Ntoo Vaj Huam Sib Luag: Qhov Sib Piv Rau 1 Cubic Meter. Raws Li GOST Rau Kev Ua Cov Khoom Siv Nrog Koj Txhais Tes Hauv Tsev, Daim Ntawv Qhia Rau Kev Sib Xyaw Rau Cov Ntoo Ua Vaj Ts

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Nws tsis nyuaj ua arbolite (ntoo pob zeb) nrog koj txhais tes. Qhov yooj yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tias nws tau ua ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej twg peb yuav tsum hnov qab tias kev tsim khoom ywj pheej ntawm ntoo ua vaj tsev presupposes raws li cov txheej txheem xav tau. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab yam khoom ntawm cov khoom uas tau nthuav tawm muaj, lawv qhov sib piv, thiab daim ntawv qhia tsim khoom.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Ntoo qhob yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav, cov qauv uas suav nrog cov ntoo ntoo (txhoov), cov cement zoo, tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv thiab dej. Qhov xav tau cov tshuaj ntxiv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tsev tau cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb tias hauv cov khoom siv organic nws yuav tsum tau ua kom cov qib polysaccharide seem txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau sib tsoo thiab cement, thiab tseem txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntxiv ua tiav cov khoom siv hauv tsev, xws li cellularity, yuam kom tawv, muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov khoom pov tseg no tau lees paub los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev tsim cov ntoo ua vaj tsev. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov teeb meem no yog ua los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev siv ntoo.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntoo ua vaj tsev yog cov ntoo pov tseg los ntawm cov rooj tog thiab cov tuam tsev ntoo, los ntawm qhov uas tau tawg ua tej daim ntawm qhov xav tau loj tau txais raws li qhov tshwm sim. Cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis ntawm ntoo ua vaj tsev nyob ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv. Nrog rau calcium chloride, nws tuaj yeem yog iav dej, aluminium sulfate, cov kua qaub, lawv ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhim kho arboblocks thiab ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv rau lawv.

Cov txheej txheem tsis ntawm cov ntoo ua vaj tsev, hauv cov qauv uas muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv (chips los ntawm pov tseg), yog raws li hauv qab no

• Qhov nruab nrab ntom. 400-850 kg / m3.
• Compression kuj. 0.5-1.0 hli
• Kev tawg ua haujlwm. 0.7-1.0 MPa.
• Thermal conductivity ntawm ntoo qhob. 0, 008-0, 17 W / (m * s).
• Frost tsis kam. 25-50 mus.
• Kev nqus dej noo: 40-85%.
• Kev cog lus. 0.4-0.5%.
• Qib ntawm biostability. Pawg V.
• Refractoriness. 0.75-1.50 teev
• Suab haum. 0, 17-0, 80 126-2000 Hz.

Sib xyaw

Zoo li txhua lub pob zeb, cov khoom muaj cov ntawv nplaum thiab cov muab tub lim - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organic, nrog rau txhua yam tshuaj ntxiv. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav. Organic additives muab arbolite lub suab tseem ceeb heev thiab cov cua sov yam ntxwv.

Hais txog lub zog, cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog siv tsis muaj qhov phem dua li cov pob zeb uas muaj qhov sib xws tsis sib xws. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov zoo tau txais tsuas yog xaiv qhov raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw.

Tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv

Maas muaj cov nplaum qis heev rau ntoo vim tias muaj ntau yam polysaccharides thiab suab thaj hauv nws. Polysaccharides, pom lawv tus kheej hauv qhov nruab nrab alkaline, xws li cov cement sib tov, vim los ntawm txheej txheem decomposition, dhau los ua cov dej qab zib yooj yim yooj yim, uas suav tias yog "cov neeg tua neeg ua vaj tsev". Txhua cov suab thaj uas yaj tau, ib zaug hauv cov kua aqueous ntawm cov cement, rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem tshuaj hnyav, cov nyhuv uas yuav tsum yog pob zeb ua tiav.

Qhov ntau polysaccharides hauv dej, tsawg dua qhov astringent tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv pob zeb hauv lub sijhawm xav tau. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kev ua no yuav tsis yog monolithic, tab sis lub pob zeb xoob ua los ntawm cov cement. Nws tsis muaj lub zog siab thiab tsis tuaj yeem khi ntoo ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.

Tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam qhov no - ntxuav tawm cov suab thaj los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo; rau qhov no, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv tau siv hauv dej rhaub. Cov reactants no suav nrog:

• txhuas sulfate;
• potassium thiab (lossis) sodium silicate (kua iav);
• calcium chloride;
• slaked txiv qaub.

Cov khoom xyaw organic

Ntau hom khoom siv raw siv los ua ntoo ntxiv. Tsis yog txhua lub ntoo ntoo yog qhov tsim nyog raws li cov khoom siv raw - koj yuav tsum tsis txhob koom nrog cov ntoo ua vaj nrog cov pob zeb ua sawdust. Qhov tseeb GOST qhia meej txog qhov ntev thiab cov duab ntawm kev suav nrog sib xyaw ua vaj ntoo.

Crushed ntoo yog tsim los ntawm crushing illiquid ntoo - pob, pob zeb, saum, thiab lwm yam. Los tsim cov ntoo ua vaj tsev, cov khoom tawg yog siv: ntev - 15-20 millimeters - tsis ntau dua 40 mm, dav - 10 mm thiab tuab 2-3 mm. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, kev sib tsoo yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Xyaum qhia tau hais tias txhawm rau kom tau txais kev pom zoo hauv kev tsim khoom, cov ntoo tawg ua pob zeb yuav tsum muaj kev teeb tsa ntawm koob thiab me dua hauv nws qhov ntsuas: qhov ntev tsis tshaj 25 hli, qhov dav yog 5-10 hli, thiab qhov tuab yog 3-5 hli

Cov kab hauv qab yog ntoo tsis nqus cov dej noo sib npaug thoob thiab ua raws cov fibers, thiab cov lus saum toj no sib npaug qhov sib txawv no.

• Tsis yog txhua tsob ntoo tsim nyog rau kev sib tsoo: koj tuaj yeem siv ntoo thuv, tsob ntoo Christmas, aspen, beech, birch, tab sis larch ntoo tsis haum. Ua ntej siv, ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pwm lossis pwm.
• Cov tawv ntoo tawg thiab tsob ntoo Christmas tsob ntoo tuaj yeem siv tau. Tab sis lawv qhov feem pua qis dua: cov tawv ntoo tuaj yeem tsis ntau dua 10% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom, thiab tsob ntoo Christmas tsob ntoo - tsis pub ntau tshaj 5%.
• Cov nplej nplej, lignified cannabis thiab cov noob flax, thiab cov paj rwb lignified kuj tseem ua cov khoom siv raw. Lawv raug tsoo: qhov ntev tsis tshaj 40 hli, qhov dav yog 2-5 hli. Fleece (pov tseg los ntawm kev ntxuav cov khoom siv fibrous) thiab hemp, yog tias suav nrog hauv qhov sib xyaw, yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5% los ntawm qhov hnyav. GOST 19222-84 tswj hwm cov kev txwv ntawm cov feem uas tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tsoo ntau hom khoom siv raw. Thiab txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, nws raug txwv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv raw.

Flax muaj qhov sib txuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab thaj, uas, nkag mus rau hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov cement, rhuav tshem nws. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, ntu lignified ntawm cov noob paj noob hlis tau pib tsau rau hauv cov txiv qaub slaked rau 1-2 hnub lossis khaws cia sab nraum rau 3-4 lub hlis.

Inorganic tshuaj

Cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no yog cementitious hauv arbolite:

• Portland MAAs yog cov khoom siv qub, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog;
• Portland MAAs nrog cov ntsiab lus pabcuam hauv pob zeb - raws li txoj cai, txoj hauv kev no ua rau kom khov tiv taus ntawm cov thaiv;
• sulfate-resistant cement, sib nrug los ntawm pozzolanic, lav tau tiv taus cov tshuaj txhoj puab heev;
• Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm GOST, tsuas yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau: tsis pub tsawg dua 300 (qhov no siv rau cov cua sov ua kom sov ntoo ua vaj tsev) lossis tsis tsawg dua 400 (rau cov qauv).

Dej

GOST tswj hwm qhov ntsuas dej huv, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv siv qhov sib txawv - los ntawm cov hauv paus dej hauv dej, qhov dej, qhov dej. Cov dej kub tau txiav txim siab txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov ntoo zoo. Nws yog sib xyaw rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov khoom pabcuam.

Txhawm rau kom cov tshuaj hnyav ua kom zoo dua, cov dej ua kom sov tsawg kawg +15 C xav tau. Tam sim no nyob ib puag ncig +7 +8 C, cov cement ua kom hnyav npaum li cas.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke

Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj khib ntxiv rau 1 m3 ntawm cov pob zeb ntoo nrog peb tus kheej tes. Rau qhov kev xaiv, calcium chloride ntxiv rau txhuas sulfate rau 1 cu.m ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau npaj ua: 500 kg ntawm Portland MAAs M400, tib qhov nyiaj los ntawm qhov hnyav lossis ntau dua cov chips, 6.5 kg ntawm txhua hom tshuaj, kwv yees li 300 liv dej. Yog tias koj yuav siv cov txiv qaub nrog iav dej, qhov sib faib yuav yog 9 ntxiv rau 2.5 kg, txhua yam uas sib npaug.

Kom pom meej, nws tsis tas yuav siv cov ntxhuav, koj tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim ntawm 1 cubic meter. m cov piv txwv no rau sib tov hauv thoob ntawm 10 liv:

• xis mas - 80;
• qhuav dos - 160;
• fillers - calcium thiab chlorine me ntsis ntau dua ib nrab ntawm lub thoob;
• aluminium oxide - ntu thib peb.

Sib tov tag nrho cov no, peb tau txais me ntsis ntxiv 1m3 ntawm cov ntoo nyoos ntoo, thiab tom qab tamping thiab teeb nws hauv daim ntawv ua haujlwm - 1m3 ntawm ntoo qhob ntawm qib 25.

Kev kho ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg

Yog tias koj siv qib sib txawv ntawm cov cement, tom qab ntawd qhov sib piv tau suav nrog kev qhia txog qhov sib piv: rau M300 nws yuav yog 1.05, rau M500 - 0.96, rau M600 - 0.93. Yeej xws li tsis tshua muaj neeg. Hauv qhov no, nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li qib ntawm cov av noo - ntxiv me me. Txhawm rau suav qhov ntim ntxiv, peb suav qhov hnyav saum toj no los ntawm qhov sib npaug suav raws li qhov feem pua ntawm cov dej noo sib faib los ntawm 100%.

Daim ntawv qhia

Ntau cov zaub mov txawv rau ua cov ntoo monolithic nrog lawv tus kheej tes hauv tsev tau xyaum. Hauv qee qhov zaub mov txawv, ntoo tau npaj thiab ua tiav, hauv lwm qhov, cov tshuaj lom neeg tau sib xyaw. Raws li ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev, cov khoom tawg tau so hauv cov txiv qaub (80 kg ntawm cov txiv qaub rau 1 m3 ntawm ntoo), tom qab ntawd nyem tawm. Tom qab ntawd nphoo rau saum nrog cov txiv maj phaub hmoov (80 kg), do, qib, qhuav thiab ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, lawv tau tshem ntawm cov ntoo sucrose, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo monolithic zoo.

Fiddling nrog crushed shredding, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd nyob rau hauv tag nrho, yog ib txoj haujlwm theej siv sijhawm uas xav tau chaw. Hauv qhov no, kev siv calcium chloride lossis aluminium sulphate yuav dhau los ua txoj hauv kev nrawm ntawm kev ua ntoo ua vaj tsev. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom tawg tuaj yeem tsis kho, tab sis nws yuav zoo dua yog tias koj cia nws zaum sab nraum, hauv nag thiab tshav rau ob peb hlis. Yog tias ua tau, tsau nws hauv dej, thiab ua kom qhuav ntawm qhov ua ntej npaj cov tshuaj. So thiab kho tsuas yog kev npaj ua ntu zus ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, tso cai rau koj tshem me ntsis qab zib.

Nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj sib xyaw ntoo ntoo, calcium chloride lossis aluminium sulphate tau sib xyaw hauv - 2-5% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov cement. Yog li dab tsi yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv rau ntoo ua vaj tsev 2% lossis 5%? Nws nyob ntawm qib thiab nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cement. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib qib (piv txwv, M500) tsuas yog los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov yam ntxwv zoo. Hauv qhov no, nws raug qhia kom ua qhov kev sim ua.

Yog tias, thaum ntxiv cov tshuaj calcium chloride, 5% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv cementitious, cov ntsev ntsev dawb tshwm rau ntawm cov khoom tawv tawv (ua kom tawg, ua kom tawg), tom qab ntawd qhov feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau txo. Qhov sib piv pes tsawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov ntoo ua vaj tsev tsis muaj nyob. Nws yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ib leeg ntawm nws tus kheej raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cement thiab tsoo siv.

Qee tus neeg tsis xav kom cuam tshuam nrog xaiv qhov sib piv ntawm calcium chloride. Thiab, kom cov dej ntws tawm tsis tshwm sim, sodium silicate tau sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, 2% calcium chloride thiab 3% sodium silicate los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov cement. Tab sis sodium silicate yog tus nqi kim heev, hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov pheej yig dua rau feem ntau ua ob peb qhov kev xeem thiab nrhiav pom qhov sib piv ntawm calcium chloride. Txhawm rau muab ntau yam khoom ntxiv rau arbolite, kev siv slaked thiab nrawm, kua iav, txhuas sulfate, calcium tau siv.