2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 04:12
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos lub pob zeb tawg yog nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov pob zeb tsoo tsis yog cov xuab zeb uas tau khawb hauv qhov, tab sis yog cov khoom cuav uas tau los ntawm kev zom cov zauv feem, pov tseg los ntawm kev lag luam mining lossis lwm yam kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Cov khoom siv inorganic muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Daim ntawv lo - cov ntaub ntawv rau tus neeg siv khoom txog nws qhov tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj.
Qeb muaj zog
Qhov ntsuas no thaum cim tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas ib zaug. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog tus qauv raws li GOST 8267-93 . Muaj, tsis yog tsuas yog qhov ntsuas no tau tswj hwm, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, qhov loj me ntawm cov feem thiab qhov tso cai ntawm qib hluav taws xob.
Cov qib ntom ntawm cov pob zeb tawg tau teeb tsa raws li cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom uas nws tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo, qib ntawm kev sib tsoo thaum sib tsoo thiab qib hnav thaum ua hauv lub nruas.
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov suav sau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau tso cai rau peb kom kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev raws li kev siv tshuab ntawm ntau hom. Qhov dav ntawm kev siv pob zeb tsoo hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws xav tau kev muaj nyob ntawm ntau qib ntawm cov qib, uas suav nrog:
- cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov feem ntawm ntau hom (flaky thiab lamellar);
- cov khoom tsim thiab nws cov khoom;
- tiv taus hauv ntau hom haujlwm - los ntawm kev tso nrog cov menyuam mus rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov tsheb ntawm txoj kev.
Qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv qhia hauv cim, tab sis qhov ntsuas no tseem yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv hom tsim nyog. Lub xeev tus qauv kuj tseem siv rau hauv tus lej xws li qhov muaj qhov tsis muaj zog feem hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws txawv hauv kev ua siab ntev los ntawm 5% ntawm tag nrho rau 15% hauv cov npe tsis muaj zog. Kev faib ua pawg txhais tau ntau pawg:
- qib siab ntawm lub zog tau cim los ntawm M1400 txog M1200;
- pob zeb tawg tau ruaj khov yog cim nrog M1200-800 cim;
- pab pawg ntawm qib 600 txog 800 - twb tau nruab nrab -lub zog pob zeb tawg;
- cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm qib M300 txog M600 raug txiav txim siab tsis muaj zog;
- kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis muaj zog heev - M200.
Yog tias tom qab qhov ntsuas M yog tus lej 1000 lossis 800, nws txhais tau tias cov khoom lag luam no tuaj yeem siv tau los tsim cov txheej txheem monolithic, thiab rau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev (suav nrog txoj kev thiab txoj kev hauv vaj hauv tsev). M400 thiab hauv qab no haum rau kev ua haujlwm kho kom zoo nkauj, piv txwv li, cov ncej loj lossis cov laj kab ua hauv kab sib chaws.
Lub zog thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev siv pob zeb tawg yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab qhov loj ntawm cov feem. Txog li 20 hli tau siv dav rau qhov xav tau sib txawv (kev tsim kho txoj kev, cov tsev nyob thiab cov tuam tsev tsim khoom), los ntawm 40 hli - thaum siv cov pob zeb loj.
Txhua yam loj dua 70 mm twb yog pob zeb tawg uas siv los ua gabions lossis kho kom zoo nkauj.
Lwm cov cim
GOST, uas txiav txim siab qhov cim ntawm qhov xav tau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv: txawm tias lub zog ntsuas tau txiav txim siab tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom nruj hauv lub tog raj kheej tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj los ntawm hnav hauv lub nruas nruas. Los ntawm qhov loj me ntawm kev faib ua feem, nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab qhov kev thov: muaj qib thib ob, slag, limestone tsoo pob zeb . Qhov kim tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm pob zeb ntuj, tab sis ob qho tib si hauv pob zeb thiab granite muaj qee yam uas yuav tsum tau sau rau txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog rau qhov xav tau sai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Los ntawm fragmentation
Cov yam ntxwv no tau txiav txim siab raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb muab hauv GOST. Kev sib tsoo thiab sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv lub tog raj kheej yog nqa tawm siv qhov siab (nias). Tom qab tshuaj xyuas qhov tawg, qhov seem yog qhov hnyav. Cov zuaj zuaj yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom muaj yav dhau los thiab cov khib nyiab sib cais . Rau kev ua tiav, nws tau hais tseg rau cov xwm txheej qhuav thiab ntub.
Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov xav tau daim duab yog coj mus rau hauv tus account keeb kwm ntawm cov pob zeb tawg . Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av los yog cov pob zeb hloov pauv (qib 200-1200), los ntawm pob zeb ntawm cov roob hluav taws (600-1499) thiab granite - hauv nws, poob txog li 26% txhais tau tias qhov ntsuas qis tshaj - 400, thiab tsawg dua tshaj li 10% ntawm qhov tawg - 1000.
Zuaj zeb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov tseeb . Nws tau ntev tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim tshawb fawb. Limestone yuav luag peb zaug qis dua qhov uas ua los ntawm granite.
Los ntawm Frost tsis kam
Qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb hauv huab cua sov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau kev tsim kho txoj kev thiab kev tsim vaj tsev. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem poob nws qhov hnyav tag nrho, dhau los ntawm qhov khov tas mus li thiab yaj hauv qab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj . Cov qauv tshwj xeeb tau tsim los uas txiav txim siab txog qib kev lees paub ntawm qhov poob thaum muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej.
Qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv txoj kev yooj yim dua . - Piv txwv li, tso rau hauv sodium sulfate ntawm qee qhov kev xav thiab tom qab ziab. Lub peev xwm nqus dej yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov ntsuas tiv taus te. Ntau cov dej molecules sau qhov khoob hauv pob zeb, cov dej khov ntau hauv nws thaum txias. Lub siab ntawm cov muaju tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom.
Tsab ntawv F thiab cov lej lej qhia tus lej khov thiab thaw mus (F-15, F-150 lossis F-400) . Qhov cim kawg txhais tau tias tom qab 400 mus ob zaug cov pob zeb tawg tau poob tsis ntau dua 5% ntawm qhov muaj yav dhau los (saib cov lus).
Los ntawm plasticity
Lub npe lossis tus lej ntawm cov yas tau qhia los ntawm cov ntawv Pl (1, 2, 3). lawv tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov feem me me uas seem tom qab kev sib tsoo. GOST 25607-2009 muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis meej ntawm yas raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, uas yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab cov pob zeb hloov pauv uas muaj peev xwm sib tsoo hauv qab 600, sedimentary - M499 m ntawm pob zeb los ntawm 600 lossis tsawg dua. Txhua yam uas yog tus nqi siab dua yog Pl1.
Tus lej yas yog xam siv cov mis . Muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg cov cai uas txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho txoj kev.
Los ntawm kev puas tsuaj
Kev puas tsuaj yog qhov taw qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, txiav txim siab hauv tib lub nruas txee. Txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov hnyav vim yog cov khoom siv dag zog. Tom qab qhov kev sim, cov lej ntawm qhov hnyav yav dhau los muaj piv nrog cov uas tau txais tom qab kuaj. Nws yog qhov nkag siab yooj yim ntawm no, cov neeg siv khoom tsis xav tau cov qauv lossis cov rooj tshwj xeeb hauv GOST:
- I1 yog hom khoom lag luam zoo poob tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm nws qhov hnyav;
- I2 - qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav yog 35%;
- I3 - cim nrog qhov poob ntawm tsis ntau dua 45%;
- I4 - thaum sim, pob zeb tawg tau poob mus txog 60% vim yog qhov sib cais tawg thiab cov khoom sib cais.
Cov yam ntxwv muaj zog tau txiav txim siab ntau los ntawm kev kuaj sim hauv lub nruas ntim - txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Tsuas yog cov txheej txheem kho hauv GOST tau siv. Nws qhov tseeb raug lees paub los ntawm ob qhov kev ntsuas sib luag ntawm cov khoom siv zoo sib xws, kuj qhuav thiab ntub. Cov lej zauv yog qhia rau peb qhov txiaj ntsig.
Los ntawm kev cuam tshuam
Txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb pawg - cov qauv tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm cov hlau, nrog cov tshuaj khib, tus ntaus thiab cov coj. Cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj heev - ua ntej, faib cov feem ntawm 4 qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau xaiv, tom qab ntawd 1 kg ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw thiab ntau qhov ntom tau txiav txim siab . Y - qhov ntsuas tsis kam, xam los ntawm tus qauv. Tus lej tom qab tus lej cim txhais tau tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab, tom qab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov seem tsis ntau tshaj li ib feem pua.
Kev muag khoom feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim U - 75, 50, 40 thiab 30 . Tab sis cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev tsim cov khoom uas tas li raug rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv.
Qhov twg tsoo pob zeb los xaiv?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv lo, kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj ntshav yog ua kom yooj yim dua rau cov neeg siv khoom los txiav txim siab hom uas xav tau. Kev siv pob zeb tawg rau qhov xav tau sib txawv txhais tau tias xav tau qhov kev xaiv raug . Qhov tseeb, tsis yog tsuas yog qib ntawm cov nqi nyiaj txiag nyob ntawm nws nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Muaj kev txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tau zoo, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xwm txheej huab cua thiab cov lus qhia uas tus tsim tsev, kho vaj tsev lossis tus tsim qauv toj roob hauv pes npaj siab siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Lub zog thiab tus nqi yog nyob ntawm hom xaiv, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas uas xav tau . Txij li txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij pom nws nyuaj rau kev coj ua thaum pom nws tsim nyog rau qee yam kev xav tau.
Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau yog cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom
Granite yog ruaj thiab muaj ntau yam, zoo nkauj thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo . Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho ua haujlwm, nws ruaj khov thiab tiv taus te. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau thaum xaiv yog qib ntawm radioactivity. Nws tus nqi raug siab ntau dua li offset los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo.
Nrog rau pob nyiaj siv tsawg, koj tuaj yeem tig mus rau pob zeb tsoo zeb . Lub zog siab tshaj plaws, tiv taus te thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qis hauv qab ntawm cov khoom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nws rau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus, thiab feem ntawm 20-40 hli yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj pob zeb tawg, ua vaj tse, paving txoj kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tau them ntau dua li rau granite, thiab koj tseem tuaj yeem siv nws hauv kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Quartzite pob zeb tawg tau pom zoo kom siv rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj , tab sis tsis yog vim nws tsis zoo rau pob zeb lossis pob zeb hauv kev hais txog kev ua haujlwm zoo, nws tsuas yog sib txawv hauv kev pom kev zoo nkauj.
Limestone tsoo pob zeb yuav zoo li qhov kev ntxias vim nws tus nqi qis , txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem qis dua li peb yam uas tau teev tseg saum toj no hauv lub zog. Nws raug pom zoo tsuas yog hauv cov tsev ib-storey lossis ntawm txoj kev muaj tsheb tsawg.
Cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov cim yog qhov tsim nyog hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem loj lossis cov qauv tseem ceeb . Qhov loj ntawm cov zauv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - loj thiab me muaj qhov txwv txwv. Qhov xav tau ntau tshaj plaws - los ntawm 5 txog 20 mm - yuav luag thoob plaws rau txhua lub tsev xav tau ntawm tus tsim tshwj xeeb.
Pom zoo:
Ceev Ntawm Pob Zeb Tawg: Ntau Thiab Qhov Tseeb Ntom Ntawm Pob Zeb Tawg 5-20 Hli, 40-70 Hli Thiab Lwm Yam Feem, Rooj Thiab GOST, Qhov Nruab Nrab Ntom Ntawm Cov Dub Thiab Lwm Yam Pob Zeb Tawg
Crushed pob zeb ntom ntom: ntau thiab muaj tseeb. Qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yog 5-20 hli, 40-70 hli thiab lwm yam feem, cov lus thiab GOST, qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm cov dub thiab lwm yam pob zeb tawg
Cov Pob Zeb Tsoo Pob Zeb (41 Duab): 5-20 Hli Thiab 40-70 Hli. Puas Muaj Lwm Pab Pawg Twg? Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Pob Zeb Tawg Ntawm Qhov Zoo Thiab Lwm Yam Feem Hauv 1 M3, Pob Zeb Tawg Ntawm Qhov Loj
Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog cov pob zeb tawg? Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov feem ntawm 5-20 mm thiab 40-70 mm, puas muaj lwm cov zauv twg? Qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm kev nplua thiab lwm yam pob zeb tawg hauv 1 m3, thiab yuav xaiv cov khoom zoo li cas?
Qhob Tsis Muaj Pob Zeb Tsoo: Qhov Sib Piv Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Ntawm Cov Xuab Zeb Thiab Cov Cement Rau Lub Hauv Paus. Puas Yog Nws Tuaj Yeem Ua Cov Qhob Cib Rau Paving Slabs? Lub Zog
Puas yog nws tuaj yeem tsis ntxiv pob zeb tawg rau pob zeb ua ke? Qhob tsis muaj pob zeb tsoo: qhov sib piv ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement rau lub hauv paus. Yuav ua li cas los ua vaj tse rau paving slabs? Lub zog ntawm qhov tshwm sim muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov twg siv pob zeb tsis siv pob zeb tsoo? Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau dav hlau dav hlau?
Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Pob Zeb: Pob Zeb Tawg Dawb Hauv Hnab Thiab Lwm Yam, 5-10 Hli, 20-40 Hli Thiab Lwm Qhov Ntau Thiab Tsawg, Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj Pob Zeb Tawg Hauv Toj Roob Hauv Pes Tsim
Crushed marble hauv hnab 5-10 hli, 20-40 hli. Cov pob zeb tawg dawb thiab lwm yam ntawm qhov sib txawv me me. Hauv cov cheeb tsam twg yog hom khoom siv no? Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv dab tsi? Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Zeb Zom Zaws (30 Duab): 5-20 Hli, 40-70 Hli Thiab Lwm Feem Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Los Ntawm Pob Zeb. Qhov No Yog Dab Tsi? Nws Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Granite Thiab Lwm Yam Pob Zeb Tawg Hauv Hnab
Crushed pob zeb - nws yog dab tsi, qhov sib txawv ntawm crushed granite thiab pob zeb zoo li cas? 5-20 hli, 40-70 hli thiab lwm feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg los ntawm pob zeb. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb tawg
