2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yooj yim rau kev ua tiav lub qab nthab yog ntxuav dawb. Kev ntxuav tes dawb yuav tsis nyuaj tshwj xeeb, thiab koj tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov haujlwm no ntawm koj tus kheej, yam tsis muaj kev koom nrog tus tswv. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txheej txheej zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum paub qee qhov subtleties ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no.
Nta thiab hom
Kev ntxuav dawb yog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tau siv los ua kom cov nplaim nplaim. Chalk los yog txiv qaub feem ntau yog siv ua lub hauv paus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv no yog siv los kho ua kom tiav lub qab nthab. Kuj tseem muaj ib hom tshuaj ntxuav dawb rau cov ntoo hauv vaj. Lwm lo lus "whitewashing" hais txog txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, txiv qaub, av nplaum, thiab cov xim pleev xim dej tau siv los ua kom lub qab nthab kom dawb. Txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau qhov sib txawv hauv kev ua tiav.
ib qho av nplaum
Kev ua kom dawb huv qab nthab nrog cov tshuaj pleev xim av yog ib txoj hauv kev pheej yig tshaj plaws los kho qab nthab, txij li tus nqi ntawm cov chalk yog qhov tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi qis tsis tau txhais hais tias cov khoom tsis zoo. Kev sib xyaw chalk yog ib qho yooj yim thov thiab ua tau zoo rau saum npoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib tov muaj lub zog zais zoo heev.
Chalk tau qias neeg heev, uas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no. Cov txheej no muaj qhov tsis zoo ntxiv - cov khoom tuaj yeem tig daj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov pom ntawm cov xim daj, thaum ua qhov kev daws teeb meem, koj yuav tsum ntxiv me ntsis zas xiav rau zas cov ntaub.
Txiv qaub
Txiv qaub yog tsim los ntawm calcining carbonate pob zeb. Cov khoom muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob. Txiv qaub tshuaj txua ntoo txuas cov kab nrib pleb zoo rau saum npoo av. Xws li kev sib xyaw, zoo li chalk, muaj tus nqi qis.
Cov kua qaub qaub muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw, uas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau nqa nrog hnab looj tes, zoo li tiv nrog daim tawv nqaij, cov kua qaub tuaj yeem ua rau nws puas.
Dej emulsion
Kev ua tiav nrog cov xim pleev xim dej yog kim dua li siv cov kua qaub los yog chalk. Dua li ntawm qhov no, hom kev ntxuav dawb yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov xim pleev xim tau yooj yim dua rau siv thiab tau muag npaj rau daim ntawv thov, sib piv rau cov sib tov qhuav, los ntawm qhov uas nws tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem.
Lub peev xwm npog ntawm cov xim pleev xim dej yog siab dua li ntawm chalk thiab cov kua qaub. Cov khoom pleev xim tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab ua tau zoo rau saum npoo. Ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam, koj tuaj yeem pom cov xim tsis muaj dej tsis haum, uas yuav tso cai rau koj siv nws rau kev ua haujlwm hauv chav ntub.
Kev npaj nto
Ua ntej ua tiav txoj haujlwm, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau kev npaj saum npoo. Yog tsis dhau theem no, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais txheej txheej zoo: cov tshuaj dawb yuav tsis haum zoo, thiab tom qab ib ntus nws yuav tawg.
Yog tias tsis muaj lub tsho qub qub ntawm lub qab nthab, ces koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov av thiab hmoov av los ntawm qhov chaw. Nws raug nquahu kom tso cov plastered saum npoo av ua ntej thov cov tshuaj dawb, vim tias cov plaster muaj cov txheej txheem, thiab cov tsho sab saum toj tuaj yeem ua kom tsis sib luag.
Plaster kuj tseem siv los kho qhov tsis xws luag thiab theem qab nthab. Tom qab plaster rau saum npoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau taug kev zoo nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb los tsim ib qho txawm thiab du.
Yog tias lub hauv paus tau raug ntxuav dawb, cov txheej txheej yav dhau los ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem tu saum npoo av yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Rooj tog thiab khoom siv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm chav. Cov khoom seem thiab cov plag tsev yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm av. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov yas qhwv thiab daim kab xev npog.
- Txhawm rau ntxuav qhov chaw, koj yuav xav tau dej thiab xab npum, ua npuas dej ua npuas ncauj lossis txhuam, txhuam cov hlau thiab pleev xim da dej.
- Ib feem me me ntawm lub qab nthab yog dej nrog xab npum. Cov dej dawb uas ntub tau raug tshem tawm nrog cov hlau txhuam, hloov cov xim da dej kom cov khoom tsis poob rau hauv pem teb.
- Txhua yam uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm nrog spatula raug ntxuav nrog cov ntaub ntub dej ua npuas ncauj.
Yuav ua li cas dilute thiab dab tsi yog kua nplaum rau?
Cov dej sib tov sib xyaw tau muag hauv khw muag khoom npaj rau daim ntawv thov. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov xim tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej huv kom tau txais qhov sib xws. Cov sib xyaw ua ke raws cov av nplaum thiab cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau npaj ntawm nws tus kheej tam sim ua ntej ua haujlwm tiav. Kev npaj daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis nyob ntawm nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus.
Chalk daws
Txhawm rau npaj chalk whitewash, koj yuav xav tau dej sov, sib xyaw nplaum, xim xiav rau tinting cov ntaub (xiav) thiab chalk nws tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog raws li hauv qab no:
- nyob rau hauv tsib-liter thoob dej sov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los dilute PVA lossis cov kua nplaum nplaum rau hauv peb caug grams;
- ib qho me me ntawm xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws (50 grams) yog rub rau ntawm cov grater ntxhib thiab ntxiv rau hauv dej tov nrog kua nplaum;
- chalk nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm peb kilograms yuav tsum tau sieved kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab;
- chalk maj mam nchuav rau hauv dej, tas li nplawm cov tshuaj kom tsis txhob tsim cov qog;
- yog li txheej txheej dhau los ua daus-dawb thiab tsis tig daj dhau lub sijhawm, kwv yees li nees nkaum grams ntawm xiav yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum txaus kom npog ib txheej ntawm kaum square metres ntawm saum npoo.
Cug
Txhawm rau txhawm rau npaj ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov kua qaub rau ua kom dawb, koj yuav xav tau slaked txiv qaub. Cov khoom siv no yog tsim ua cov hmoov sib tov lossis muab tshuaj txhuam. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj rau 10 m2 ntawm qhov chaw, koj yuav xav tau:
- 1,7 kg ntawm txiv qaub qhuav;
- 5 litres dej;
- 40 grams ntawm daim ntaub xiav.
Yog tias koj xav tau xim, tsis sib xyaw dawb, koj yuav tsum ntxiv me ntsis zas xim rau cov tshuaj. Cov dej uas siv los npaj cov tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem tsawg dua lossis ntau dua tsib litres. Txhua yam nws nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj khov npaum li cas. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov sib xws uas xav tau, koj tuaj yeem sim qhov sib xyaw raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov riam riam yuav tsum tau muab dipped rau hauv cov tshuaj.
- Tom qab ntawd rab riam maj mam muab tshem tawm. Yog tias qhov sib xyaw tau yooj yim thiab ua kom tag nrho tawm ntawm cov hniav, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tsis tuab txaus thiab yuav tsum ntxiv cov txiv qaub ntxiv rau nws.
- Kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov sib xws raug, thaum ntsib nrog cov khoom hlau, yuav tsum pleev xim rau lawv dawb.
Qee Qhov Kev Pom Zoo
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj dawb tsim, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv qee cov khoom ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw: cov kua nplaum nplaum lossis xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws. Hloov cov ntawv nplaum lossis PVA, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov kua nplaum sib xyaw ua ke rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej hauv tsev. Cov khoom siv no tau ntxiv rau hauv kev daws teeb meem txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheej kom zoo thiab ua kom nws lub neej ua haujlwm zoo.
Yog tias cov kua qaub dawb yuav siv los ua kom tiav lub ntsej muag, tom qab ziab cov roj yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Cov kua roj vanish yuav txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm txheej, ua rau nws muaj kev ntseeg tau ntau dua thiab tiv taus ya raws.
Whitewashed phab ntsa raug rau ntau yam xim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txheej los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim so, cov khoom noj tau yooj yim ntsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj dawb. Thaum ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw, qhov sib piv kom raug yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- ziab cov roj ntxiv hauv qhov ntau ntawm ib puas milliliters ib lub thoob ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav dawb;
- kom tau txais cov kua qaub zoo kawg nkaus, ib kilogram ntsev yuav tsum tau noj rau kaum liv ntawm kev daws.
Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Kev Siv
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntxuav lub qab nthab hauv chav tsev. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav hniav dawb, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nyob hauv cov cuab yeej siv. Rau kev ua tiav cov khoom siv hauv qab no yuav xav tau:
- pleev xim;
- menyuam;
- rab phom tsuag tsuag KRDP-3;
- ntim rau kev npaj daws teeb meem;
- tsim kev tov khoom rau sib tov sib xyaw;
- ntaiv;
- txhuam rau ntxuav qhov chaw;
- thoob ntawm cov xab npum:
- npog daim kab xev thiab polyethylene;
- yas cuvette;
- hlau spatula;
- ntawv xeb.
Txhawm rau siv qhov sib xyaw rau lub qab nthab, cov menyuam los txhuam cov xim feem ntau yog siv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv txhuam tshiab los ntawm kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj dawb, nws yuav tsum tau tsau ib ntus hauv dej kub. Thaum pib, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov cuab yeej nrog cov tawv tawv tawv.
Kev ntxuav hniav dawb nrog rab phom tsuag yog txheej txheem ua haujlwm hnyav heev. Xws li cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim dua rau ntxuav phab ntsa ntau dua qab nthab. Ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej no, kev npaj ua tiav ntawm cov av nplaum los yog slaked txiv qaub yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cheesecloth.
Thaum npaj cov khoom sib xyaw, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj ua tiav rau ib square meter ntawm thaj tsam yog kwv yees li 0.5 liv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv chalk ib 1m2 ntau dua li siv cov txiv qaub los ntawm 1m2. Txog kev tsim cov tshuaj, nws yog ib txwm coj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev siv ib kaum square metres.
Kev txiav txim ua haujlwm
Yog tias, ua ntej ua haujlwm tiav, saum npoo av tau raug ntxuav thiab ntxuav zoo, nws yuav txaus los thov cov tshuaj dawb hauv ob txheej xwb. Lub qab nthab yuav tsum tau muab lub hlwb faib ua ntu me me. Kev ntxuav dawb yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm chav, nws yuav yooj yim dua txav los ntawm lub qhov rais mus rau qhov rooj. Ua ntej thov txhua txheej txheej tom ntej ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum txheej yav dhau los qhuav.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv cov xim txhuam hniav los txhuam cov pob qij txha ntawm qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los npog qhov seem ntawm cov nplaim nrog whitewash siv cov menyuam. Tsis txhob dov cov menyuam hnyav rau hauv cov xim pleev xim, vim tias cov khoom sib xyaw ntau dhau ntawm qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem ua rau cov quav thiab cov kab. Cov tshuaj khib yog siv rau lub qab nthab nrog cov kab mob zoo sib xws.
Ib txheej tsis txaus los tsim txheej txheej zoo. Thawj txheej tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau muaj cov kab ntawm cov menyuam. Cov txheej txheej tiav yog siv kab rov tav rau yav dhau los . Tsis txhob hnov qab do cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua, vim cov av nplaum los yog cov kua qaub tuaj yeem tsaws rau hauv qab ntawm lub ntim.
Cov xim pleev xim dej yog yooj yim dua rau siv thiab kis tau zoo dua qub. Dej-raws li emulsion kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los pleev xim dawb rau ntawm lub tsho qub yam tsis tau ntxuav lub ntsej muag ua ntej.
Lub tswv yim
Ua ntej yuav khoom siv rau tshuaj pleev lub qab nthab, koj yuav tsum suav qhov kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm cov tshuaj khib uas yuav xav tau rau kev ua tiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau kho thiab kev noj ntawm ib qho kev muaj pes tsawg leeg ib square meter. Nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov khoom nrog cov npoo.
Thaum yuav cov khoom sib xyaw, xyuam xim tsis yog rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj rau nws hnub tas sij hawm. Cov khoom siv tas sij hawm poob nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab tsis haum rau tsim txheej txheej txhim khu kev qha.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm kho kom zoo, nrog rau thaum qhov chaw qhuav, yuav tsum tsis muaj cov ntawv sau hauv chav. Txwv tsis pub, cov av nplaum los yog cov kua qaub-txheej tuaj yeem tev tawm.
Ua ntej koj pib ntxuav lub qab nthab, koj yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev ceev faj. Lub taub hau, lub qhov muag thiab txhais tes yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag los ntawm kev daws teeb meem, yog li nws tau pom zoo kom ua haujlwm nrog hnab looj tes, tsom iav siv thiab taub hau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa, koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ua pa lossis daim ntaub qhwv.
Pom zoo:
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Cov kua nplaum kub tau siv dav hauv ob lub neej niaj hnub thiab hauv kev tsim kho. Nws yog dab tsi thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no yog dab tsi? Yuav siv rab phom nplaum li cas? Koj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob hauv tsev? Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov cov kua nplaum yog dab tsi?
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Cov cuab yeej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsheb laij teb taug kev thiab cov txuj ci ua haujlwm nrog nws yog dab tsi? Yuav npaj kom zoo thiab pib chav tsev li cas? Dab tsi yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum pib lub cav diesel?
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Dab tsi yog chalk film? Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv no. Hom chalk zaj duab xis thiab ntau yam ntxoov. Nta ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab slate rau kev kos duab nrog chalk. Nws siv qhov twg?
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