Phosphate Chiv: Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom, Ntau Lawm Thiab Daim Ntawv Thov. Cov Chiv Twg Tau Muab Cais Ua Phosphorus Thiab Lawv Siv Rau Dab Tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev loj hlob zoo thiab txhim kho cov nroj tsuag, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov chiv tshwj xeeb. Muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm phosphorus thiab lwm yam chiv, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab siv rau qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb . Txhawm rau kom paub yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg los thov cov chiv phosphorus kom raug, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab lawv ntau dua.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Phosphorus yog cov khoom siv raw uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag . Nitrogen thiab potassium ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab saj zoo, thaum phosphorus tswj cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov, muab cov zog cog rau kev loj hlob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Phosphate chiv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo rau cov qoob loo vaj, cov ntxhia no muab kev tswj hwm kev cog qoob loo thiab nws qhov tsis ua rau ua rau qeeb lossis ua tiav kev cog qoob loo. Cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog:

• kev loj hlob tsis zoo;
• tsim cov tua luv thiab nyias;
• tuag tawm ntawm tsob ntoo saum;
• kev hloov xim ntawm cov nplooj qub, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj;
• hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm qhib lub raum;
• cov qoob loo tsis zoo;
• txom nyem lub caij ntuj no hardiness.

Hauv lub vaj, phosphorus tau muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov qoob loo, tsis suav nrog cov ntoo thiab tsob ntoo, vim tias lawv tseem xav tau cov khoom no thiab tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntev tsis muaj nws . Nws tau pom muaj me me hauv cov av, tab sis nws cov peev txheej tsis muaj qhov txwv.

Yog tias tsis muaj phosphorus hauv cov av, tom qab ntawd teeb meem nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo ntsuab tsis tuaj yeem zam tau.

Teem caij

Phosphate chiv xav tau rau txhua tsob ntoo raws li lawv pab txhawb lawv li qub kev loj hlob, kev txhim kho thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Fertilizing cov qoob loo hauv vaj yog ib feem ntawm kev saib xyuas, txij li tsis muaj qhov no, cov av yuav tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj ntau yam uas tsim nyog rau lub neej tag nrho ntawm kev cog ntoo ntsuab. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm phosphorus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev txhim kho cov paj ntoo.

Cov ntxhia no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag hauv ib qho twg . Cov neeg ua teb yuav tsis txhawj xeeb txog cov tshuaj phosphorus tau qhia rau hauv av, txij li cov nroj tsuag yuav nqus nws tus kheej ntau npaum li nws xav tau. Txhawm rau tsim cov chiv phosphorus, ib tus neeg siv apatite thiab phosphorite, uas muaj cov tshuaj phosphorus txaus. Apatite tuaj yeem pom hauv av, thaum phosphorite yog pob zeb sedimentary ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb. Hauv thawj lub hauv paus, phosphorus yog los ntawm 30 txog 40%, thiab hauv qhov thib ob nws qis dua, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov chiv.

Ntau yam

Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom siv yooj yim, cov chiv phosphorus tuaj yeem faib ua ob peb pawg. Nov yog lawv li kev faib tawm zoo li cas.

1. Dej-soluble chiv yog cov kua ua kua uas nqus tau zoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov khoom no suav nrog yooj yim thiab ob npaug superphosphate, ntxiv rau phosphorus.
2. Fertilizers insoluble hauv dej, tab sis tuaj yeem ua kom tawg hauv cov kua qaub. Cov hom tseem ceeb suav nrog: nag lossis daus, tomoslag, qhib-hearth phosphate slag, defluorinated phosphate, phosphorus.
3. Insoluble hauv dej thiab tsis zoo soluble hauv cov kua qaub, tab sis soluble hauv cov kua qaub. Cov chiv tseem ceeb hauv pab pawg no suav nrog pob txha thiab pob zeb phosphate. Cov hom tshuaj ntxiv no tsis sib xyaw los ntawm cov qoob loo feem ntau, tab sis lupine thiab buckwheat teb tau zoo rau lawv vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acidic ntawm cov hauv paus system.

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua phosphate chiv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab yog siv rau cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb . Cov organic teeb meem ntawm phosphorites thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm apatite pab ua rau cov av muaj av ntau dua thiab ua kom muaj kev loj hlob zoo thiab qoob loo tawm los. Rau cov txiv lws suav, cov tshuaj ntxiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb, yam tsis muaj lawv txoj kev loj hlob, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub sijhawm thiab muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dhau los ua tsis tau.

Txhawm rau nkag siab zoo dua twg siv cov chiv hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv no.

Ammophos

Qhov feem ntau phosphate chiv yog ammophos , nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov av rau kev cog qoob loo hauv paus thiab qoob loo qoob loo. Nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov av ua ntej thiab tom qab plowing teb.

Ua tsaug rau ammophos fertilization, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub txee lub neej ntawm cov qoob loo, txhim kho qhov saj thiab pab cog kom muaj zog, muaj zog thiab ntau lub caij ntuj no-tawv . Yog tias koj ntxiv ammophos thiab ammonium nitrate rau hauv av tas li, koj tuaj yeem tau txais li 30% cov qoob loo ntau dua li ib txwm. Cov qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov tshuaj ntxiv no yog:

• qos yaj ywm - 2 g ntawm cov khoom txaus rau ib lub qhov;
• txiv hmab - 400 g ntawm cov chiv yuav tsum tau diluted hauv 10 liv dej thiab av yuav tsum tau pub rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thiab tom qab 2 lub lis piam ntxiv, daws qhov teeb meem - 150 g ntawm ammonia rau 10 liv dej - thiab tsuag cov nplooj ntoo;
• beets - ua tsaug rau kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov tshuaj phem los ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo thiab saturate nws nrog qab zib.

Yog tias ammophos tau siv rau cov ntoo zoo nkauj lossis cov nyom, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj rau kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum raug xam raws qhov sib piv uas tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia ntawm pob.

Phosphoric hmoov

Lwm hom phosphorus chiv yog pob zeb phosphate, uas, ntxiv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam tsis huv: calcium, magnesium, silica thiab lwm yam, uas yog vim li cas thiaj muaj 4 lub npe: A, B, B, C . Cov tshuaj ntxiv no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hmoov lossis hmoov, tsis yaj hauv dej, yog vim li cas nws thiaj muab khaws cia ntev. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov av, txawm tias muaj kua qaub, nchuav rau hauv av thiab khawb nws. Tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo hauv cov txheej txheem thov yog hmoov av, vim tias cov pob zeb phosphate yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo zoo, kom ze rau hauv av li sai tau.

Ua tsaug rau cov chiv no, thaj chaw yuav muaj qib txaus ntawm cov as -ham, uas yuav kav ntev txog plaub xyoos. Phosphorus hmoov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqus los ntawm:

• lupine;
• buckwheat;
• mustard.

Ib feem pua zoo ntawm kev nqus tau pom hauv cov qoob loo xws li:

• taum pauv;
• qab zib clover;
• sainfoin.

Yog tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau pub cov qoob loo hauv vaj, tom qab ntawd cov av yuav tsum muaj qib siab ntawm oxidation kom cov nplej, beets thiab qos yaj ywm tuaj yeem nqus tau cov chiv . Muaj cov qoob loo uas tsis suav cov hmoov phosphoric txhua, cov no yog barley, nplej, flax, millet, txiv lws suav thiab turnips. Txhawm rau ua kom cov av muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws raug nquahu kom sib tov cov pob zeb hauv av phosphate nrog peat thiab chiv, uas tsim qhov tsim nyog acidic ib puag ncig thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev qhia cov tshuaj no rau hauv av.

Diammophos

Lwm cov chiv uas siv rau feem ntau cov qoob loo hauv vaj yog diammophos. Nws muaj nitrogen, potassium thiab phosphorus, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem yog zinc, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, hlau . Cov tshuaj no tau siv los ua chiv ywj pheej, tsawg dua li ntxiv rau lwm cov chiv.

Ua tsaug rau diammophos, muaj qhov hloov pauv zoo hauv cov nroj tsuag:

• txhim kho palatability, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kua ntau dua, qab zib thiab qab;
• tiv taus cov huab cua tsis zoo, tom qab fertilization cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm ntau dua kom txias thiab los nag.

Cov tshuaj no tsis zoo nyob hauv dej thiab tsis ntxuav tawm ntawm cov av tau ntev, ntxiv rau, nws mus tau zoo nrog lwm qhov kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus: compost, quav, quav quav, thiab lwm yam.

Cov qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv diammophos yog:

• txiv pos nphuab - nws txaus los ntxiv 7 grams rau ib sq. meter;
• qos yaj ywm - qhov zoo tshaj yog 8 grams ib sq. meter;
• txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2 xyoos - 20 grams ntawm cov khoom, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voos pob tw thiab khawb ib nrab;
• rau cog tsev cog khoom - 35 grams toj ib sq. meter.

Tom qab fertilizing, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ywg dej cov av kom zoo kom cov tshuaj pib yaj, txhawb cov av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntxiv cov cim kom pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau uas yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag puas xwb.

Superphosphate

Lwm cov chiv uas siv los pub zaub ntsuab yog superphosphate. Nws muaj 20-50% phosphorus thiab tsawg kawg ntawm nitrogen, uas tso cai rau koj los tswj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tua tsis tsim nyog . Raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv superphosphate, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, nitrogen thiab calcium sulfate tuaj yeem sau tseg.

Superphosphate muaj ntau yam:

• monophosphate;
• ob superphosphate;
• granulated;
• ammoniated superphosphate.

Txhawm rau siv lawv kom raug, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab txhua qhov kev xaiv hauv ntau yam

Monophosphate

Cov tshuaj muaj hmoov nrog 20% cov ntsiab lus phosphorus, ntxiv rau gypsum, leej faj thiab nitrogen hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg . Qhov no yog qhov pheej yig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los daws qhov teeb meem, qhov kev thov uas maj mam pib poob vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub no. Txhawm rau khaws cov monophosphate kom raug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem dej noo, uas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50%.

Granulated

Fertilizer sawv cev los ntawm granules uas yooj yim rau khaws thiab yooj yim muab tso rau hauv av . Hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg - 50% phosphorus, 30% calcium sulfate, zinc, magnesium thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov tshuaj superphosphate yog cov tshuaj acidified uas koj xav tau ntxiv cov txiv qaub lossis tshauv ib hlis ua ntej thov rau hauv av.

Ammoniated

Hom chiv no siv rau kev qhia rau hauv av hauv qab cov roj thiab cov qoob loo cruciferous … Cov tshuaj no muaj qhov feem pua siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj oxidizing rau hauv av, vim qhov tseeb tias nws muaj ammonia thiab cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab, txog 12%.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Phosphorus nyob rau hauv qhov yog sawv cev los ntawm cov organic sib txuas, uas tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua hauv cov av txhua xyoo, yog li cov nroj tsuag xav tias tsis muaj cov as -ham ntxiv. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qoob loo ntsuab, cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tsim cov ntxhia no ntawm lawv tus kheej. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov chaw loj tshaj plaws rau kev rho tawm ntawm phosphorus yog:

• Cherepovets;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Voskresensk.

Txhua lub nroog sim pab txhawb kom tau txais cov tshuaj phosphate chiv txhawm rau muab kev ua liaj ua teb nrog kev tsim nyog tau txais cov chiv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw hauv Urals, phosphorus tau ua tsaug rau qhov pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam hlau.

Kev tsim cov tshuaj phosphorus, nitrogen thiab potash chiv yog qhov muaj feem thib, yog li ntau dua 13 tons ntawm cov tshuaj no tau muab rho tawm txhua xyoo.

Tus nqi thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia

Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj phosphorus ua kom ntau ntxiv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lawv kom raug thiab raws sijhawm raws li cov av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tshuaj xyuas hom av, nws cov lus teb thiab hom nroj tsuag uas loj hlob ntawm nws . Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom liming cov tshuaj phosphorus ntxiv, cov chiv tau nqus tau zoo hauv cov av acidic, thiab cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv av alkaline. Cov tshuaj organic yuav yog khub zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chiv phosphorus.

Txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom paub cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau hauv av, koj yuav tsum ua raws txoj cai no: siv cov chiv qhuav qhuav rau lub caij nplooj ntoo, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav - cov uas xav tau ntub dej lossis yaj hauv dej.

Yuav siv li cas?

Kev siv cov chiv phosphorus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov chaw ntsuab. Phosphorus yog sib xws nrog ntau haiv neeg, yog li nws yuav tsis ua mob rau lawv. Kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv no tso cai rau koj kom saturate cov av thiab muab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ib txwm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txhua tus neeg ua teb muaj nws tus kheej txoj hauv kev thiab txheej txheem ntawm fertilization txhawm rau cog zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo.

Muaj ntau txoj cai rau yuav ua li cas phosphorus yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv av:

• Cov chiv ua chiv tsis tau tawg thoob plaws hauv av, lawv tau siv rau txheej av qis, lossis diluted nrog dej thiab ywg dej;
• nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj phosphorus hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, uas yuav ua rau kom cov av txaus nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig thiab npaj nws rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav; rau paj hauv tsev, ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv thaum lawv xav tau;
• nws tsis pom zoo kom ntxiv cov phosphorus rau cov av acidic: yog tias xav tau nws, tom qab ntawd cov ntoo tshauv lossis cov kua qaub tau ntxiv rau nws ib hlis ua ntej nws tau ntxiv kom cov chiv nkag mus rau hauv av;
• qee zaum cov nroj tsuag kis kab mob ntau yam, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua lawv, hlau vitriol, uas yog sib xws nrog phosphorus, tuaj yeem siv tau.