

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Champignons yog cov khoom nrov heev thiab xav tau cov khoom, yog li coob leej xav tsis thoob tias lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej li cas. Qhov no tsis yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav paub ntau yam ntxiv nrog txhua qhov subtleties thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj compost rau kev loj hlob nceb.

Peculiarities

Ua ntej txiav txim siab cog cov nceb, koj yuav tsum kawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kom ntxaws - txij thaum pib tshwm sim, vim cov nroj tsuag no txawv ntawm lwm cov qoob loo. Mushroom tsis muaj chlorophyll los ua ke cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Champignons sib sau ua ke tsuas yog cov khoom siv tau tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv ib txheej tshwj xeeb.

Nees quav yog suav tias yog qhov nruab nrab tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cog cov nceb no. Qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib xyaw rau champignons suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv qab no hauv daim ntawv qhuav:

• nitrogen - 1.7%;
• phosphorus - 1%;
• poov tshuaj - 1.6%.

Cov dej noo ntawm cov dej sib tov tom qab ua chiv yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 71% . Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as -ham thiab noo noo xav tau rau qhov ua tiav zoo.

Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txheej txheem xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv qee yam zaub mov npaj ua.

Hom kev muaj pes tsawg leeg

Txhawm rau kom tau cov chiv nrog cov ntsiab lus pom zoo ntawm txhua yam tshuaj tsim nyog, tso cai rau koj cog cov nceb, muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg … Lawv tuaj yeem ua noj rau ntawm cov paj noob hlis, nrog mycelium, thiab tseem los ntawm sawdust. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw no yog quav quav nees.

Nrog cov khoom xyaw ntuj

Hauv cov ntawv no, cov nplooj lwg muaj:

• straw los ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntau yam - 100 kg;
• qhuav noog poob - 30 kg;
• nees quav - 200 kg;
• alabaster - 6 kg;
• dej - 200 l.

Semi-hluavtaws

Cov tshuaj no muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• straw lub caij ntuj no - 100 kg;
• quav nyab quav nyab - 100 kg;
• qhuav noog poob - 30 kg;
• gypsum - 6 kg;
• dej - 400 l.

Khoom cua

Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo ib yam rau kev sib xyaw siv cov khib nyiab nees, tab sis nws muaj lwm cov khoom xyaw, xws li:

• quav nyab;
• noog noog;
• cov zaub mov.

Daim ntawv qhia Corncob compost:

• qab zib - 50 kg;
• pob kws cobs - 50 kg;
• noog pov tseg - 60 kg;
• gypsum - 3 kg.

Sawdust compost muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• sawdust (tshwj tsis yog conifers) - 100 kg;
• nplej straw - 100 kg;
• calcium carbonate - 10 kg;
• txiv lws suav - 3 kg;
• hmoov nplej - 15 kg;
• urea - txog 5 kg.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj uas xav tau hauv kev sib xyaw qhuav (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) . Txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nceb yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu yuav tsum tau noj tshiab, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis tseem ceeb muaj cov kab mob rot thiab pwm ntawm cov paj noob hlis, quav nyab, pob kws cobs.

Qee qhov xwm txheej, straw tuaj yeem hloov nrog nplooj poob, nyom lossis quav nyab.

Kev npaj

Tau txiav txim siab cog cov nceb ntawm koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum paub qhov ntawd compost rau lawv tuaj yeem npaj tau nrog koj txhais tes thiab tom tsev … Tom ntej no, peb yuav txiav txim siab hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov substrate nceb.

Sijhawm

Lub sijhawm fermentation nyob ntawm los ntawm cov khoom siv pib, nws lub xeev tsoo thiab ntsuas ntsuas kub (hauv cov xwm txheej kub txheej txheem no nrawm dua). Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tsis txaus txaus yuav lwj rau lub sijhawm ntev, tej zaum txawm tias xyoo. Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem fermentation nrawm dua, cov kws paub dhau los paub siv cov whey lossis cov poov xab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua qhov sib tov sawv me ntsis ntev dua li lub sijhawm tau teev tseg dua li nws tsis ua, thiab yog li ntawd tsis ua qhov zoo.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke, suav nrog cov quav thiab quav, mus txog qhov npaj tau hauv 22-25 hnub . Kev npaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm ammonia thiab tau txais cov xim av xim av los ntawm kev sib xyaw. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev sau qoob loo zoo yuav tau txais los ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua qub.

Kev npaj ua tiav sib xyaw tuaj yeem muab khoom noj rau cov nceb rau 6-7 lub lis piam, yog li nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntau zaus.

Kev cob qhia

Ua ntej pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj ua chiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj, xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog. Qhov no yuav xav tau:

• xaiv qhov tsim nyog, nyiam dua fenced-nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog lub canopy, sau qhov chaw nrog pob zeb ua ke;
• sau cov quav thiab quav hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug, gypsum nrog chalk, urea;
• koj yuav tsum khaws cov dej tuaj yeem lossis lub qhov dej rau kev ywg dej, nrog rau cov nyom rau kev sib tov sib xyaw.

Thaj chaw ua chiv yog laj kab nrog cov laug cam, ob sab uas yuav tsum yog 50 cm siab . Txhawm rau tseb cov quav, khaws lwm lub thawv nyob ze. Cov khoom no yuav tsum tau so rau 3 hnub. Ua ntej pib npaj cov khoom sib tov, cov quav yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, vim nws tau pib kis kab mob thiab cov pwm. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua txoj haujlwm no.

• Pasteurization . Ua ntej pib cov txheej txheem no, cov quav nplej tau ua ntej tsoo thiab kho nrog cov cua sov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60-80 degrees rau 60-70 feeb.
• Kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam siv hydrogen peroxide . Hauv qhov no, cov quav nplej yog thawj zaug tsau hauv dej rau 60 feeb, tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog dej ntws. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raus dej rau ob peb teev hauv kev daws ntawm hydrogen peroxide diluted nrog dej hauv 1: 1 piv.

Tshuab

Tom qab txhua txoj haujlwm npaj ua tiav, nws txog lub sijhawm pib ua chiv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• straw yog crushed rau 15 cm hais;
• moisten cov quav nyab nrog dej, tsis muaj dej nyab, thiab sawv ntsug rau peb hnub;
• cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav (superphosphate, urea, alabaster, chalk) tau sib xyaw kom txog thaum du;
• quav nyab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw npaj, tom qab ntawd moistened nrog dej;
• qhov sib xyaw qhuav ntawm cov chiv yuav tsum tau nchuav rau saum cov av ntub;
• txheej tom ntej yog nteg tawm nrog quav thiab rov txau nrog cov chiv qhuav rau saum.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, yuav tsum muaj 4 txheej ntawm cov quav quav thiab tib tus nqi ntawm cov quav quav hauv cov quav quav . Sab nrauv, nws zoo li ib pawg ntawm 1.5 meters hauv qhov dav thiab 2 meters hauv qhov siab. Tom qab 5 hnub, kev decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem pib thiab qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog 70 degrees. Nov yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua chiv.

Sai li cov pawg tau puv, nws yuav tsum sov li 45 degrees. Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv yuav mus rau offline, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yuav ywj siab tswj qhov ntsuas kub.

Thaum qhov ntsuas kub hauv txheej txheej nce mus txog 70 degrees, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm ib puag ncig yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws. Compost tuaj yeem loj hlob tsawg dua 10 degrees.

Tom qab 4 hnub, ua kom sib tov nrog cov nyom nyom, thaum nchuav 30 liv dej rau nws … Xav txog qhov sib xws thiab cov khoom xyaw siv, ntxiv cov av nplaum los yog alabaster thaum sib tov. Cov khib nyiab khib nyiab yog moistened thaum sawv ntxov thiab thaum kawg ntawm hnub ntawd. Cov kua hauv lub substrate yuav tsum tsis ntws mus rau hauv av. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw nrog cov pa oxygen, sib tov yuav tsum tau nqa tawm txhua txhua 5 hnub rau ib hlis . Tom qab 25-28 hnub, lub substrate yuav npaj rau siv. Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm ua cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog cov pa kub, tom qab qhov thib peb nplawm nws tuaj yeem txav mus rau chav kom sov. Kev hloov pauv tom ntej tsis ua tiav hauv qhov no. Qhov kub siab ntawm cov pa tso cai rau lub substrate nruab nrab ntawm kab thiab kab mob pathogenic.

Tom qab ntawd, tsis pub dhau 6 hnub, huab cua nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm 48-52 degrees, tshem tawm cov kab mob phem thiab ammonia. Tom qab pasteurization, sib tov tau muab tso rau hauv hnab thiab thaiv, npaj rau cog cov nceb. Kev cog qoob loo ua raws li txhua txoj cai yuav ua rau cov qoob loo nce los ntawm 1 sq. m mus txog 22 kg.

Nrog kev npaj raug ntawm qhov sib xyaw no, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb khaws 1-1.5 lub hauv paus ntawm cov nceb los ntawm 1 tuj av

Lub tswv yim pab tau

Npaj cov av kom raug thiab noj qab nyob zoo, uas yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov qoob loo ruaj khov nyob rau yav tom ntej, yuav tsis nyuaj yog tias koj ua raws cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los

1. Thaum xaiv cov khoom xyaw rau kev npaj sib xyaw, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov sib piv raug, vim qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov thiab kab kawm ntau dua li ib txwm muaj, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm kev sib tsoo yuav nce ntxiv, uas yog vim li cas cov nceb yuav tsis muaj sia nyob. Tab sis nrog qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj no, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev sau qoob loo zoo.
2. Cov av sib xyaw kom raug yuav tsum muaj: nitrogen - hauv 2%, phosphorus - 1%, potassium - 1.6%. Cov dej noo ntawm qhov sib xyaw - 70% yuav zoo tagnrho. Acidity - 7, 5. Cov ntsiab lus ammonia - tsis ntau dua 0, 1%.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob plam ib pliag kev npaj compost . Qhov no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• lub substrate tau dhau los ua xim av tsaus;
• qhov sib xyaw yog noo nruab nrab, tsis muaj dej ntau dhau;
• cov khoom tiav muaj cov qauv xoob;
• tsw ntawm ammonia tsis tuaj kiag li.

Thaum nyem hauv xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes ib txhais tes ntawm compost yuav tsum tsis txhob lo ua ke , thaum cov kua dej ntub nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm txhais tes. Yog tias cov dej tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom no, cov av nceb yuav tsum tau sib xyaw thiab sab laug rau ob peb hnub ntxiv. Zoo dua sawv ntsug ntau dua li qhov tsis tsim txiaj.

Tam sim no, tau paub nws tus kheej nrog cov kev xav tau yooj yim thiab cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm kev ua cov txiv laum huab xeeb nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes rau kev loj hlob champignons, txhua tus tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov haujlwm no.