Mosaic Vaj Huam Sib Luag: Ua-nws-koj Tus Kheej Kos Duab Iav Mosaic Vaj Huam Sib Luag, Xaiv Rau Phab Ntsa Ntawm Chav Ua Noj Thiab Chav Dej

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "mosaic" feem ntau yog hu ua tus qauv lossis cov khoom zoo nkauj, tso tawm los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, cov vuas luaj ceramic lossis iav iav. Ancient Greece yog suav tias yog nws lub tebchaws - nws nyob ntawd, raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, tias lawv thawj zaug tau pib kho cov phab ntsa thiab lub vaults ntawm cov tuam tsev nrog cov pob zeb xim. Tom qab ntawd, hom haujlwm no tau pib coj los siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws, thaum txhua lub tebchaws tau coj qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej mus rau hauv.

Peculiarities

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev sau mosaic - rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab.

Hauv thawj kis, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw nrog qhov ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los teeb tsa mosaic panels ntawm kab rov tav tiaj tus. Txhua qhov tawg ntawm cov xim tha xim yav tom ntej raug muab lo rau ntawm daim phiaj tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd lub mesh tau pauv mus rau qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov, tom qab uas cov nqaws tau rub.

Yog tias mosaic nto tau nkhaus, thim rov qab. Feem ntau, txoj hauv kev tso no yog siv yog lub hauv paus rau kev sib xyaw yog cov ntaub lossis cov duab los qhia. Cov pobzeb tau glued rau lub hauv paus ntsej muag, tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus tau ua - tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nrawm nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub hauv paus tawv, daim ntawv lossis daim ntaub los ntawm sab xub ntiag raug tshem tawm. Grouting yog ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw.

Niaj hnub no, ntau lub thev naus laus zis tau siv los tsim cov mosaic panels:

• Matrix tshuab txiav txim siab ua qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov khoom mosaic tau sib sau ua ke ua cov khoom ua tiav ua tiav rau ntawm daim ntawv lossis lub hauv paus txheej, kwv yees li 30 cm hauv qhov loj me. ib qho kev txiav txim nrog kev pab ntawm cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem yog monochromatic lossis ntau xim, nyob ntawm tus kws kos duab lub tswv yim thiab qhov dav. Lawv cov duab feem ntau yog plaub fab lossis duab plaub, lwm daim ntawv tsis tshua muaj.
• Txuj ci thev naus laus zis nws yog siv feem ntau thaum ua cov xaj tshwj xeeb raws li tus neeg kos duab. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo heev, siv phau ntawv ua haujlwm nyuaj, piv rau kev pleev xim rau tes - nrog kev pab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tag nrho cov duab thiab txawm tias cov duab. Txog qhov no, ob qho tag nrho cov vuas ntawm cov duab uas raug tuaj yeem siv tau, nrog rau lawv qhov chaw - qhov me me ntawm cov mosaic ntsiab lus, siab dua nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj thiab, raws li, tus nqi. Txuj ci thev naus laus zis pab qhia txog ntau yam ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj lossis, sib tham, kom zais ib qho tsis zoo. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua tiav, kev pleev xim zoo nkauj tau siv - cov xim tsim nyog tau xaiv rau txhua qhov tawg.
• Sib xyaw tshuab - nws lub npe hais lus rau nws tus kheej. Nws suav nrog qee qhov kev tsim khoom ntawm thawj ob lub thev naus laus zis. Ua tsaug rau txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo thiab txuag nyiaj ntawm qee theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Cov vuas mosaic yog qhov ua tau zoo heev hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, lawv xav tau kev ua tib zoo thiab ua siab ntev ntau.

Cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw raws nraim qhov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj yuav nyob, ntau yam ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov ntaub pua plag hauv pem teb yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ruaj khov, tiv taus kev puas tsuaj thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob plam, yog li cov qauv hauv pem teb tau tso tawm feem ntau yog pob zeb, uas muaj cov nplais uas tsis xeb. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub muab ntau yam ntawm marble, granite thiab lwm yam pob zeb mosaic pobzeb. Cov vuas luaj ceramic kuj tseem siv rau hauv pem teb.

Los ntawm cov ntu me me, koj tuaj yeem tso tawm tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab tsis tsuas yog rau hauv pem teb, tab sis kuj rau kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa. Rau qhov no, tsis tsuas yog marble lossis vuas luaj ceramic, tab sis kuj yog cov vuas iav yog qhov tsim nyog. Tsis zoo li cov vuas pob zeb, tsoo iav mosaic muaj qhov ci zoo nkauj heev thiab ua si zoo nkauj ntawm lub teeb.

Ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov nplais iav yog nplawm - nws tau nce lub zog, zoo nkauj ci iab thiab ua kom xim zoo nkauj. Smalt feem ntau yog siv los kho lub vaults ntawm cov tuam tsev, lub tsev ntawm kab lis kev cai, tsev ua yeeb yam thiab lwm lub tsev haujlwm pej xeem. Cov duab tag nrho feem ntau tau tso los ntawm nws, thaum cov vuas lawv tus kheej tau ntaus los ntawm txhais tes. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov xim tshwj xeeb, cov xim tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv rau iav, thiab ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis siab, ntau txhiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txais. Niaj hnub no nws tseem tuaj yeem tau txais kub thiab iav smalt, uas zoo nkaus li txawv txawv thiab kim nyob rau sab hauv.

Classic smalt yog tau los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov khoom me me los ntawm cov txheej loj loj . Cov chipped daim yog tsis xwm yeem thiab tsis zoo ib yam. Qhov no yog lawv qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Lub Hoobkas smalt muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov iav mosaic zoo tib yam, tsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv yog ntau dua. Ob hom no feem ntau ua ke ua ke thaum kho ib sab hauv. Thaum kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm chav nrog cov av noo siab, xws li pas dej da dej, hamam lossis chav dej, ntau hom sib txawv ntawm cov nplais feem ntau ua ke.

Txhawm rau kho kom zoo nkauj txhua kab thiab lwm qhov chaw nrog cov duab nyuaj, hlau mosaics feem ntau siv. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj heev, thiab tseem ruaj khov thiab tsis mob siab rau saib xyuas. Rau nws cov khoom siv, hlau thiab txhuas feem ntau siv. Ntau yam kev coj ua ntawm kub lossis platinum tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov mosaic canvases los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Rau cov laj thawj no, pebbles hiav txwv, cov ntoo thaiv, cov iav fwj, cov cork zoo meej.

Qee zaum cov khoom siv tsis tau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem siv tau - piv txwv li, sawdust thiab txawm tias yas qhwv.

Style thiab tsim

Cov mosaic tau nthuav tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab txhua lub tebchaws tau ntxiv rau daim duab no ua ib yam ntawm nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb rau lub tebchaws no. Rau hnub no, muaj ob peb yam. Cia peb txiav txim siab qee qhov ntawm lawv kom ntxaws.

Alexander mosaic tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 4th AD . Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm kev hwm tus thawj coj loj Alexander the Great thiab piav qhia lub sijhawm los ntawm nws cov phiaj xwm. Ob peb lub ntuj ntxoov nyob hauv cov xim palette - cov no yog xim liab, liab -xim av, dawb thiab daj. Cov yam ntxwv kos duab ntawm cov style no tau tso tawm nruj me ntsis raws qee qhov ciam teb. Cov mosaic tau txiav tawm ntawm marble lossis iav, txhuam hauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tau mus dhau qhov txwv txwv.

Byzantine mosaic tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig rau xyoo 6th-7th thiab tseem tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb rau niaj hnub no. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab paub tau yooj yim vim qee yam ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv.

Ua ntej, nws tau tso tawm los ntawm smalt - nws yog Byzantium uas tau txiav txim siab nws lub tebchaws. Qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov sib txawv, ntau hom hlau tau sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog tooj liab, mercury thiab txawm tias kub kub. Txhua yam khoom piav qhia muaj qhov sib luag zoo meej thiab qhov tseeb - cov ntsiab lus zoo li lub voos xwmfab. Yog li ntawd, ze ze, daim duab zoo li ntxhib ntxhib thiab qhia nws tus kheej hauv txhua qhov nws lub yeeb koob tsuas yog los ntawm qee qhov deb.

Cov piv txwv zoo ib yam ntawm cov xwm txheej piav qhia siv Byzantine mosaics tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau lub tuam tsev hauv tebchaws Ltalis uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob txij thaum ub los. Niaj hnub no, hauv cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem rub tawm txhua daim duab. Cov no tuaj yeem yog tsiaj dab neeg xws li zaj los yog paj paj. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv hiav txwv kuj zoo ib yam - ntses, ntses taub ntswg ntev, toj roob hauv pes.

Florentine mosaic muaj npe tom qab lub nroog tsis tseeb ntawm Florence nyob rau hauv uas nws xub tshwm sim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm pob zeb ntuj - feem ntau yog los ntawm pebbles hiav txwv, thiab suav tias yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws los ua. Cov style Florentine yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov khoom sib dhos nyob ze ib leeg, tawm hauv yuav luag tsis muaj chav rau nqaws thiab sib tsoo. Thiab txij li txhua qhov tawg los ntawm qhov muaj ntau yam duab thiab ntxoov sib txawv, kho lawv ib leeg yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev.

Michael's mosaic tau pib hauv Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Byzantine . Txhua qhov ntxoov ntsuab thiab kub yeej hauv cov txheej txheem piav qhia. Cov mosaics feem ntau yog hauv phau npaiv npaum - Hagia Sophia Cathedral hauv Kiev tau pleev xim rau hauv cov txheej txheem no. Ua tsaug rau ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo, cov duab tsis zoo li qub, tab sis muaj sia nyob thiab ntxim nyiam, uas cov qauv no tau txais txiaj ntsig thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Sofia mosaic muaj xim sib txawv ntau dua tshaj li lub tsev kawm ntawv dhau los. Rau cov mosaic no, cov nplais tau siv ntau yam duab - xwmfab, oval thiab txawm tias peb tog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis haum ua tib zoo li tus tswv Florentine tau ua.

Roman mosaics tseem ua los ntawm cov nplais . Hauv qhov no, siv cov khoom me me, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab. Cov txheej txheem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev piav qhia tib neeg, thaj chaw ib puag ncig, nrog rau ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov paj thiab tsiaj. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tuaj yeem xa paj thiab tsiaj hauv kev txav mus los.

Lavxias mosaic yog ua los ntawm pob zeb . Nws qhov zoo dua lwm yam yog tias cov mosaic tuaj yeem tsim tau ntawm qhov chaw nkhaus, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov thev naus laus zis qub. Siv cov txheej txheem mosaic Lavxias, koj tuaj yeem ua cov khoom me me xws li cov thawv lossis cov cuab yeej sau ntawv. Nws lub ntsiab lus dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab yav tom ntej yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ruaj khov, tab sis tsis yog pob zeb kim heev, uas cov phaj ntawm cov pob zeb semiprecious txog 5 cm2 nyob rau hauv qhov loj tau muab tso rau saum.

Rau cov laj thawj no, malachite, agate, lapis lazuli thiab lwm yam pob zeb nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj feem ntau siv.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Koj tuaj yeem kho txhua qhov saum npoo nrog cov qauv mosaic. Feem ntau, mosaics siv los kho cov phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb ob sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Qee zaum cov phab ntsa ntawm tsev tau dai kom zoo li no, thiab txoj kev mosaic ntawm lub vaj vaj tuaj yeem hloov nws dhau qhov lees paub.

Hauv cov tsev teev ntuj, nws tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub qhov taub. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov vaj huam sib luag zoo li no feem ntau pom nyob rau sab hauv ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Qhov twg nws yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo rau thaj tsam loj, cov vaj huam sib luag feem ntau yog nteg tawm ntawm pob zeb lossis cov khoom siv hloov pauv. Rau lub tsev, koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv npaj tau uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog mus rau chav dej, tab sis tseem yuav kho ib lossis ob peb phab ntsa ntawm chav ua noj - piv txwv li, apron ua haujlwm.

Qee tus kiv cua ntawm hom kev kos duab no tsis xav txwv rau kev kho cov chav dej thiab kho chav nyob nrog cov duab mosaic. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev daws teeb meem npaj rau cov hom phiaj no. Thiab yog tias koj xav tau qee yam tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd muaj ntau lub tuam txhab - cov tuam txhab tsim khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim cov mosaic canvas raws li tus neeg kos duab. Piv txwv li, chav nyob nrog daim duab ua los ntawm malachite lossis chav pw dai kom zoo nkauj nrog iav vaj huam sib luag yuav saib zoo heev thiab tsis yog tus qauv.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov yuam kev ntseeg tias mosaic zoo nkaus li zoo hauv cov haujlwm loj xwb. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov duab me me los ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem kho chav ua noj countertop lossis kho cov rooj tog nrog nws.

Yuav ua li cas koj tus kheej?

Tsis zoo rau kev ntseeg neeg ntseeg tias mosaic yog qhov nyuaj heev, kev kho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua ke nrog koj txhais tes.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj tshwm sim hauv ntau theem:

• Xaiv ib daim duab thiab tsim cov duab kos.
• Sketch ua. Cov duab uas tau xaiv yuav tsum tau luam theej duab, thiab tom qab ntawd, siv lub khoos phis tawj tshwj xeeb, tsim cov duab kos ntawm kev npaj cov mosaic.
• Txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj sib txuas. Yog tias koj xaiv cov iav ua los ntawm lub Hoobkas los tsim koj cov mosaic, koj yuav tsum tau lo nws nrog cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb uas tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis tus kws pab tswv yim hauv khw. Pob zeb thiab cov vuas luaj ceramic yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement, kua nplaum thiab dej. Ib qho trowel notched tau siv los siv tshuaj khib tusyees rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis hauv pem teb.
• Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus thiab tshuaj khib. Qhov saum npoo uas tha xim yav tom ntej yuav nyob yuav tsum tsis muaj hmoov av thiab khib nyiab. Ua ntej gluing cov vuas, koj yuav tsum ua tus cim ua ntej ntawm phab ntsa.
• Koj yuav tsum muab cov ntawv nplaum los yog cov mosaic tawg ua ib qho zuj zus, nco ntsoov muab cov ntoo ntoo tshwj xeeb hla nruab nrab ntawm lawv - spacers.
• Grouting. Tom qab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kaw cov nqaws nrog cov grout tshwj xeeb, siv nws rau tag nrho thaj chaw nrog cov roj hmab spatula thiab ua tib zoo sau tag nrho cov voids nruab nrab ntawm cov vuas.

Kev daws ntau dhau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab thaum nws qhuav, ntxuav tag nrho cov seem nrog daim txhuam cev ntub.

Cov piv txwv zoo nkauj hauv sab hauv

Qhov muaj peev xwm siv cov txheej txheem mosaic yuav luag tsis muaj qhov kawg. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua qhov chaw nyob thiab tsis nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Qhov loj tshaj yog xaiv cov khoom raug. Yog li, piv txwv li, rau chav dej thiab chav dej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov vuas luaj ceramic nrog cov txheej tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv cov calcium tso thiab tso rau lub teeb. Cov vuas zoo li no kuj tsim nyog rau chav ua noj - lawv tuaj yeem tso nrog apron, hauv pem teb lossis cov txee.

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj kho lub qhov cub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov iav uas tiv taus cua sov rau cov laj thawj no. Mosaics kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los kho cov dab dej, ntaiv thiab qhov rais qhov rais. Cov phab ntsa tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj lossis ua kom zoo nkauj ntxig rau. Cov duab yuav zoo li qub yog tias koj txawj sib xyaw ua ke cov ntaub ntawv - piv txwv li, siv iav ntxig rau hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke.

Yog tias cov mosaic nyob ntawm txhua phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsis pom kev ntawm dej tsaws tsag siv cov vuas ntawm tib xim, tab sis hauv qhov sib txawv, uas ua haujlwm sib luag ntawm ib leeg. Cov décor no so kom txaus thiab so. Yog tias koj nyiam cov xim ci, koj yuav xav saib cov vuas ci - kub lossis tsom iav. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau kev pib xyaum ua thiab hauv qhov ntau tuaj yeem ua rau tsis txaus siab. Tab sis raws li kev faib ua feem lawv saib zoo heev.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog cov qauv sib txawv zoo li qub - piv txwv li, matte thiab ci ntsa iab hauv cov mosaic vaj huam sib luag. Nws yuav saib txawv nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis uas lub teeb ntog rau nws.

Kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm fusing - ci iav - yuav saib zoo heev thiab txawv txawv. Nws zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntxim nyiam ua ke nrog niam-ntawm-hlaws, rhinestones, pob zeb siv lead ua, ntxiv rau smalt thiab lwm yam khoom tiav.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm mosaics, koj tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsis tsuas yog cov qauv paub daws teeb, tab sis kuj tseem rov tsim cov duab ntawm cov masters nto moo, ntxiv rau tsim koj tus kheej masterpieces.