Nthuav Cov Av Nplaum Ua Vaj Huam Sib Luag: Qhov Ntev Ntawm Cov Faib Ntu Thiab Cov Pob Zeb Ua Ntu, Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Nthuav Av Nplaum Qhob Thaiv Rau Sab Hauv Sab Hauv

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Nthuav av nplaum ua vaj huam sib luag yog qhov kev daws teeb meem txhim khu kev qha, cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev. Lawv tau sib sau sai sai, siv dav los faib qhov chaw sab hauv cov tsev nyob, cov chaw tsim khoom, chaw nres tsheb thiab cov tsev tsim tawm. Cov sib xyaw uas tsis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo raug hu ua cov khoom siv roj ntsha los yog cov khoom siv hauv eco.

Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj

Kev sib sau ua ke hnyav tau tsim rau kev lag luam raws li txoj cai nruj. Cov xuab zeb-cement puag, dej thiab nthuav av nplaum raws li cov khoom ntim tau siv los ua cov khoom xyaw. Cov pawg ua kom muaj zog tau tsim rau hauv cov txheej txheem thaiv uas siv lub vibrating xovxwm.

Thaum tsim kev sib xyaw, qhov sib piv sib piv hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tau pom, txawm hais tias cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tso cai hloov pauv hauv cov zaub mov noj . Kev ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog yog ua tiav vim qhov muaj tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov cement. Qhov ntom ntawm qhov thaiv nyob ntawm qhov xaiv cov muab tub lim. Piv txwv li, tuaj yeem xaiv cov pob zeb xws li pob zeb, shungizite, aggloporite.

Cov yas yas yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom lag luam zoo. Kev ntxiv cov yas thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntxiv.

Cia peb txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb uas siv rau kev faib khoom hauv thaj chaw nyob

• Yooj Yim , tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv siab ntawm cov qauv. Txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, qhov hnyav thiab tuab ntawm cov baffle raug txo qis thaum tsim khoom.
• Lub zog . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum txhawb qhov thaiv mus rau qhov loj dua, txhim kho kev ua tiav ntawm lub tsev.
• Tshav kub insulating thiab suab insulating zog . Cov khoom no nyob rau qib siab hauv txhua hom kev nthuav dav cov av nplaum ua vaj tsev, tshwj xeeb yog hauv cov khoob khoob.
• Yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa . Ua tiav nrog txhua hom txheej txheej thiab cov khoom siv.
• Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws . Qhov muab faib yuav tsum tsis txhob taws, txawm tias lwm qhov ntawm lub tsev raug hluav taws.
• Ib puag ncig phooj ywg . Cheebtsam ntawm cov thaiv tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
• Tus nqi qis . Kev suav suav suav nrog tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv.

Ecoblocks nrog nthuav av nplaum ua tau raws li txhua qhov xav tau ntawm cov qauv huv . Lub hauv paus granules muaj ntau dua li 85% huab cua, yog li txhua qhov kev co damped sab hauv. Cov cua sov ua kom sov ntawm cov khoom siv vim yog lub suab qis heev, uas ua kom muaj cua sov zoo heev ntawm lub tsev. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij suav nrog porosity siab, qhov tsis raug thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.

Frost tsis kam ntawm nthuav av nplaum qhob yog hauv kev xyaum qis dua li ntawm qee yam khoom cib. Vim tias muaj qhov tawg yooj yim, yuav tsum muaj tus lej sib txuas tseem ceeb, cov nqaws tau dav.

Hom kev txheeb xyuas

Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim thev naus laus zis, kev faib khoom tau muab faib ua ntau hom.

Monolithic

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ua tiav, siab zog. Txhawm rau txhawm rau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua daim ntawv nrog nthuav cov av nplaum sib xyaw ua ke, kev teeb tsa uas xav tau sijhawm ntxiv . Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom siv monoliths tsawg dua li lwm hom. Qhov kom zoo dua yog tias cov khoom tuaj yeem muab txhua qhov loj me thiab cov duab, ntxiv dag zog, ntxiv ntxiv nws lub zog.

Los ntawm cov khoom khov

Masonry yog ua los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj qhov khoob, tshwj tsis yog lub qhov hws ntuj hauv cov khoom sib sau. Hauv cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg me me, txawm tias cov phab ntsa uas muaj lub nra tuaj yeem tsim nrog lawv pab . Daim ntawv thov txo qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa thiab txuag chaw, thaum cov qauv muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov cuab yeej siv txuj ci.

Hollow

Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov thaiv uas muaj qhov khoob tseem ceeb sab hauv. Cov voids tau siv rau kev tso txoj kev loj, ua lub thawv rau qhov cua nkag, rau tso cov cua sov ua kom sov. Hollow partitions yog qhov hnyav, txav tau yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim hauv kev tsim . Ntxiv nrog rau lub cev tag nrho, lawv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa hauv ib nrab ntawm ib qho thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov lawv feem ntau tsim tsev nyob lub caij ntuj sov lossis chaw tso tsheb; cov tsev nyob tas mus li tau tsim los ntawm monoliths nrog kev txhawb nqa.

Thaiv xaiv

Kev muaj npe nrov ntawm cov thaiv ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tau nce qib cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los ua haujlwm nrog lawv ntau dua nrog cov cib. Cov txheej txheem masonry rau ob qho khoom siv no zoo ib yam, thaum cov txheej txheem thaiv tau yooj yim kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau hom plaster . Lub décor tsis tsuas yog saib zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Cov thaiv rau kev tsim vaj tsev raug xaiv rau ntau yam yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.

Hais txog cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov ntawv faib faib yog:

• nplaig-thiab-zawj;
• zoo tib yam lossis yooj yim;
• ces kaum;
• kab ncaj.

Tus nplaig-thiab-zawj vaj huam sib luag yog lub tsev tsim muaj peev xwm hloov pauv mus txog 15-20 ntu . Grooves tau muab tso rau hauv nws rau kev sib txuas lus. Hais txog qhov siab, lub tshuab ua haujlwm yog 2.5 m, thiab hais txog lub zog nws ntau dua li lwm cov qauv ua los ntawm nthuav av nplaum ua vaj tsev. Kev siv lub vaj huam sib luag ua rau txo lub sijhawm tsim kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov pom tseeb txuag ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yog siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho loj, uas xav tau kev koom tes ntawm pab pawg tag nrho. Ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm ntawd.

Kev tsim khoom tsis raug teeb tsa raws li cov qauv npaj rau. Nthuav av nplaum los yog Portland MAAs raug nias raws li cov qauv lees paub. Cov khoom hnyav tau cim raws li hauv qab no:

1. phab ntsa - "C";
2. npaj rau hollow partitions - "P";
3. ua kom tiav cov hauv ntej yog xaiv los ntawm tsab ntawv "L", ntiag tug - "P";
4. cov khoom hauv kaum tsev tau cim nrog "UG".

Qhov ntom tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lej qhia hauv cov khoom tom qab tsab ntawv "D ". Feem ntau ntawm cov hom ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav ua kom haum haum rau D500-D900 ntau yam. Tus qauv thaiv nrog qhov ntev ntawm 390x90x188 mm, nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntom ntawm cov khoom, hnyav txog 13 kg, thiab nrog 900th - 17 kg. Cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau tsim tawm txog 40 cm hauv qhov ntev, mus txog 18 cm hauv qhov siab thiab mus txog 19 cm hauv qhov dav. Panels rau sab hauv sab hauv tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov kab nqaim 88 cm dav.

Qhov taw qhia tom ntej yog te tsis kam . Txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv "F". Tus lej hauv qab no qhia tias muaj pes tsawg khov thiab thaws cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus. Nws txawv ntawm 15 txog 100; rau kev tsim kho hauv thaj chaw txias, thaiv nrog cov lej ntawm yam tsawg kawg 70 tau xaiv.

Kev tsim kho theem

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, muaj nyob hauv Tshuag:

• roulette;
• ib lub taub ntim khoob thiab tus duav;
• reinforcing tuav los yog fiberglass;
• zom;
• plumb kab thiab qib;
• sib koom ua ke kom ua raws cov nqaws dej;
• roj hmab mallet.

Txhawm rau ua cov masonry nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum npaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw . Koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav. Feem ntau, cov lus qhia ntxaws tau sau rau ntawm pob. Kev sib xyaw hauv tsev yog tsim los ntawm qib qib siab tshaj plaws thiab cov xuab zeb ua kom zoo. Qhov sib piv rau kev ntseeg tau feem ntau khaws cia tsawg kawg 1: 3. Cov dej txias tau lim, ntxiv rau cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb ua ke ntawm qhov of ntawm cov dej los ntawm qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov tshuaj.

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov sib tov sib xyaw nyob ruaj ruaj nyob ze. Yog tias tsis yog, siv lub thawv thiab tus duav. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nchuav me me dej, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb ua ke rau ib pawg. Tom qab sib tov kom huv, ntxiv dej ntxiv. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog siv tshiab - txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua kom khov, cov khoom sib txuas tau npaj tam sim ua ntej ua haujlwm.

Hauv qib tom ntej, lub hauv paus rau cov masonry tau muab . Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv. Ib qho chaw nto tau tiav los ntawm kev thov txheej txheej ntawm screed. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej tau muab tso rau saum toj - nyob ib puag ncig thiab qhov chaw uas yuav muab faib. Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom vov tsev lossis cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo ib yam yog siv rau cov laj thawj no.

Cov workpieces tau muab tso rau kev ua haujlwm raws li qhov loj me . Xaiv cov phiaj xwm teeb tsa - raws li txoj cai, hauv cov tsev nyob, cov vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa hauv ib qho thaiv.

Cov ces kaum tau muab tso ua ntej . Tom qab ntawd qhov tseeb raug tswj los ntawm kev rub txoj hlua ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Tom qab ntawd, thawj kab tau nteg, kho nrog kev daws teeb meem. Qhov pib ntawm kev txav mus los yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus, los ntawm qhov haujlwm pib. Cov voids tau maj mam nce qib, nce qhov dav ntawm cov nqaws. Tshem tawm tshaj, ua kev sib koom tes

Cov kab tom ntej tau tsau pib los ntawm qhov thib ob, ua rau me ntsis offset . Thaum tso, lawv khaws cov nqaim dav, tsis pub tsawg tshaj ib centimeter. Sai li sai tau ua tiav kab ntawv, nws tau tshuaj xyuas seb nws tau muab tusyees, vim tias yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Kev txhawb nqa nrog mesh, yog tias tsim nyog, tau ua tiav yam tsawg kawg tom qab peb kab.

Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom khi cov qauv rau cov phab ntsa uas muaj lub nra hnyav . Qhov no yog ua tiav siv cov pas nrig ntawm kev txhawb nqa nrog cov tshuaj khib, uas tau tso rau hauv qhov ua ntej qhov drilled qhov.

Hauv tsev ntiag tug lossis chav tsev, yuav tsum muaj lub qhov rooj hauv qhov muab faib . Qhov qhib yog tsim tsis yog hauv cov duab plaub xwb, tab sis kuj yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm arches. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom hollow, cov qauv tsim tau ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm ntug, sau lawv nrog cov nplaum lossis tshuaj khib. Tom qab ntawd cov hlau jumper tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov qhib. Kev siv tus nplaig-thiab-zawj vaj huam sib luag tso cai rau koj kho qhov qhib los ntawm kev tso qhov cuab lub zog rau hauv qhov zawj. Lub nplhaib hlau tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig qhov qhib, uas ntseeg tau tuav tus qauv.

Ib qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov muab faib thiab qab nthab, uas tau ntim nrog ua npuas ncauj . Ua npuas ncauj ua kom muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo dua qub.

Koj tuaj yeem kho cov thaiv hauv chav tsev tom qab ua tiav saum npoo . Cov ntawv ntsa tau muab tso rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, lossis lwm yam khoom dai kom zoo nkauj.