Hom Putty Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hauv: Sib Xyaw Qhuav Rau Cov Pob Zeb Thiab Ua Npuas Dej Hauv Tsev

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj pleev rau ua haujlwm sab hauv, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau tus lej ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj ua cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li sai tau. Peb nkag siab txog ntau yam thiab subtleties ntawm kev xaiv.

Nta xaiv

Putty rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv yog xaiv raws ntau qhov qauv.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txhais:

• hom putty no yog npaj rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv;
• rau theem kev ua haujlwm twg yog qhov sib xyaw npaj rau qhov kev xaiv poob;
• hauv daim ntawv twg yog qhov sib xyaw.

Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yuav qhia tau tias yam ntxwv zoo li cas uas tau xaiv cov xim muaj (tuab ntawm txheej txheej thov, ua kom du ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, lub zog, xim ntawm txheej txheej khov, qhuav kom qhuav, tiv taus ya raws). Nws yuav tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab qhov twg nws zoo dua, kev siv cov sib xyaw rau 1 sq. m. Ntxiv rau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom no. Kev npaj sib xyaw hauv cov thoob yuav muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv lub neej ruaj khov, txwv tsis pub nws raug txwv nruj me ntsis.

Saib

Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv no nthuav tawm hauv ntau yam. Cov khoom sib txawv hauv lub hom phiaj, npaj tau thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Los ntawm kev teem caij

Qhov gradation no cais cov sib tov sib xyaw los ntawm qhov loj me me, uas txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv. Tag nrho cov putties tau muab faib ua tsib hom tseem ceeb: pib, ua tiav, thoob ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj.

Pib

Tsim los rau qib pib ntawm phab ntsa, txhaws qhov tsis xws luag, npaj qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau daim ntawv thov ntawm kev ua kom tiav. Cov hloov pauv hloov pauv pib yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev tawg thiab lub hauv paus zoo rau kev ua tiav ntxiv.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog:

• feem me me ntawm cov khoom me me;
• ntxhib nto ntawm cov tawv tawv;
• lub zog (nyuaj rau zom);
• zoo adhesion (lub peev xwm los sib txuas nrog lwm yam khoom ntawm qib molecular).

Cov tshuaj txhuam no tau siv ntau ntau, kev siv tag nrho cuam tshuam rau pob nyiaj siv. Nws ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus zoo rau ntau yam khoom siv zoo nkauj.

Ua tiav

Lub hom phiaj ntawm hom kev sib xyaw no yog qib kawg ntawm phab ntsa thiab ua rau lawv npaj rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj (piv txwv li, wallpaper, pleev xim).

Qhov ua tiav putty muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• thov rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus;
• tsim lub dav hlau tiaj tus;
• tsis yooj yim - yooj yim rau xuab zeb.

Universal

Cov sib xyaw ua ke no ua haujlwm pib thiab ua kom tiav tas.

Lawv txawv los ntawm:

• muaj peev xwm thov rau txhua qhov chaw;
• yooj yim siv (tuaj yeem siv yam tsis muaj txuj ci tshwj xeeb).

Ntawm kwv yees tus nqi tib yam ntawm txhua hom, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis zoo rau kev ua ob qib.

Tshwj xeeb

Hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tau ua kom zoo dua qub: tiv taus ya raws, tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias qis dua, acid tsis kam, yas. Lawv tau siv rau chav nrog qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb.

Hniav

Siv ua lub ntsej muag ua ntej. Cov ntau yam no muaj cov xim xim nplua nuj, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj (piv txwv li, pob zeb pob zeb). Lawv sib txawv hauv cov thev naus laus zis siv tshwj xeeb tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia.

Ntawm kev npaj

Hauv qhov no, cov putty tau qhuav thiab npaj tau thov. Txhua hom tsiaj muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Qhuav

Xws li ib qho putty xav tau kev txawj txhuam kom zoo, txwv tsis pub cov sib xyaw yuav ua rau lub ntsej muag tsis zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau txheej txheej tiav, qhov twg txawm tias cov pob me me tuaj yeem pom. Feem ntau, cov khoom zoo li no muaj lub neej txee ntev. Hais txog tus nqi, nws pheej yig. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv cov khoom sib tov qhuav rau qhov pib lossis ua kom tiav txheej rau phab ntsa, qhov uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Tiav lawm

Kev sib xyaw ua ke tau npaj tau yooj yim, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse tshwj xeeb. Qhov ua tau zoo yog du dua thiab ntau dua, zoo rau kev pleev xim lossis lwm yam kev ua tiav. Vim tias tus nqi qis, nws feem ntau siv ua txheej txheej.

Los ntawm kev sib xyaw

Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua rau huab hwm coj, cov tshuaj txhuam tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

• plaster;
• xis mas;
• polymer;
• dej dispersion;
• roj thiab kua nplaum.

Gypsum

Nws tau dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa ua los ntawm plasterboard thiab xis mas.

Yooj yim rau siv, nws:

• zoo haum rau txhua theem ntawm kev txhaws;
• yooj yim sib tov, faib tau zoo raws lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa;
• qhuav sai;
• feem ntau siv rau txheej txheej tiav vim tsis muaj qhov nqaim thiab tawg;
• tsim ib qho du thiab txawm tias nto;
• yooj yim zom;
• yog lub hauv paus rau kev pleev xim;
• tsis exude ib tug tsev tsw;

Nws yog ib puag ncig cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, uas ua rau nws hypoallergenic. Xws li ib qho putty nqus tau cov dej noo zoo, vim qhov uas nws siv tsis tau los siv nws thaum kho cov chav nrog cov av noo siab thiab kub poob.

Nws tiv taus hluav taws, tiv thaiv hluav taws kub zoo, thiab tsis kim. Nws tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev txawm tias nyob hauv chav uas muaj qhov kub tsawg. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis kam tiv taus kev co thiab cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam: nws tsis muaj peev xwm siv nws hauv chav ua si, chav ua si.

Maas

Cov cement-based sib tov sib txawv los ntawm nws tus nqi qis; nws feem ntau siv thaum nws tsim nyog los npog thaj tsam loj.

Cov khoom no nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv:

• kom tau txais qhov zoo, yuav tsum tau ntxhib ntxhib ntxhib (1.5 - 2.5 mm) xuab zeb, txwv tsis pub cov av yuav tawg tom qab ziab;
• qhov kub ntawm cov dej rau kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum yog txog 20 C.
• tom qab diluting qhov sib tov, cov tshuaj daws sai sai (los ntawm 5 txog 24 teev, nyob ntawm seb hom tshwj xeeb);
• qhov sib xyaw ua ke poob qis tom qab qee lub sijhawm, yuav tsum rov thov dua;

• zoo tshem tawm qhov tseem ceeb (ntau dua 10 hli) phab ntsa tsis xws luag;
• txawm tias tag nrho cov cai tau pom, qhov muaj feem ntawm kev tawg tshwm sim yog qhov siab heev;
• nws tiv taus ya raws thiab qis kub zoo;
• yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab; nyuaj rau xuab zeb;
• tsis haum rau ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo.

Xws li cov tshuaj pleev muaj qhov tsis zoo nkauj, nws muaj xim txho-daj. Hauv qeb muaj cov kab ntawv me me nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv muab cov xim dawb thiab dawb dawb. Tus txheej txheem no cuam tshuam rau tus nqi, uas yog los ntawm 230 txog 650 rubles rau 20 kg.

Polymer

Kev sib xyaw ntawm hom no tau muab faib ua acrylic thiab latex. Cov ntau yam no yog qhov tshiab rau kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom no.

Polymer sib tov muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, lawv yog:

• Ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw rau kev sib xyaw, npaj ua kom loj. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tau npaj tau zoo rau cov uas tsis muaj txuj ci, tab sis xav ua kho nrog lawv tus kheej tes;
• Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau txheej txheej;
• Lawv muab tus du, txawm tias dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa, txawm tias muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob hauv qhov chaw kho;
• Lawv yog lub hauv paus zoo rau kev ua tiav kev ua kom zoo nkauj;

• txhim kho lub suab tsis zoo ntawm phab ntsa;
• lawv yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov pa zoo permeability, tsis txhob tso cov phab ntsa kom ntub dej, yog li chav tsis ntub;
• muaj kev tiv thaiv ya raws siab (putty tsim nyog thaum kho chav dej thiab chav ua noj);
• tsis txhob hnov qab qhov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb;
• muaj tus nqi siab.

Kev tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau lom ua rau phab ntsa npog nrog cov tshuaj no tsis tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov pwm thiab pwm, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau chav dej. Cov roj hmab subspecies tsis ntsws, nws yog ywj.

Dej-dispersive

Hom no yog kev npaj ua dej-sib faib cov qauv ntawm cov hauv paus acrylic. Cov khoom siv no tau siv rau txhua hom txheej, suav nrog cov qhob, cib, ntoo, ua vaj tsev aerated, pob zeb, fiberboard. Cov putty no muaj cov nplaum zoo: nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog rau saum npoo ntawm qib molecular.

Ntau zaus nws tau siv los ua cov tshuaj pleev xim:

• muaj qis qis (2%);
• zoo kawg thov;
• yooj yim zom;
• pheej yig;
• nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thickening, nws muab rau dilution nrog dej;
• tsis exude ib tug ntxhiab tsw;
• me ntsis nplaim taws.

Kev tiv thaiv ya raws siab ua rau nws pom zoo kom siv cov dej no tso rau hauv chav dej, chav ua noj thiab lwm chav nrog cov av noo thiab qhov kub poob. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau nrog cov yas ntxiv. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua kom lub zog muaj zog thiab ua rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm txheej txheej qis.

Roj thiab kua nplaum

Pawg no suav nrog kev sib xyaw raws cov roj qhuav, chalk, CMC kua nplaum, cov yas thiab cov ziab khaub ncaws.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no:

• yas;
• yooj yim zom;
• ruaj;
• muaj zoo adhesion;
• muaj tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig muaj pes tsawg leeg;
• kev lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig

Lawv yooj yim los thov rau ntau hom chaw . (phab ntsa ntub dej, plaster, cib, aerated qhob, ntoo). Cov putty zoo li no muaj lub sijhawm qhuav sai ntawm txheej (3-4 teev), uas txo lub sijhawm ua kom tiav (txheej kawg qhuav 24 teev). Nws yog lub hauv paus zoo rau kev pleev xim nrog cov xim pleev xim, roj thiab dej ua kom tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj zog tiv taus kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, ntau yam no tsis zam kev ya raws thiab tso ncaj qha rau dej.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo suav nrog lub txee lub neej luv, nws tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv qhov chaw nrog hloov pauv kub, rov khov dua ua rau qhov sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsis siv tau. Cov tshuaj txhuam no xav tau ntawm chaw ua haujlwm: qhov kub yuav tsum siab tshaj 10 degrees, cov av noo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 70%.

Lub putty yuav tsum sov. Yog li nws tuaj yeem siv sab hauv tsev siv ua npuas dej.

Yog xav paub ntxiv yuav ua li cas txhawm rau phab ntsa nrog koj txhais tes, saib cov vis dis aus qhia tom ntej.