Particleboard (43 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Ntawm Cov Laug Cam, Cov Khoom Siv Veneered Thiab Lwm Yam Vaj Huam Sib Luag, Tsim Khoom Thiab Tsim Khoom. Nws Sawv Ntsug Thiab Zoo Li C

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ntawm txhua lub tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiav siv los kho thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm thiab tsim rooj tog, chipboard siv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Dab tsi yog ntoo -based polymer, yam khoom ntawm cov khoom no muaj nyob hauv thiab thaj chaw twg nws tau siv - peb yuav tham txog cov no thiab lwm yam teeb meem hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Chipboard sawv rau "chipboard". Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim ua tsev, nws yog tsim los ntawm nias cov ntoo uas tau txhuam nrog cov kua nplaum. Lub tswv yim kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw no tau pom thawj zaug 100 xyoo dhau los . Thaum xub thawj, lub rooj tsavxwm tau npog nrog plywood ntawm ob sab. Yav tom ntej, thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho tas li, thiab xyoo 1941 thawj lub Hoobkas rau kev tsim cov chipboard tau pib ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 2 xaus, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb los ntawm cov ntoo ua lag luam pov tseg tau nthuav dav.

Kev txaus siab rau cov khoom siv no tau piav qhia los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv:

• ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov ntev thiab cov duab;
• qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua cov ntawv loj loj; siv pov tseg los ntawm kev lag luam ntoo tsis yog ntoo kim.

Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm chipboard, qhov ntim pov tseg thaum ua cov ntoo tau poob qis los ntawm 60 txog 10%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam rooj tog thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam tau txais cov khoom siv tau thiab pheej yig.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

Cia peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm chipboard

• Lub zog thiab ntom . Muaj ob pawg ntawm slabs - P1 thiab P2. Cov khoom P2 muaj lub zog khoov siab - 11 MPa, rau P1 qhov ntsuas no qis dua - 10 MPa, yog li P2 pab pawg muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau delamination. Qhov ntom ntawm cov pawg ntawm ob pawg sib txawv hauv qhov ntau ntawm 560-830 kg / m3.
• Hws noo kuj . Dej tsis kam tswj tsis tau ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tsuas tuaj yeem siv hauv qhov chaw qhuav. Qee cov tuam ntxhab tau pib tsim cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj dej; lawv tau tsim nrog kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tua dej.
• Biostability . Chipboards yog cov bioinert siab heev - cov laug cam tsis ua rau puas tsuaj, pwm thiab kab mob tsis ua rau lawv ntau ntxiv. Cov nplais tuaj yeem ua kom tsis zoo thiab tawg los ntawm dej, tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawd rot yuav tsis tshwm sim hauv nws cov fibers.
• Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws . Cov chav kawm phom sij rau hluav taws kub rau chipboard sib raug rau pawg neeg kub hnyiab thib 4 - tib yam li ntoo. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv no tsis hlawv sai dua li cov ntoo ntuj, qhov hluav taws kub kis qeeb dua.
• Ib puag ncig phooj ywg . Thaum yuav khoom chipboard, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov pa tawm, nws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qib ntawm phenol-formaldehyde vapor tso tawm. Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qib E1 tuaj yeem siv tau hauv thaj chaw nyob. Rau tsev kho mob, nrog rau cov tsev kawm qib kindergarten, tsev kawm ntawv thiab chav menyuam yaus, tsuas yog lub qhov cub nrog chav tso tawm E 0, 5 tuaj yeem siv tau - lawv muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm phenol formaldehyde.
• Kev ua kom sov . Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm chipboard tsawg, thiab qhov no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv raws li cladding. Qhov nruab nrab, cov cua sov ua kom sov ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog 0.15 W / (m • K). Yog li, nrog cov ntawv tuab ntawm 16 hli, cov cua sov tiv taus cov ntaub ntawv yog 0.1 (m2 • K) / W. Rau kev sib piv: rau phab ntsa liab cib nrog tuab ntawm 39 cm, qhov ntsuas no yog 2.22 (m2 • K) / W, thiab rau txheej txheej ntawm cov plaub tsiaj ntxaum ntawm 100 mm - 0.78 (m2 • K) / W. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj pom zoo kom ua ke cov vaj huam sib luag nrog huab cua sib txawv.
• Dej ua pa permeability . Kev tso cai rau cov pa dej sib xws rau 0.13 mg / (m • h • Pa), yog li cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem ua pa thaiv. Tab sis thaum siv chipboard rau sab nrauv cladding, ua kom muaj huab cua nkag mus tau zoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav pab tso dej ntws tawm ntawm phab ntsa.

Sib piv nrog MDF

Cov neeg siv niaj hnub feem ntau tsis meej pem MDF thiab chipboard. Qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ntau heev - lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntoo ua pov tseg, uas yog, los ntawm nias ntoo shavings thiab sawdust. Qhov sib txawv nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias rau kev tsim khoom ntawm MDF, kev faib ua feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv raw . Ib qho ntxiv, cov nplaum ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm lignin lossis paraffin - qhov no ua rau cov laug cam muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig zoo. Vim tias muaj cov tshuaj paraffin, MDF muaj cov dej noo tiv taus.

Tias yog vim li cas cov khoom siv no feem ntau siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov rooj tog tsim thiab cov qhov rooj sab hauv, nrog rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntu. Chipboards tsis tau siv hauv cheeb tsam no.

Ntau lawm

Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov laug cam, yuav luag txhua yam ntoo ua pov tseg yog siv:

• cov ntoo puag ncig tsis zoo;
• pob qhov rooj;
• slabs;
• cov khoom seem ntawm cov laug cam;
• txiav;
• tej daim;
• cov quav;
• ntoo sawdust.

Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog ntau theem.

Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw

Ntawm theem npaj ua haujlwm, lumpy pov tseg tau tawg rau hauv cov chips, thiab tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog cov chips loj, tau coj mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua nrog qhov tuab ntawm 0.2-0.5 mm, qhov ntev ntawm 5-40 mm thiab qhov dav txog li 8-10 hli.

Tev tawm cov ntoo ntoo puag ncig, txiav nws ua tej daim me me, tsau nws, tom qab ntawd faib nws ua cov fibers thiab zom nws kom pom zoo

Ua thiab nias

Cov khoom siv tau npaj tau sib xyaw nrog cov yas polymer, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov ntoo hauv nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev raug tshem tawm, cov tshuaj tau txau rau lawv los ntawm txoj kev nthuav tawm . Cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npog tag nrho qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm ntoo txhuam nrog cov nplaum ua ke thiab tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev siv cov nplaum ntau dhau.

Cov tshuaj txau tawm mus rau hauv lub tshuab xa khoom tshwj xeeb, ntawm no lawv tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv txuas mus tas li ntawm lub tshuab xa khoom hauv 3 txheej thiab pub rau hauv cov xovxwm vibrating . Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nias thawj zaug, briquettes tau tsim. Lawv raug rhaub kom kub txog 75 degrees thiab xa mus rau hydraulic xovxwm. Muaj, cov phaj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub ntawm 150-180 degrees thiab siab ntawm 20-35 kgf / cm2.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj haujlwm nyuaj, cov khoom siv tau sib zog, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog polymerized thiab tawv.

Nqa mus rau kev npaj

Cov ntawv ua tiav tau muab tso rau hauv pawg siab thiab sab laug hauv lawv qhov hnyav li 2-3 hnub. Lub sijhawm no, qib ntawm cua sov yog qib hauv cov pob zeb thiab txhua qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog nruab nrab. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua tiav zaum kawg, qhov saum npoo yog sanded, veneered thiab txiav rau hauv cov phaj ntawm qhov xav tau loj. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom tiav yog cim thiab xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Ua mob rau kev noj qab haus huv

Txij li lub sijhawm thaum thev naus laus zis tsim tshuab chipboard tau tsim, kev tsis txaus siab txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv no tsis tau qis dua. Qee tus neeg sib cav tias pawg thawj coj saib xyuas lub rooj muaj kev nyab xeeb tag thaum siv raug. Lawv cov neeg tawm tsam tau sim ua pov thawj qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom.

Txhawm rau debunk txhua qhov kev ntseeg thiab ua xyem xyav, cia peb ua tibzoo saib ntawm cov laj thawj uas tuaj yeem ua rau chipboard lom

Phenol-formaldehyde resins uas yog ib feem ntawm cov kua nplaum ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Sij hawm dhau mus, formaldehyde evaporates los ntawm cov nplaum thiab sib sau ua ke hauv huab cua ntawm chav. Yog li, yog tias koj xauv ib tus neeg hauv chav tsev ntim khoom me me ntawm lub ntim me me thiab muab ib daim ntawv chipboard nyob ze nws, tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm cov pa yuav pib puv chav. Tsis ntev los sis tom qab, nws qhov kev nkag siab yuav mus txog qhov siab tshaj qhov tau tso cai, tom qab ntawd cov roj yuav pib khi nrog cov protein ntau hauv cov nqaij thiab cov nruab nrog cev thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev.

Formaldehyde ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj tshaj plaws rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag, lub cev ua pa, lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab lub nruab nrog cev.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab qhov tseeb tias huab cua sib pauv tas li nyob hauv ib chav twg. Ib feem ntawm huab cua huab cua khiav tawm mus rau huab cua, thiab huab cua huv los ntawm txoj kev los rau hauv lawv qhov chaw.

Tias yog vim li cas chipboard tsuas tuaj yeem siv hauv chav uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo; nrog kev tso pa tawm mus tas li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa lom tuaj yeem txo qis.

Lwm qhov kev sib cav los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo. dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum raug hlawv chipboard, nws tso cov tshuaj lom. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias ib yam teeb meem organic, thaum hlawv, tso tsawg kawg carbon dioxide thiab carbon monoxide, thiab yog tias cov pa roj carbon dioxide txaus ntshai tsuas yog nyob hauv qhov ntau, ces cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem tua txawm tias nyob hauv qhov me me. Hauv qhov no, cov qhov cub tsis muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li cov khaub ncaws hluavtaws, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev .- txhua tus ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub tso cov pa lom uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib tus neeg.

Hom kev txheeb xyuas

Muaj ntau hom chipboard

• Nias chipboard - tau nce lub zog thiab ntom ntom. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov rooj tog thiab kev tsim kho ua haujlwm.
• Laminated chipboard - lub vaj huam sib luag nias nrog daim ntawv-txheej txheej. Lamination ua rau tawv tawv ntau zaus ntau dua thiab ua rau nws tsis kam hnav. Yog tias xav tau, tus qauv tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv uas ua rau cov laminate zoo sib xws rau cov khoom siv ntuj.
• Hws noo resistant chipboard - siv hauv chav nrog cov av noo siab. Nws cov yam ntxwv tau lees paub los ntawm kev ntxiv tshwj xeeb hydrophobic ntxiv rau cov kua nplaum.
• Extruded phaj - tsis muaj qhov tseeb ib yam li nias. Cov fibers tau muab tso rau hauv nws perpendicular mus rau lub dav hlau ntawm lub phaj. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem yog tubular thiab kab txaij. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau rwb thaiv tsev suab nrov.

Cov laug cam nias tau muab faib raws li ob peb yam kev ntsuas ntxiv

• Los ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom - ua pawg P1 thiab P2 . Thawj yog cov khoom siv dav dav. Qhov thib ob suav nrog cov khoom siv los ua cov rooj tog zaum.
• Los ntawm tus qauv - slabs tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam thiab tsim qauv zoo. Rau lamination, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab qhov nyiam rau tom kawg, vim tias lawv qhov chaw pom qhov ua tiav zoo dua.
• Los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho saum npoo av - tuaj yeem xuab zeb thiab tsis xuab zeb. Lawv tau muab faib ua qib ib thiab qib ob. Rau txhua tus ntawm lawv, GOST muaj cov npe ntawm qhov tsis raug lees paub. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws yog qib thib ib.
• Qhov saum npoo ntawm chipboard tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub - veneered, glossy, varnished. Ntawm kev muag khoom yog cov khoom zoo nkauj laminated thiab cov uas tsis yog laminated, yas txheej qauv.

Qhov ntev (kho kom raug)

Tsis muaj feem ntau lees txais tus qauv ntawm cov kev pom zoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau tsuas yog txwv rau qhov txwv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - 120 cm dav thiab 108 cm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev txwv txoj cai.

Qhov ntev tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tsheb thauj mus los.

Yog li, nws yuav yooj yim dua thauj cov vaj huam sib luag mus txog 3.5 m ntev thiab tsawg dua 190 cm dav, txij li cov ntsuas no sib haum rau qhov ntev ntawm lub cev ntawm lub tsheb nruab nrab. Tag nrho lwm tus yuav nyuaj dua rau kev thauj mus los. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom chipboard txog 580 cm ntev thiab mus txog 250 cm dav, lawv tau tsim tawm hauv qhov tsawg. Lub thickness ntawm slabs txawv ntawm 8 txog 40 hli.

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, feem ntau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg hauv qab no:

• 2440x1220 hli;
• 2440x1830 hli;
• 2750x1830 hli;
• 2800x2070 hli.

Npav

Txhua lub phaj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• qhov ntev hauv mm;
• qib;
• chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm;
• qeb ntu, lub zog thiab chav ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ya raws;
• chav kawm tso tawm;
• qib ntawm kev ua tiav qhov kawg;
• ua raws li cov qauv pom zoo;
• tus naj npawb ntawm nplooj ntawv hauv ib pob;
• hnub ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Cov npav yog siv sab hauv lub duab plaub.

Tseem ceeb: rau cov phaj tsim hauv cov tuam txhab lag luam lossis cov khoom siv raug cai los ntawm txawv teb chaws, txhua cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj tsis yog lub npe lag luam, yuav tsum tau qhia hauv Lavxias nkaus xwb.

Nrov manufacturers

Thaum xaiv chipboard, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ntseeg. Niaj hnub no, cov tuam ntxhab sab saum toj ntawm chipboard hauv Russia suav nrog:

• "Monzensky DOK";
• Cherepovets FMK;
• Sheksninsky KDP;
• Pfleiderer cog;
• "Zheshart FZ";
• Syktyvkar FZ;
• Qhov sib txawv;
• "Karelia DSP";
• MK "Shatura";
• "MEZ DSP thiab D";
• Skhodnya-Plitprom;
• "EZ chipboard".

Thaum yuav cov khoom lag luam pheej yig los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam me me, ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo siab los ua tus tswv ntawm cov khoom lag luam qis uas siv ntau cov phenol-formaldehyde resins.

Nws siv qhov twg?

Chipboard tau siv hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tsim kho, kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tsim khoom.

Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev

Particleboard ntawm chav kawm tso tawm E0, 5 thiab E1 tuaj yeem siv rau sab hauv sab hauv ntawm thaj chaw. Cov khoom no muaj lub siab tawv. Sanded cov laug cam tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog cov xim tsev thiab cov kua roj vanish, yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem lo cov ntawv ntsa rau ntawm lawv, muab cov vuas lossis pleev xim rau. Ua ntej ua kom tiav thaj chaw, chipboard cov npoo yuav tsum tau primed nrog acrylic sib xyaw thiab glued nrog serpyanka mesh.

Vim tias muaj cov pa permeability tsawg, sab hauv sab hauv yuav tsum tau ua pa. Txwv tsis pub, hws yuav nyob ntawm phab ntsa, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau tsim cov rot thiab pwm.

Load-bearing partitions

Kev faib ua kom zoo nkauj tau txais los ntawm chipboard, lawv tau txuas nrog cov hlau lossis cov ntoo. Qhov tsis kam ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem rau cov khoom zoo li qub thiab kev nruj nruj ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus ncej nws tus kheej thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm nws qhov kev teeb tsa.

Tab sis qhov tuab ntawm chipboard cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam.

Fencing

Thaum tsim cov chaw, feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau thaiv qhov chaw txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg taug kev lossis cov tsheb hla kev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov teeb meem no qhia txog thaj chaw kaw, vim tias cov qauv tsim tau nqa tau yooj yim - lawv suav nrog cov hlau thiab cov ntoo sib dhos ua ke nrog tuab ntawm 6 txog 12 cm . Txhua daim ntawv ceeb toom tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo. Txhawm rau kom cov xim ua haujlwm ntev li ntev tau thiab tsis txhob tev tawm ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam tsis zoo, qhov chaw raug kho nrog cov primer, nws raug nquahu kom siv acrylic. Ntxiv mus, koj yuav tsum ua cov phaj ntawm ob sab thiab ntxiv rau roj rau qhov xaus.

Cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo npog cov chipboard thiab tiv thaiv lub rooj tsavxwm los ntawm kev nqus dej thaum nag thiab daus.

Formwork

Txog rau daim ntawv thov no, tsuas yog dej-resistant chipboards impregnated nrog hydrophobic Cheebtsam tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub zog thiab nruj ntawm daim ntawv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov spacers, nrog rau cov tuab ntawm cov nplais. Qhov siab dua ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog cov pob zeb ntau dua, qhov ntau dua qhov siab nyob hauv qis dua ntawm daim ntawv ua haujlwm . Raws li, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tuab li sai tau.

Rau cov pob zeb ua kom siab txog 2 m siab, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv 15 hli chipboard.

Rooj tog

Chipboard yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, yog li nws tau siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau hom rooj tog. Cov rooj tog npaj tau npaj tau dhau los nrog daim ntawv-laminated zaj duab xis nrog ntoo zoo nkauj lossis npog nrog laminate. Cov tsos ntawm cov rooj tog zoo li yuav luag tsis sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv. Txhawm rau tsim cov rooj tog hauv txee, chipboard nrog tuab ntawm 15-25 mm feem ntau yog siv, cov phaj nrog tuab ntawm 30-38 mm tau siv rau milling.

Tsis tsuas yog lub cev ua qauv tau ua los ntawm chipboard, tab sis kuj yog cov ntsiav tshuaj, hauv qhov no, chipboard nrog cov tuab ntawm 38 mm lossis ntau dua raug coj los . Ib daim ntawm cov duab uas xav tau yog txiav tawm ntawm daim ntawv, qhov kawg tau txiav nrog lub zeb, txhuam, muab lo nrog cov veneer lossis ntawv, tom qab ntawd lamination thiab varnishing.

Qhov rai qhov rais

Chipboard 30 thiab 40 mm tuab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov qhov rai qhov rais. Ib feem yog thawj zaug txiav rau qhov loj me, tom qab uas qhov kawg yog milled, muab rau lawv yam xav tau. Tom qab ntawd npog nrog ntawv thiab laminated.

Cov qhov rai qhov rais zoo li cov khoom ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv.

Lwm yam

Txhua hom ntim khoom yog tsim los ntawm chipboards. Cov khoom siv dav siv los tsim Euro pallets, uas tau tsim los txav cov khoom ntim.

Cov thawv zoo li no yog suav tias yog pov tseg, ua nws tawm ntawm ntoo yog kim . Vim qhov tseeb tias chipboard pheej yig dua hlau thiab ntoo, kev txuag nyiaj ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Coob tus neeg nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ua cov rooj tog vaj los ntawm cov khoom no - lawv ua lub vaj txaj tsis xws luag, rooj zaum thiab viav vias.

Vim tias tus nqi qis ntawm chipboard thiab lub peev xwm los muab cov laug cam rau kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom siv yog nrov heev. Chipboards tau txiav txim siab los ua qhov hloov pauv tau rau cov khoom ntoo ntuj uas kim.