Slag: Qhov Hnyav Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm 1 M3, Siv Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Rau Rwb Thaiv Tsev Ntawm Qab Nthab, Chav Da Dej Thiab Hauv Pem Teb, Ru Tsev Thiab Sab Nraum Lub Tsev. Pros Thiab

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Slag yog cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom tau txais los ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam hlau . Nws tab tom tsim los ntawm cov ntoo tshauv thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau yaj . Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Cia peb nyob hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm slag thiab nws cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Qhov yooj yim yooj yim ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog lub tshuab tsis siv pov tseg rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev . Nws tso cai rau koj kom txo qis kev ua qias neeg ib puag ncig. Vim lub nce ceev thiab kuj tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cinder blocks, lub volume ntawm kev tsim kho pov tseg sau thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib lub tsev yog zoo heev txo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, slags ntawm txhua hom khaws lawv lub teeb thiab muaj peev xwm thauj.

Slag yog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws silicates tsim rau ntawm cov hlau hlau thaum txheej txheem:

• casting cov hlau raw khoom;
• ua cov hlau ua kua;
• tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm fluxes;
• ore rov qab.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom

Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov pab pawg hauv qab no yog qhov txawv.

Yooj yim (raws li CaO, MgO thiab FeO):

• oxides - txog 55%;
• alumina - tsis pub dhau 15%.

Acidic (SiO2, TiO2):

• oxides - txog li 45%;
• alumina - tsis pub dhau 20%.

Nruab nrab (Ai2O3, ZnO):

oxides - txog li 47%

Ib qho slag muaj txhuas, magnesium, ntxiv rau manganese, silicon, leej faj thiab qee yam ntxiv .… Nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj nquag, slags tau txais ntau yam kev cai tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv raw no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo - los ntawm lub teeb txho mus rau xim dub, ntshav thiab txawm tias cov xim pearlescent tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub khw. Tag nrho cov ntau yam no yog xav tau hauv kev tsim cov khoom thaiv, kev npaj ntawm cov qhob cib thiab kev ua tiav ntawm lub hauv paus nchuav.

Qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm slags kuj txawv. Nws yuav yog zoo li pob zeb, zoo li plooj (porcelain), thiab tseem muaj vitreous - nws nyob ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Slag melting ntsiab lus ntau ntawm 360 txog 450 ° C. Qhov nqus tshwj xeeb yog kwv yees li 2,7 units.

Slags ntawm txhua hom yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov cua sov zoo zog thiab hnav tsis kam.

Pros thiab cons

Zoo li lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, slags muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hais txog cov txiaj ntsig, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais txog:

• siab tiv thaiv hluav taws - slag tsis hlawv thiab tsis txhawb kev sib txuas;
• lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm siv cov khoom siv no yog 50 xyoo;
• ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw;
• tus nqi ywj pheej piv rau pob zeb, cib thiab ntoo;
• yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa .

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv khoom tseem hais txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw:

• hygroscopicity - slag tsis haum rau ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas muaj nag lossis daus ntau, dej nyab thiab nyob rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov av noo siab;
• lub zog muaj zog - nws cuam tshuam rau kev siv kev sib txuas lus engineering, ua cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm thiab, raws li, raug nqi;
• nce thermal conductivity .

Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm leej faj thiab cov kua qaub hauv cov slags ntau dua li ib txwm muaj. Ntxiv mus, kev ua tiav huab cua ntawm txhua yam tshuaj lom tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab ib xyoos.

Qhov hnyav

Slag yog cov khoom siv loj, nws qhov nqus tshwj xeeb sib xws rau 2, 6-3, 7 grams rau 1 m3 . Kwv yees li tib yam tsis yog qhov raug rau ntau yam ntuj pob zeb. Kev nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom slag:

• rau cinder block - 2-2.5 t / m3;
• rau pob zeb slag - 2, 1-2, 9 t / m3;
• rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb tawg - 1, 1-1, 2 t / m3.

Saib

Metallurgical

Metallurgical slag dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hlau. Muaj peb hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw.

• Granulated - cov slag no yog tsim thaum lub caij txias ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau. Nws tau pom nws daim ntawv thov raws li pob nyiaj siv sib piv ntawm cov ntxhia tsev tsim khoom ntxiv.
• Tsis-granular - slag yog tsim los ntawm huab cua txias ntawm cov hlau pov tseg, lawv txuas ntxiv zom thiab tshuaj ntsuam. Cov khoom siv no yog xav tau raws li muab tub lim rau asphalt qhob hauv kev tsim kho. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom siv tsis-granulated xav tau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thaum muaj cov av deoxidation xav tau.
• Slag puv -cov khoom siv raw no tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, yog li nws tau siv los ua pov thawj suab lossis cov khoom siv cua sov. Nws yog feem ntau siv thaum tsim cov thaiv los ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav ntxeem tau.

Cov nplais hlau yog lub tshuab ua kom tawg, cov hlau sib tsoo, thiab qhib-hearth

• Cov khoom siv tawg tawg rauv tau txais qhov faib ntau tshaj plaws; lawv tau txais thaum tsim cov hlau npua. Los ntawm 1, 6-2 tons ntawm ore thaum ua, 1 tuj ntawm npua hlau thiab li 0.5-0.8 tons ntawm slag tau tsim.
• Hauv cov hlau ua hluav taws kub los ntawm 2-2, 4 tons ntawm ore, 2 tons roj thiab 80 tons dej, 1 tuj ntawm cov hlau thiab 0, 2-0, 3 tons ntawm slag tawm los.
• Hauv cov cub tawg, nrog rau hauv cov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob, qhov tso tawm ntawm cov khoom slag yog 0.2-0.3 tons rau 1 tuj ntawm cov hlau.

Tsawg dua, tsis yog cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau hlau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam . Kev tsim cov hlau zoo li no nyob hauv nws tus kheej yog txheej txheem kim thiab siv zog ntau. Txhawm rau kom tau txais tsuas yog 1 tuj ntawm tooj liab lossis npib tsib xee, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua 200 tons ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, yog li ntawd, qhov ntim ntawm slag hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm 1 tuj ntawm cov hlau no feem ntau nce mus txog 20-25 tons. hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tau pom tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sib txuas uas tawg hauv pob zeb.

Feem ntau, muaj cov hlau oxides nyob hauv lawv tsis tshaj li 4-5%, txhua yam ntxiv tsuas yog cov pob zeb (carbonates, silicates, quartz) . Cov ntaub ntawv raw li dub thiab tsis tawg, lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm 3300 txog 3800 kg rau 1 cubic meter. Qhov ntsuas dej nqus tau yog 0.1-0.6%.

Slags ntawm hom no yog siv rau kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv av lossis cov khoom pov tseg; rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog siv tsawg heev.

Phosphoric

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov tshuaj phosphorus los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob, cov slags tau tsim. Lawv muaj txog li 98% iav, lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv no yog SiO2 thiab CaO … Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub, cov roj hmab tawg, ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj tseem suav nrog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev ua kom cov roj ua kom huv thiab lwm yam ntxiv - qhov no txwv qhov txwv ntawm kev siv cov slags hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias koj xav tau thaiv cov qauv.

Tshauv

Feem ntau, cov roj tau hlawv hauv cov chav, uas cov cua sov tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1300-1700 degrees. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov ntxhia ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv raw tau tso tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov khoom me me tsis ntau tshaj 100 microns hauv qhov loj me, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov tshauv nce mus txog 80%, ua ke nrog cov pa taws tau nqa tawm ntawm lub qhov cub thiab ua cov hmoov tshauv. Ntau qhov loj heev hais daws thiab yaj, tau txais daim iav los yog lumpy daim ntawv - qhov no yog tshauv thiab slag.

Qhov feem pua piv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab tshauv tshauv ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov tshuab tsim khoom . Piv txwv li, hauv cov cub tawg nrog txoj hauv kev tshem tawm cov hmoov tshauv, txog li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov tshauv mus rau hauv cov slag. Hauv cov cub tawg uas muab cov kua tshem tawm cov slag tshuab, txog li 45% hloov pauv mus ua slag. Hauv cov cua daj cua dub, tsim cov slag yog 80-90% ntawm tag nrho cov hmoov tshauv. Tshauv slag tseem hu ua thee thiab thee. Niaj hnub no lawv tau nthuav dav xav tau hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv raw li sib txawv los ntawm lub tshuab ua kom tawg los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov calcium oxide thiab kev nce siab ntawm cov hlau oxide.

Tsis tas li ntawd, pob zeb slag yog alkaline heev.

Tshauv thiab slag yog cov khoom siv dub uas rov ua dua tshiab . Cov xim no yog vim muaj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nyob hauv cov khoom siv raw. Tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv dawb, txiv ntseej, ntsuab thiab xim av. Qhov ntxoov ntxoo nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm oxides; thaum sib tsoo cov slag, cov xuab zeb grey tau txais. Tshauv thiab slag yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom roj:

• thee muaj los ntawm 5 txog 40% slag;
• hauv cov xim av xim av, cov ntsiab lus ntawm slags yog li 15%;
• hauv anthracite - txog li 35%;
• ntoo - txog li 1.5%;
• nyob rau hauv roj roj - tsis ntau tshaj 0.3%;
• hauv cov roj av shale - ntawm 50 txog 80%.

Tseem ceeb: muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov slag, yog li nws muaj qhov txwv qis. Nws siv los ua cov muab tub lim rau phab ntsa thaiv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov nplais rau cov khoom vaj khoom tsev tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.

Nws siv qhov twg?

Kev siv ntawm slags yog dav heev:

• tsim cov pob zeb hnyav nrog lub zog qib B15-B30;
• kev npaj ua tsev sib tov;
• kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv av, cov vaj huam sib luag ua vaj huam sib luag, kab, nrog rau kab teeb, kho kab thiab lwm yam kev txhawb nqa, suav nrog cov uas muaj zog;
• kev tsim vaj tsev thiab vaj tse nyob ib puag ncig;
• tsim cov pob zeb thaiv, paving pob zeb, ntxiv rau paving slabs;
• txhua hom kev tsim kho qis qis (kev tsim kho chaw rau tsheb, cellars thiab kev tsim tawm).

Slag MAAs tau txais kev siv dav; nws tau tsim thaum tawg slag ua ke nrog cov cement. Cov khoom siv no tau lees paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ua tau ntev tshaj plaws thiab ntseeg tau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam.

• Slag qhob yog dav siv hauv kev tsim cov plag tsev hauv tsev rau ntau lub tsev . Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev nce qib ntawm kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov plag tsev, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tsim kho cov tsev nyob.
• Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov slag thiab cov cement yog xav tau hauv kev tsim kho cov hauv paus … Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no yog qhov tsim nyog thaum cov phab ntsa thiab cov ru tsev hauv tsev tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav - cov hauv paus no yuav dhau los ua kev txhawb nqa tag nrho lub tsev.
• Slag MAAs yog xav tau kev txhawb nqa txoj siv tawv hauv ntau lub tsev tsim tsev . Cov khoom siv yog siv los txhawb tus kheej cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev.
• Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg raws cov cement thiab slag yog qhov xav tau hauv kev tsim cov dej ze thiab dej hauv qab … Cov qauv no tau nthuav tawm rau cov dej noo, thiab slag pob zeb ua tiav tau ua tiav zoo li qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo.
• Kev sib xyaw yog siv hauv qee hom kev rwb thaiv tsev cua sov ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab tsev tsim khoom .… Nws siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ke nrog cov cua sov - lawv cov tandem tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm huab cua txias.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tiav thaum siv cov plaster ua haujlwm, nws ib txhij tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab ua rau phab ntsa zoo nkauj dua. Slag qhob yog siv los thaiv lub qab nthab, ru tsev lossis da dej sab nraum.