Pob Zeb Ua Lub Npe Rau Thaj Chaw Dig Muag: Yuav Tsum Muaj Cov Cement Dab Tsi Rau Qhov Chaw Dig Muag Nyob Ib Puag Ncig Lub Tsev Ntiag Tug? Qhov Twg Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Los Siv Txhawm R

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 13:51

Qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam - tshwj xeeb npog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev, uas yog siv txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub neej muaj sia nyob ntawm cov tsev. Qhov chaw dig muag tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus los ntawm cov dej yaj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov chaw dig muag tuaj yeem siv ua kev taug kev nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev. Kev ntseeg tau thiab nyab xeeb ntawm lub hauv paus yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm thaj chaw dig muag, yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav tsim, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas ntseeg tau.

Peculiarities

Feem ntau, cov cement lossis cov pob zeb tau siv los ntawm qhov chaw dig muag thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws.

Cov chaw dig muag tsis pub cov dej ntws hla mus rau lub hauv paus . Raws li, lub hauv paus yuav ib txwm qhuav, noo noo yuav tsis ua rau xeb, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov qauv yuav nce ntxiv.

Yog tias dej nkag mus rau lub hauv paus, nws yuav tig mus ua dej khov thaum lub caij ntuj no. Cov dej khov nthuav dav, ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev puas tsuaj, thiab lub tsev tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj . Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw dig muag tau teeb tsa yam tsis ua tiav nyob ib puag ncig txhua lub tsev.

Rau kev teeb tsa thaj chaw zoo thiab ruaj khov, qhov tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau siv, hloov pauv rau huab cua hloov pauv.

Kev xav tau dav

Qhov chaw dig muag teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem tso siv pob zeb nrog qib qis kawg ntawm lub zog. Xws li cov screeds tsis tas yuav tsim los rau qhov hnyav tag nrho. Txawm hais tias qhov chaw dig muag feem ntau ua raws txoj kev taug kev, yuav tsis muaj neeg taug kev ntau thiab cov tsheb nyob ntawm lawv, uas txhais tau hais tias lub nra ntawm cov qauv tau xav tias tsawg heev. Raws li SNiP cov cai, kev tsim kom raug ntawm qhov chaw dig muag yuav tsum muaj qhov dav xav tau thiab qee qhov tuab ntawm cov cement txheej ntawm cov screed.

Xav txog peb txoj cai rau sab nrauv sab nrauv

1. Qhov chaw dig muag yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tiv taus ya raws zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv uas hla dej zoo tsis haum rau ntawm no.
2. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev sib xyaw ua ke rau tso thaj tsam qhov muag tsis pom yog tiv taus qhov kub thiab huab cua hloov pauv.
3. Cov qauv ua vaj tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg taug kev thiab tsheb.

Ua ntej xam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tov, cov yam ntxwv uas lub screed yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account:

• tiv taus kub heev;
• waterproofness;
• ruaj ntseg;
• lub zog

Qhov zoo dua qhov zoo no, qhov kev ua neej nyob ntev ntawm thaj chaw dig muag yuav dhau mus.

Xaiv hom

GOST 7473-94 (9128-97) yog daim ntawv yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm thaum xaiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Cov ntawv no nthuav tawm txhua tus yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo uas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau ua.

Ib lub npe yog qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev sib zog.

Yog tias koj xaiv lub npe ntawm cov pob zeb ua rau muab qhov chaw dig muag rau vaj tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej nws yuav siv:

• huab cua zoo thiab av zoo nyob hauv qhov chaw tsim kho yav tom ntej;
• kwv yees thauj khoom ntawm tus qauv ntawm thaj chaw dig muag.

Thaum tsim cov chaw dig muag rau vaj tsev nyob sab nraum lub nroog, cov sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum ua tau raws qee qhov qauv:

• tiv taus te hnyav heev (qhov ntsuas qis tshaj) - F150;
• tso cai qib zog - B15;
• qhob sib tov qib - M200.

Cov ntaub ntawv no tau txiav txim siab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv yog siv rau kev teeb tsa tus ntaiv, cov plag tsev, cov hauv paus ruaj khov, cov kauj ruam.

Thaum diluting cov tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem hliv cov cement ntawm M400 (500) hom rau hauv.

Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm cov av hnyav, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem muaj zog thiab lwm yam ntxwv tau nce los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus.

Thaum tsim nyob hauv thaj tsam uas muaj huab cua tsis ruaj khov thiab hloov pauv huab cua sai, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov tshuaj cug uas siv pob zeb ntawm M250 hom . Cov pob zeb muaj zog nruab nrab feem ntau yog siv rau kev teeb tsa me me lossis rau kev siv laj kab. Cov khoom siv tiv taus xeb, kub heev thiab tawg.

Cov hom muaj zog ntawm qib qib M300 (400) yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim tsev pheeb suab, cov tsev siab thiab ua haujlwm . Cov tuam tsev loj feem ntau ntsib kev co los ntawm cua lossis tsheb loj.

Yog li ntawd, qib qis lub zog tsis haum rau kev tsim cov tsev zoo li no - lub tsev yuav tawg sai.

Txhawm rau suav qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw rau tso thaj tsam qhov muag tsis pom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv: dav, ntev thiab tuab.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, kev tso me me ntawm cov qhob cib raug tso cai. Yog li, qhov nce ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm 15% yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv kev suav tag nrho.

Hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb ntawm ntau qib, npaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw dig muag, kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:

• txog 3 ntu yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej sieved xuab zeb;
• 1 feem - muab tub lim, feem ntau yog pob zeb tawg;
• txog 0.5 feem yog dej;
• 1 feem yog xis mas.

Tus nqi ntawm cov kua yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm tus kheej ib feem ntawm cov muab tub lim. Cov pob zeb loj dua, cov kua tsawg koj xav tau ntxiv rau qhov sib tov.

Txiav txim los ntawm cov lej no thiab suav tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd 1 m³ ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav xav tau:

• 840 kg ntawm cov xuab zeb qhuav (ntxuav cov xuab zeb tsis muaj av nplaum tso);
• 280 kg ntawm qib siab cement M400 (cov khoom muaj zog dua, nws yuav tsawg dua)
• 1400 kg ntawm pob zeb tawg los yog lwm yam muab tub lim (nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov pob zeb zeb zeb zeb zeb nrog lub taub 5-10 hli);
• txog 200 liv dej.

Yog tias, thaum sib tov M200 daws, siv M300 Portland MAAs, tom qab ntawd qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv yuav muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• 3, 7 feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg lossis lwm cov muab tub lim;
• 1,9 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb;
• Ntu 1 yuav suav nrog Portland cement.

Nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov khoom siv hydrophobic ntawm cov qauv yog tias cov yas tau ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuaj tov, lossis xaiv polypropylene fiber rau cov laj thawj no.

Txoj kev daws teeb meem ua tiav yuav tsum yog homogeneous. Tsuas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem no haum rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw dig muag rau cov tsev ntiag tug. Yuav tsum tsis muaj lumps hauv qhov sib xyaw, thiab qhov sib xws yuav tsum zoo li lub khob noom cookie tuab. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov kev sib xws, thiab npaj cov kev daws teeb meem kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv cov kab hauv qab no:

1. nchuav dej rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke;
2. nchuav cov cement rau hauv qhov me me, tig lub pob zeb tov khoom - cov tshuaj yuav tsum sib tov sib luag;
3. thaum lub teeb ua npuas tshwm rau ntawm qhov sib xyaw, koj tuaj yeem hliv rau hauv cov muab tub lim;
4. tom qab ntxiv pob zeb tsoo, cov xuab zeb qhuav sifted ua ntej yog nchuav rau hauv cov tshuaj;
5. thaum kawg peb ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv;
6. theem kawg hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj yuav tsum sib tov sib xyaw - cov tshuaj yuav tsum tawv me ntsis thiab zoo li tuab qaub cream.

Puas tuaj yeem siv cov pob zeb permeability qis?

Thaum nchuav qhov chaw dig muag nyob ib ncig ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom nkag siab tias kev siv cov qib pob zeb ua ke nrog qhov ntsuas qis yog fraught nrog. Ib qib qis qhia tias pob zeb yuav tsis tiv taus qhov hloov pauv kub, yuav tsis tiv taus te khov heev, thiab dej noo yuav nkag mus rau hauv. Cov qib qis dua ntawm qhov sib xyaw, qhov tsis ruaj tsis khov rau huab cua hloov pauv.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum nws los nag ntau thiab cov daus yaj, cov dej noo ntau ua rau hauv av . Hauv lub caij ntuj no, qhov dej khov no khov, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm thaj chaw dig muag thiab txawm tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv. Yog tias dej nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw dig muag thiab khov nrog qhov tuaj txog ntawm huab cua txias, tom qab ntawd cov dej noo yuav pib tig mus rau hauv cov nplais, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov pob zeb tau tawg sai sai, ua npog nrog cov kab nrib pleb me me.

Tias yog vim li cas qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv huab cua thiab huab cua hloov pauv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv qib ua vaj tsev rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug. Qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv ya raws yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov khoom kim.

Piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm M400 qib yuav luag 1.5 npaug siab dua tus nqi ntawm cov qhob ntawm qib qis - M100 . Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv tom kawg yog qhov ruaj khov thiab zoo tshaj rau kev taug txoj kev thiab txhim kho cov tsev uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav.

Rau qhov chaw qhov muag tsis pom, nws tsuas yog siv tsis tau los yuav cov khoom ntawd.

Yuav ua li cas nce?

Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej noo ntawm cov qauv, cov neeg sawv cev xws li "Penetron" thiab "Aquatron" feem ntau siv . Cov khoom no tau tsim los muab qib siab dua ntawm cov dej noo tiv taus rau saum npoo. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev ua vaj tse thiab tsim tshwj xeeb sib xyaw uas tsis yaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis thaiv qhov hws ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke, yam tsis cuam tshuam nrog huab cua huab cua sib pauv ntawm cov khoom.