Refractory Cib (44 Duab): Qhov Loj Thiab Hnyav Ntawm Cov Xim Liab Uas Tiv Tshav Kub Raws Li Tus Qauv, SB 5 Hnyav Npaum Li Cas

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov cib zoo li qub tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho txhua yam thiab cov qauv. Yog li, rau kev tsim cov qhov cub lossis lub qhov cub, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom, nws yog kev coj ua siv tsis yog tus qauv, tab sis tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas tsis ntshai kub siab.

Hnub no peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv no kom zoo thiab nrhiav seb lawv muaj yam ntxwv zoo li cas.

Nta thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cib yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws thiab cov tsev uas muaj ntau yam zoo. Cov tsev cib zoo nkauj tau pom nyob rau yuav luag txhua txoj kev, yog li qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam yog qhov tsis ntseeg.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cib tsis haum rau txhua txoj haujlwm.

Hauv qhov kub thiab txias, cov cib ib txwm tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo thiab deform / tawg. Ntawm no nws yog kev coj ua tig mus rau qhov ua tau zoo dua thiab hnav-tiv taus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas nyob rau qhov xwm txheej ntawd yuav tsis plam nws cov khoom zoo. Hmoov zoo, niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom zoo li no hauv ntau lub khw muag khoom.

Cov cua kub-tiv taus cib yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws thaum kho cov hauv paus uas tiv thaiv qhov qhib nplaim taws. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus no tau siv thaum nws yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm cov qhov rooj hauv tsev, cov kav cua, cov qhov cub lossis cov kav dej. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tso cov cib (hauv ob sab phlu) no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov kws txawj ua txuj ci.

Ntau yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cib ua hluav taws xob sib txawv heev los ntawm cov pob zeb ceramic lossis silicate. Cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog av nplaum. Cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no yog ntau yam tsis huv thiab tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv no tau pom los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv khaws lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo txawm tias nyob hauv kev ua ib txwm ua ntawm qhov kub siab.

Cov cib ua hluav taws kub zoo yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam. Vim li no, cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm nws qhov ua tau zoo.

Thaum xaiv cov cib ua kom tsis haum, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag me me lossis puas rau ntawm nws qhov chaw. Qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rau txim tsis zoo, piv txwv li, ua rau lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, qhov tseeb no ua rau siv nyiaj tsis tsim nyog.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom uas cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha no yog cov hauv qab no

• Cov khoom no yog tus yam ntxwv ua kom muaj cua sov tsawg. Vim qhov ua tau zoo no, qhov yuav tsum tau tswj hwm qhov kub ib txwm nyob hauv cov khoom siv cua sov.
• Xws li lub cib tsis ntshai tiv nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cua sov, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis poob lawv qhov zoo thiab tsis poob.
• Tsis tas li, cov cib no yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov muaj cua sov inertia. Nws ua kom sov nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, thiab txias dua qeeb.
• Cov cib ua hluav taws kub yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom sov tau zoo, uas txaus rau kev khaws cov cua sov thiab nws hloov mus ntxiv.
• Cov cua kub uas tiv taus cua sov tsis ntshai cua kub, hlau lossis slags. Tsis yog txhua lub tsev tsim khoom tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov khoom zoo li no.
• Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem tsis hloov pauv. Lawv tsis raug rau shrinkage lossis kev loj hlob ntxiv.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws tau ua raws li GOST thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no yog ua raws qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov av nplaum ua kom tsis haum. Feem ntau nws siv li ntawm 70% ntawm tag nrho cov cib ntim.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov thaiv nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem molding, qee hom tshuaj ntxiv tau siv, xws li:

• coke zoo;
• graphite;
• ntxhib quartz hmoov.

Refractory cib raug tsim los siv cov txheej txheem ib nrab qhuav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv raw uas tsim nyog tau npaj ua ntej, cov av nplaum tau ua tib zoo zom thiab kneaded. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi raug qhia. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau coj mus rau homogeneous sib xws. Lub sijhawm no, dej tau ntxiv rau nws (tsis ntau dua 10%). Cov khoom siv no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev daws teeb meem kom tau txais cov dej noo kom tsim nyog.

Cov qoob loo tau muab pauv mus rau lub raj tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg raug xa mus rau lub tshuab xa rov qab thiab tawm mus. Thaum cov khoom tsim, lawv feem ntau mus ncaj nraim rau hauv qab ntawm cov pwm, uas nqes mus nrog cov ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, ib nrab ntawm cov xovxwm qis qis rau ntawm cov cib. Cov zaub mov raug nias kom nws dhau los ua ntom ntom.

Cov punch qis, thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, nyem lub cib tawm ntawm cov pwm. Lub sijhawm no, lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub tshuab xa khoom txav mus rau qhov kub ntawm 1000 degrees. Yog tias cov cib ua tau raws li cov thev naus laus zis no, tom qab ntawd lawv tsis tas yuav qhuav, yog li lawv siv sijhawm tsawg los npaj lawv. Ib qho ntxiv, cov txheej txheem piav qhia yog pheej yig dua li yas molding.

Pros thiab cons

Cov cib hluav taws xob, zoo li lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, muaj ob sab zoo thiab tsis zoo.

Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog qhov zoo:

• feem ntau, cov khoom lag luam yog lub teeb yuag, yog li nws yooj yim los ua haujlwm nrog lawv;
• yog cov ruaj khov - lawv nyuaj heev rau kev puas tsuaj lossis tawg;
• tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab heev;
• sib txawv hauv cov peev txheej cua sov thiab cua sov inertia;
• tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg;
• zam kev hloov pauv kub yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim;
• tsis ntshai ntawm yam tsis zoo sab nraud;
• muaj lub ntsej muag ntxim nyiam thiab xim sib txawv, piv txwv li, dawb lossis liab (cov nyiam tshaj plaws xaiv).

Tam sim no nws tsim nyog paub koj tus kheej nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom no:

• lawv yog qhov nyuaj rau kev txiav thiab sawn, vim tias lawv tau ua los ntawm qhov muaj zog ntxiv;
• muaj tus nqi ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam txheem.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Niaj hnub nimno cov cua kub uas tiv taus cua sov muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, uas koj yuav tsum paub zoo txog koj tus kheej yog tias koj yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev no.

Xav txog cov npe ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob hauv cov cib no

• Qib qis ntawm kev ua kom sov - ua tsaug rau hom cib no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kub uas xav tau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov cua sov.
• Kev tiv thaiv tshav kub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no. Cov cib uas tiv taus cua sov tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub tshaj 1500 degrees.
• Cov cib ua hluav taws xob niaj hnub no tsis ntshai cov tshuaj txhoj puab heev.
• Cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws tawm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nrog qhov ntev hauv qab no: 23 x 6.5 x 6.5 cm, 230 x 114 x 75 mm, 230 x 114 x 40 mm, 250 x 124 x 65 mm thiab 345 x 150 x 75 mm. Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov npe teev tsis tau tso cai, tab sis tsawg heev. Piv txwv li, cov tuab ntawm cov cib tuaj yeem sib txawv tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 hli, ntev - txog 5 hli, dav - txog 3 hli.
• Cov cua sov ua kom sov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsawg heev.

Saib

Tsis txhob xav tias cov cua kub uas tiv taus cua sov tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv tsawg. Niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau hom khoom zoo sib xws ntawm kev muag. Cia peb ua tibzoo saib ntawm cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws thiab xav tau cov khoom thiab lawv cov khoom.

Qhov yooj yim ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv no suav nrog cov hauv qab no

Lub cib loj … Cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub npe no tau siv ua ke nrog cov kua qaub-magnesia. Siv hauv kev tsim cov hlau.

Cov pa roj carbonaceous … Hom khoom siv no feem ntau ua raws lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Quartz … Cov kev xaiv no muaj cov khoom siv xws li quartz thiab xuab zeb. Lub pob zeb tshwj xeeb tsis tsim los kom nyob ib sab nrog lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Kev zam rau txoj cai no yog hlau, hluav taws. Ib qho alkali muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau quartz cib.

Alumina … Cov cib no suav tias yog qhov feem ntau. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus kub ntawm 1000 txog 1300 degrees. Alumina blocks muaj npe nrov rau lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub hloov pauv yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv raw no tau siv hauv kev tsim cov qhov cub (ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam) thiab chav sib txuas.

Klinovoy … Cov cib tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog tsim nrog qhov ntev ntawm 300x300x300 mm. Feem ntau cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Nws dais tus cim ShTsU.

Ib nrab acidic … Cov cib tshwj xeeb tau tsim nrog cim PB. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws raug txwv rau 1670 degrees Celsius. Raws li rau porosity ntawm cov khoom ib nrab acidic, nws yog 24%. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov khoom no txawv ntawm 14 txog 28%.

Magnesite … Magnesite cib khav theeb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Thaum lub sijhawm lawv tsim khoom, cov khoom siv xws li magnesite raug rho tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (1500-1600 degrees). Raws li qhov ua tiav, cov khoom muaj zog thiab tiv taus cua sov tau txais, uas tau tso cai siv hauv kev lag luam.

Lub teeb yuag … Lub cib hnyav yog tsis nrov dua niaj hnub no. Qhov hnav-tiv taus thiab cov khoom siv tau yooj yim zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom hnyav thiab hnyav dua. Yeej, cov ntaub ntawv nyoos li no tau siv rau kev tsim cov evaporators, lub qhov cua, lub rhaub dej kub thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim los ua haujlwm nrog nws, vim nws hnyav me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib piv nrog analogues.

Ntxiv rau cov uas tau teev tseg, muaj lwm yam khoom me me ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws uas tiv taus, piv txwv:

• silica;
• txhuas silicate;
• mullite;
• dinas;
• corundum thiab lwm tus.

Hom nrov

Txhua lub cib hluav taws kub hnyiab tau cim raws li lawv cov khoom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, thawj tsab ntawv hauv lub npe tsim lub npe thiab qee yam khoom lag luam. Yog tias qhov no yog tsab ntawv "Ш", tom qab ntawd lub pob zeb yog chamotte, yog "D" - dinas, thiab yog "M" - mullite.

Raws li rau tsab ntawv thib ob hauv qhov cim ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv cua sov, nws tau tsim los qhia qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas lub pob zeb tau tsim. Piv txwv li, nrov tshaj plaws yog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• TSHAJ, TSHUAJ 1400;
• SB 1350;
• TSI, SHV 1250;
• PB (hom kab mob acidic) 1250;
• NPE 1250.

Qhov ntsuas tsis sib thooj ntawm cov cua kub uas tiv taus cua sov tau lees paub los ntawm cov npe digital uas ua ntej thawj ob tsab ntawv teev npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv, cov khoom SHA 5 yog tsim nrog qhov ntev ntawm 230x114x65 mm, thiab cov khoom cim nrog SHA 8 muaj qhov ntev ntawm 250x124x65 mm.

Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam cim ШБ 22, uas muaj cov duab trapezoidal. Lawv qhov ntsuas tsis pub dhau mus txog 230x114x65x55 mm. Tom qab cov npe digital hauv tus cim, muaj cov ntawv sau uas sawv cev rau cov ntawv luv ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim cov khoom lag luam.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov cib ua hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub luag haujlwm, vim tias cov haujlwm tseem ceeb heev tau muab rau nws. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav tsum sib koom ua ke ib sab ntawm qhov kub thiab qee zaum qhib nplaim taws.

Thaum xaiv cov cib ua hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv qab no

• Qhov loj, hnyav … Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xaiv cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Nws raug nquahu kom suav cov khoom koj xav tau ua ntej yuav khoom. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav lawv nrog cov npoo me me, yog li kom tsis txhob ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
• Hom … Ntawm lub ntim nrog cov cib, cov khoom lag luam uas lawv koom nrog ib txwm tau qhia. Lub cim no tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, vim nws yuav vam khom nws seb cov khoom haum rau qee yam haujlwm lossis tsis yog.
• Cib zoo … Ib qho ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cib uas tiv taus hluav taws. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm nws, txwv tsis pub cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav tsis dhau los ua qhov muaj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tu siab ntau.
• Cov pores … Refractory cib yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov hws ntau hauv cov qauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua kom cov hygroscopicity ntawm cov blocks, uas yog qhov tsis xav tau rau qhov cub. Vim yog qhov ua tau zoo hygroscopicity, lub pob zeb tuaj yeem hla kev tawg thiab hloov pauv, thiab nrog rau qhov no tag nrho cov qauv yuav tawg.

• Nto … Ua tib zoo saib ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws uas tiv taus. Yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov pom kev pom ntawm nws. Yog tias ib tus tseem pom, tom qab ntawv qhov no yuav qhia tau tias cov khoom ua haujlwm tau kub dhau thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
• Suab … Tsis yog txhua tus neeg siv khoom paub tias qhov zoo ntawm cov cib tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm lub suab uas los ntawm nws thaum tsoo. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom, maj mam coj mus rhaub nws, piv txwv li, nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Lub suab los ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tawm kom meej thiab sonorous. Yog tias nws lag ntseg, nws zoo dua yog tsis kam yuav cov khoom siv ntawd.
• Xim … Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias nws qhov zoo tsis yog nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm cov cua kub uas tiv taus cua sov. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem muaj yuav luag txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo, piv txwv li, beige, daj, liab lossis beige. Txhua yam uas xav tau ntawm koj yog yuav ib pawg uas txhua lub cib yuav muaj xim zoo ib yam. Yog tias nyob hauv kab lus yam tsawg 1 daim hloov los ua cov xim sib txawv, tom qab ntawd nws yuav sawv tawm tsam qhov dav dav.
• Ib lub khw … Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom yuav cov cib refractory tsuas yog hauv cov khw muag khoom pov thawj uas muaj lub koob npe zoo hauv nroog ntawm koj lub tsev.

Nws raug nquahu kom nug tus muag khoom rau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo rau cov khoom xaiv. Yog tias koj raug tsis pom zoo nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam yuav lub cib - nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.

Yuav txiav li cas?

Ntau tus neeg siv xav tsis thoob tias nws tuaj yeem txiav cov cib ua hluav taws xob zoo li cas. Thiab lo lus nug no muaj feem cuam tshuam heev, vim tias cov khoom siv no ruaj khov heev thiab tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav.

Piv txwv li, cov cua sov uas tiv taus cua sov cib feem ntau raug txiav siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb.

Nws kuj tseem tso cai tig mus rau lub tshuab zom nrog cov pob zeb diamond uas tau faib ua ntu. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej no tsis muaj lub tshuab ua kom txias.

Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev muab cov cib tso rau hauv lub tank ntim nrog dej ua ntej txog 20 feeb. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, lawv yuav yooj yim rau txheej txheem, zoo li yog siv lub cuab yeej nrog cov kua dej siv.

Lub tswv yim pab tau

Siv tsuas yog cov cib hluav taws xob zoo uas muaj qhov ntev zoo tagnrho. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom no tau tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 8691-73. Thov nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog qhov sib txawv me me los ntawm tus qauv raug tso cai.

Nco ntsoov tias cov cua kub uas tiv taus cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tuaj yeem siv feem ntau hauv cov qhov rooj hauv tsev, cov khoom siv sib txuas hauv tsev, lossis cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa. Xws li ntau yam feem ntau tsuas yog siv thaum nws los txog rau cov chaw tsim khoom.

Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib lub qhov cub lossis lub qhov cub hauv lub tsev uas muaj cov cib ua hluav taws kub, ces koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob qij txha qub. Yog tias lawv qhuav, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav, txwv tsis pub qhov ua tiav tom qab tuaj yeem txav deb ntawm lub hauv paus.

Nco ntsoov - thaum ntog, cov nplaim hluav taws kub zoo yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg. Nws yuav tsum tawg ua tej daim loj loj.

Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov xim dawb rau ntawm qhov chaw - cov no yog cov pob zeb lim dej tso. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tsis txhob siv hauv kev tsim kho.

Tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov fireclay thiab cov cib cub. Cov qhov cub xaiv tau ua los ntawm cov av nplaum liab. Lawv tsis tiv thaiv hluav taws.