2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Tam sim no, kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tau ntim nrog ntau yam khoom lag luam npaj rau kev tsim kho qis. Cov khoom siv ntoo ntuj tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb thiab xav tau. Ib tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim cov ntoo tau txiav txim siab ua tus nplaig-thiab-zawj qhov nqaj profiled. Kev lag luam tsim tawm ntau tus kab teeb duab plaub nrog ob sab los yog sib npaug. Sab qaum thiab sab qis tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb thiab zawj hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus nplaig-thiab-zawj txuas.
Nws yog dab tsi?
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntoo ua rau nws tuaj yeem faib cov khoom siv no ua cov khoom lag luam ib puag ncig uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tsev nyob. Cov ntaub ntawv ntoo tso cai rau koj txo lub sijhawm tsim kho.
Niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv ntoo tau suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov peev txheej thiab cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim vaj tsev. Ntuj ntoo zoo li nthuav tawm thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov cua sov.
Yog tias koj xav tau tsim lub tsev nyob hauv lub sijhawm luv, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov ntoo ntoo uas tau nthuav tawm, uas yog cov khoom siv ntuj zoo.
Cov ntoo yog siv tshwj xeeb cov tshuab ntoo ua haujlwm . Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov ntoo uas tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ob peb txoj hauv kev ua tiav, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov zoo ib yam txawm tias yog ib lub bar nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho. Spruce, aspen, ntoo thuv, larch thiab txawm tias ntoo cedar yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov ntoo. Cov kev xaiv nyiaj txiag yog ntoo thuv thiab aspen, cov ntoo ntoo no tiv taus qhov hloov pauv kub thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av noo.
Raws li rau hom tsiaj kim, lawv suav nrog ntoo cedar thiab larch, lawv muaj nuj nqis rau kev ua haujlwm ntev tshaj plaws . Spruce tau suav tias yog qib qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv raw, txij li nws cov ntoo yuav raug lwj, yog li cov khoom siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntoo muaj qhov zoo, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv ob tog, nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom raug kho thaum tsim kho. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntoo ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm kev tsim kho thiab txuag peev nyiaj rau kev tiv thaiv lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev.
Cov ntoo zoo tau tsim raws li GOST cov qauv . Thaum pib, xaiv cov ntoo rau qhov khoob tau ua, qhov ntsuas ntawm ntu ntu ntawm lub bar tau xaiv - square, puag ncig lossis duab plaub. Txhua yam ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag raug tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua pawg los ntawm qhov loj thiab xa rau kom qhuav hauv qhov xwm txheej ntuj, uas tuaj yeem nyob ntev li ob peb hlis.
Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm dua, cov chav qhuav tau siv, qhov twg ntoo tau khaws cia hauv qee qhov xwm txheej rau 3-4 lub lis piam.
Txhua qhov khoob yuav raug ua nrog cov hluav taws kub retardant thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tom qab uas lawv tau xa mus rau sawing thiab profiling.
Profiled ntoo muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- ib lub tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo zoo mloog thiab zoo nkauj, nws yuav tsis xav tau tus nqi ntxiv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv;
- cov khoom siv yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv;
- ntoo muaj qib qis ntawm thermal conductivity, uas ua rau nws txuag tau cua sov hauv tsev;
- cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo haum nruj nreem rau ib leeg, yog li cov yas thiab phab ntsa tsis tas yuav muab sib khi;
- ntoo muaj cov kav ntev, tom qab ua tiav nrog cov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb nws tsis raug rau kev sib txuas, pwm thiab kab mob;
- tsim ib lub tsev yog yooj yim rau nruab thiab nrawm ua tiav kev ua haujlwm;
- cov ntoo zoo muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawg, nws khaws nws qhov qub tsis zoo, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tom qab sib dhos ntawm cov thav duab muaj qhov me me ntawm cov khoom;
- ib lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo, muaj qhov pom kev zoo, yog li nws tsis xav tau lub hauv paus tob - kab txaij lossis cov kab hauv paus yog txaus.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov zoo, ntoo tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo:
- cov ntoo tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntoo nws tus kheej lossis ntu ntu;
- feem ntau tuaj ntawm cov khoom muag uas muaj qib tsis zoo ntawm kev ziab, vim qhov uas lub sijhawm ntawm kev nqaim ntawm lub tsev tau ua kom ntev dua;
- txawm kho nrog cov hluav taws kub nyhiab, cov ntoo yog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub tau, yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws;
- yog tias qhov tuab ntawm cov ntoo tau xaiv yam tsis suav nrog huab cua huab cua, nrog rau yog tias cov cuab yeej siv ua ke tsis ua raws, lub tsev yuav xav tsim ib txoj siv rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv;
- tom qab cov qauv tau thim, nws yuav nyuaj thiab kim heev los hloov qhov teeb tsa hauv chav;
- ntoo ntuj yog qhov tsaus ntuj, yog li sab nraum lub tsev yuav tsum tau pleev xim.
Tom qab lub tsev tau tsim, nws feem ntau tsis xav tau kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa, vim cov ntoo zoo li zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tsis tas yuav xav tau cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj ntxiv.
Nws txawv li cas ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv?
Cov ntaub ntawv ntoo ntuj yog cov cuab yeej siv tsev siab. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo uas muaj qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib xyaw ua ke zoo ib txwm yog qhov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntoo tau cuam tshuam tag nrho hauv cov khoom siv glued, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo tom qab ziab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntoo tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv, yog li nws zoo dua, ntseeg tau ntau dua thiab ruaj dua, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thiab ntsws.
Sab nrauv, cov duab ci zoo li qhov no: nws sab sab yog tiaj lossis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub voj voog, thiab sab uas nyob sab hauv lub tsev yeej ib txwm ua thiab ua tib zoo npaj. Ob sab ntawm cov ntoo muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zawj thiab zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig zoo li, nrog lawv cov kev pab cov khoom muaj kev ntseeg tau koom nrog thaum txhim kho. Daim kab xev jute rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo . Tshooj ntawm cov khoom lag luam profiled yuav txawv - nws nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm yog tias nws muaj tus nplaig-thiab-nqaj ntawm ob sab, uas ua kom muaj kev sib dhos ntawm phab ntsa nrog tus lej tsawg kawg ntawm qhov, uas tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau txhaws. Yog tias peb sib piv nrog cov khoom siv no ib txwm sib npaug cav, uas yog qhov pheej yig dua, tom qab ntawd nws tsis muaj cov khoom zoo li no, yog li ntawd, daim ntawv profile yog kim dua.
Tus kws tshaj lij tau ua li cas?
Profiles beams yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo ua ntoo uas muaj cov cuab yeej tsim khoom uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev nthuav dav. Txhua lub chaw tsim khoom tsim nws cov khoom raws li GOST cov qauv, thiab kev tsim khoom nws tus kheej cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntau theem ntawm kev ua ntoo.
- Kev xaiv cov ntoo . Larch thiab ntoo thuv tau siv rau cov kab teeb ci; nws muaj peev xwm ua kab teeb los ntawm Altai ntoo cedar lossis spruce. Cov khoom siv raw muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yog larch, nws cov ntoo muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau noo noo, thiab nws tseem ua kom sov qeeb thiab sib npaug thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Qee zaum ntoo qhib lossis linden tau siv rau kev tsim ntoo.
- Kev xaiv ntu . Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov khoom ntawm ib puag ncig lossis ntu ntu tuaj yeem ua tau. Hauv qhov no, cov ntsiab lus noo ntawm cov khoom yuav sib xws rau cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm cov ntoo tshiab.
- Tsis lees paub theem . Cov khoom raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab yog pom muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis tsis xws, nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tsim khoom mus ntxiv.
- Qib Calibration Ntoo tau txheeb tsis yog los ntawm cov cim ntsuas, tab sis kuj yog qhov loj ntawm ntu.
- Txheej txheem kom qhuav . Nws tau muab faib ua ntuj lossis chav. Txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob tawg ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm ziab, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau txiav cov nyiaj them rau nruab nrab ntawm qhov ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom qhuav hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb, cov ntoo tau muab tso ua ke kom cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj cua nkag mus.
- Sib tsoo . Nws tau ua tiav ntawm lub tshuab uas ua haujlwm tiav los ntawm tag nrho 4 sab tib lub sijhawm, uas tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom siv tau du thiab txawm tias nto, thiab tus nplaig-thiab-zawj cov khoom sib dhos tau txais ntawm ob sab.
- Cov khoom ntim . Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom siv ntoo tau muab tso rau hauv pawg, ua kom nws nyob hauv qhov av qis thaum thauj.
Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ntiag tug me me tuaj yeem ua txhaum cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim ntoo, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov ntoo tsis xws luag, uas tuaj yeem pom tsis tsuas yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim tsev. Qhov phem tshaj ntawm txhua qhov, yog tias qhov tsis xws luag pib tshwm rau lawv tus kheej thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev.
Hom kev txheeb xyuas
Profiles beams, zoo li cov phiaj kab, tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, uas tau txhim kho tas li, ua kom cov khoom lag luam zoo dua qub. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dav dav, cov khoom lag luam tau muab cais raws li ntau yam txheej txheem.
Los ntawm hom profile
Ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nthuav dav nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab tus naj npawb ntawm tus nplaig thiab zawj
- Profile nrog 1 ntsia hlau loj . Nws yog kab rov tav-zoo li protrusion tau hais los saum toj saud. Qhov no tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej ntau ntxiv thaum txuas ob lub pas tuav ntawd. Cov khoom lag luam no tau qhuav ib txwm muaj, thiab siv rau kev tsim kho chav da dej, gazebo, lub tsev nyob hauv tebchaws.
- Profile nrog 2 spikes . Ib khub ntawm cov npoo tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov thiab txo cov cua sov kom poob zoo. Thaum tshav kub kub-insulating dov jute yog feem ntau nteg nruab nrab ntawm cov plaub hau-puab spikes.
- Cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev kwv yees beveled yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib lub bar nrog 2 spikes . Lub ntsej muag beveled ntawm chamfer tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov pob qij txha. Ib qho ntxiv, cov duab ntawm cov chamfers ua rau nws ua tau kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov rau ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm caulking. Profiled beams nrog beveled chamfers saib ntau nthuav thiab txawv txawv.
- Ib qhov profile hu ua zuag . Cov khoom siv no muaj ntau qhov sib dhos ntawm qhov txuas, qhov siab uas yog yam tsawg 10 hli. Xws li ib lub bar tso cai rau koj kom ua kom sov siab tshaj plaws thiab ua kom ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv sib dhos. Cov plaub hau hom profile ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis kam siv cov rwb thaiv tsev. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws nyuaj heev rau ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no thaum sib sau ua ke - yuav tsum muaj kev paub dhau los thiab txuj ci. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog sib sau ib lub tsev los ntawm lub bar nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub, thaum cov ntoo swells, thiab cov toj roob hauv pes haum nruj rau hauv qhov tsaws tsaws.
- Cov ntaub ntawv, hu ua Finnish, muaj 2 kab uas muaj beveled chamfer, ntxiv rau, muaj qhov dav dav ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes no. Cov ntawv Finnish muab kev koom ua ke nruj ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab tseem tso cai rau kev siv cov hlua rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntawv sib txuas ua ke ntau dua nyob rau hauv kev thov hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam; cov khoom siv hauv tsev no feem ntau yog dag los ntawm cov txheej txheem xuas tes ua.
Los ntawm cov duab zoo
Raws li cov duab ntawm sab nrauv ntawm qhov profile bar, ib hom lossis ib nrab semicircular yog qhov txawv. Cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tus tau beveled chamfers, lossis lawv yuav tsis tuaj. Lub semicircular version zoo li cov duab sib npaug, uas tseem hu ua "block house ".
- Lub ntsej muag ncaj yog tus qauv . Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev teeb tsa, uas tuaj yeem tom qab raug rau ib qho kev ua tiav ntxiv.
- Nkhaus pem hauv ntej - qhov profile nyob sab nraud muaj D -puab , thiab nws sab hauv yog tiaj. Siv cov qauv zoo ib yam ntawm cov nqaj, koj tuaj yeem ua lub tsev uas zoo li lub cav ntoo, thaum cov phab ntsa hauv chav yuav tiaj tus.
- Ntoo nkhaus ntawm ob sab - ntawm qhov txiav nws yuav zoo li tsab ntawv O , txij li ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm qhov profile yuav zoo li lub cav sib npaug. Qhov kev xaiv nrog ob sab nkhaus yog qhov kim tshaj plaws. Siv nws, yav tom ntej, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv sab nrauv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov duab ntawm qhov profile nyob ntawm txoj kev sib dhos ntawm lub tsev thiab kev nyiam ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm nws tus tswv . Kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm ib lub semicircular bar nrog ib sab sab sib npaug thiab sab hauv sab hauv.
Raws li qib ntawm saturation nrog noo noo
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej noo noo ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv pib thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntoo tiav tom qab ziab txiav txim siab nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Muaj 2 hom khoom siv raws li cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo.
- Cov khoom ya raws ntuj - Pawg no suav nrog ntoo uas tau qhuav hauv qhov xwm txheej ntuj. Txog qhov no, cov khoom siv tau sau rau hauv pawg kom cov huab cua tuaj yeem hla tau dawb ntawm cov kab ib leeg. Tom qab ib hlis ntawm kev ziab khaub ncaws, ntoo tau qhuav sib npaug thiab tsis tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lub tsev sib sau ua ke yuav raug rau txheej txheem kev nqaim.
- Cov khoom tom qab yuam kom qhuav - kom tau txais cov ntoo qhuav, nws tuaj yeem qhuav hauv chav qhuav tshwj xeeb. Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo txo mus rau qhov ntsuas tsis pub dhau 3-4 lub lis piam. Hom kev ziab khaub ncaws no ua rau tus nqi ntoo nce ntxiv, tab sis cov nqi no yog qhov ncaj ncees los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tom qab sib sau lub tsev, nws tsis suav nrog ntxiv, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm sai sai tom qab kev tsim kho.
Muaj cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau cov khoom lag luam zoo . Thaum qhuav ib txwm, cov av noo ntawm cov ntoo tuaj yeem yog 20 txog 40%, thiab thaum ziab hauv chav qhuav, qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 17-20%. Thaum lub sijhawm khaws khoom, cov khoom tseem tuaj yeem poob nws cov dej noo los ntawm 5%.
Tus qauv sab hauv
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov nqaj siv nrog kev siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis. Muaj cov hom hauv qab no.
Glued (ua los ntawm lamellas) ntoo - Cov khoom siv no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous lossis cov ntoo txiav ntoo. Hauv ib lub bar, cov lamellas nyob ntawm ib sab ua ke ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, uas tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg thaum nws cov ntsiab lus noo noo hloov pauv.
Khoom (ua los ntawm cov khoom ntoo) ntoo - Cov khoom siv no tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous, thiab pom tau ua rau ntawm lub bar txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntoo thaum ziab. Cov ntoo tawv yog cov khoom kim tshaj plaws.
Ob chav (sov) bar - yog hom glued version, nyob rau hauv uas lamellas nyob sab hauv tau hloov nrog cov khoom kub-insulating nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj.
Hauv kev sib piv rau cov nplaum lossis cov khoom ua tau zoo, ob chav ntoo muaj tus nqi qis dua, vim tias cov ntoo hauv cov khoom no tau txo qis.
Qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntoo tsis tshaj 6 m, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, cov tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem hloov kho cov khoom ntawm txhua qhov ntev, piv txwv li, 12 lossis 18 m. Lub thickness ntawm cov ntsiab lus profiled rau sab nrauv load-bearing phab ntsa yog li ntawm 100 txog 200 hli . Qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb yog txiav txim siab ntu 150 ntawm 150 lossis 220 los ntawm 260 hli. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua hnyav, ntu ntawm 280 los ntawm 280 mm lossis 320 los ntawm 320 mm tau siv. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntsiab lus profiled tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm nws cov dej noo, tab sis kuj ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Piv txwv li, ntoo thuv muaj qhov hnyav 480 kg / cu. m, thiab larch hnyav 630 kg / cu. m.
Nuances ntawm kev xaiv
Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom tsim tsev zoo, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov hauv qab no:
- cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tiaj tus raws nws qhov ntev tag nrho;
- qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo ib xyoos ib zaug yuav tsum zoo ib yam; nrog qhov sib txawv loj, cov ntoo yuav pib khoov dhau lub sijhawm;
- coloring ntoo nyob rau hauv ntoo yuav tsum yog ib yam, txwv tsis pub cov khoom yuav deformed lub sij hawm.
Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias thaum xaiv ntoo, koj tuaj yeem zam nws cov av noo siab, muab tias lwm qhov ntsuas tau ua tau raws cov qauv.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no raug rau ntuj lossis yuam kom qhuav ua ntej ua haujlwm.
Daim ntawv thov nta
Cov ntoo uas tau yuav tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov dej noo thiab tsis xws luag. Cov ntoo tau tso tom qab nws tau qhuav lawm. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov thorn-groove yam ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau insulated hauv txhua kis. Nrog ntuj qhuav, cov khoom siv me me, nyob rau hauv qhov khoob me me tau tsim ntawm kab teeb . Nrog kev siv rwb thaiv tsev, qhov kev nqaim no tsis txaus ntshai, txij li qhov khoob yuav raug kaw.
Siv cov ntawv sib txuas ua ke, koj tsis xav tau rwb thaiv tsev, txij li cov khoom sib txuas no haum nruj heev rau ib leeg, tsis muaj qhov khoob.
Txhawm rau kom ua kom nruj nruj ntawm kab teeb, tsuas yog cov khoom zoo qhuav uas tsis ntsws tau siv los ua cov phab ntsa hauv tsev.
Qee cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov nqaj nrog cov kab tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub qhov, nws tau siv rau kaum pob qij txha, thiab cov txheej txheem sib dhos tau nrawm heev . Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov nqaj zoo li nws tuaj yeem nqaim, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm me me thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa tsim nyog los hloov cov khoom.
Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim kho thiab tus tswv tsev tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntoo, cov khoom siv ntoo ntuj muaj qib siab ntawm kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nyob tau yooj yim. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho vaj tsev ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho ua rau nws ua tau sai thiab raug nqi tsim lub tsev, chav da dej, lub caij sov nyob nrog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm lawv cov haujlwm ntxiv . Siv cov khoom ntoo, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev ua cov ntoo ib ntus los ntawm pwm thiab kab mob, ntxiv rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov phab ntsa tom qab cov qauv tau qis dua. Ib qho ntxiv, koj yuav tsum paub tias thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov tsev zoo li no xav tau cov nqi cua sov tseem ceeb.
Pom zoo:
Tsev Cog Khoom Thiab Tsev Cog Khoom: Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Sib Txawv Thiab Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Sib Txawv, Ntau Yam Thiab Sib Txawv Ntawm Kev Tsim, Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Los Xaiv
Tsev cog khoom thiab tsev cog khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv thiab ntau yam. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv thiab dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tsev cog khoom thiab tsev cog khoom? Dab tsi yog ntau yam thiab sib txawv hauv kev tsim tsev cog khoom? Dab tsi yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsev sov lub caij ntuj sov hauv thaj chaw huab cua sib txawv?
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yas (39 Duab): Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kaw Suab Paj Nruag Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Ua Haujlwm Li Cas? Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Ntev: Txoj Kab Uas Hla Hauv Cm. Lub Hnab Ntawv Rau Dab Tsi? Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yas Ua Tau Zoo Li Cas?
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv yas tau tuaj txog thiab cov ntaub ntawv kaw suab paj nruag yog dab tsi? Los ntawm txoj cai twg nws ua haujlwm, qhov loj me, xim, zoo li cas? Puas yog tib neeg tseem ua cov ntaub ntawv yas hauv tebchaws Russia, vim li cas tib neeg thiaj yuav lawv? Vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus gramophone zoo dua li cov CD kaw niaj hnub no hauv cov digital?
Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Paub Qhov Txawv Ntawm Aspen Los Ntawm Poplar? 15 Duab Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Tsob Ntoo Tshee Tshee Thiab Tsob Ntoo Zoo Li Cas? Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Cov Tawv Ntoo Thiab Nplooj Hauv Lub Caij Ntuj Sov, Lwm Qhov Sib Txawv
Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm aspen los ntawm poplar? Vim li cas lub tswb nrov nrov hu ua aspen, puas yog qhov no? Nws txawv li cas ntawm cov txiv ntoo zoo tib yam? Los ntawm nplooj los yog los ntawm daim tawv ntoo - nws yooj yim npaum li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntoo?
Polycarbonate (45 Daim Duab): Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Hom Sib Txawv Li Cas? Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Ntau Lawm Thiab Khoom, Tshuaj Xyuas
Polycarbonate thiab nws cov yam ntxwv. Cov ntaub ntawv yog dab tsi, nws yog dab tsi, nws hom sib txawv li cas? Cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws, kev pom zoo xa khoom thiab tshuaj xyuas
Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Raspberries Dub Thiab Blackberries (16 Duab): Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Cov Ntoo Yog Dab Tsi? Qhov Txawv Yog Nyob Rau Hauv Nplooj Thiab Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo. Yuav Qhia Li Cas Los Ntawm Saj? Qhov Sib Txawv Hauv Kev Saib Xyuas
Qhov sib txawv ntawm dub raspberries thiab blackberries - lawv yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hav txwv yeem, qhov sib txawv ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau pom? Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv berries los ntawm saj? Lawv rov tsim dua li cas? Lawv puas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm thaj av ib sab? Puas muaj qhov txawv ntawm kev saib xyuas?
