Foundation FBS Blocks (42 Duab): Qhov Zoo Thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo Ntawm Kev Siv Rau Lub Hauv Paus, Cov Khoom Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Raws Li GOST, Cov Lus Qhia Teeb Tsa I

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Lub hauv paus thaiv tso cai rau koj los tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov rau ntau yam qauv. Lawv sawv tawm tsam tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm monolithic cov qauv nrog lawv qhov ua tau zoo thiab nrawm ntawm kev npaj. Xav txog qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv, nrog rau kev teeb tsa ywj pheej ntawm cov qauv no.

Peculiarities

FBS thaiv tau siv rau kev tsim cov hauv paus thiab phab ntsa hauv qab daus, ntxiv rau khaws cov qauv (hla hla, choj, ramps). Txhawm rau kom cov hauv paus thaiv kom muaj lub zog siab ntsuas thiab ua haujlwm ntev, lawv yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 1800 kg / cu. m, thiab sab hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj huab cua voids . Lub hauv paus thaiv sab hauv tuaj yeem ua tawv lossis tsis tawv. Qhov hloov pauv tom kawg yog qhov ntau heev. Cov khoom siv dag zog tau ua kom xaj.

FBS ua haujlwm raws li kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, kev txhawb nqa tau teeb tsa hauv qhov khoob thiab puv nrog cov pob zeb. Lawv tau txiav tawm rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhim kho ntau yam kev sib txuas lus. Raws li GOST, txhua hom kev thaiv zoo li no tau siv rau kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa, cov kab hauv qab, thiab cov txheej txheem khov kho tau siv rau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus.

Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov blocks tau sib zog ntawm cov rooj vibrating; rau kev pov tseg, siv cov pwm tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb qhov ntsuas ntawm cov qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv uas cuam tshuam cov duab geometry tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov masonry ntom ntom ntom ntom, thiab cov nqaws loj dhau lawm yav tom ntej yuav yog qhov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv. Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm thiab ua kom lub zog nce ntxiv, cov pob zeb tau muab tso ua ke. Nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no, pob zeb muaj peev xwm ua tiav 70% kev ruaj ntseg hauv 24 teev.

Hais txog kev nruj thiab lub zog, lub hauv paus thaiv cov qauv tsis zoo rau cov hauv paus monolithic, tab sis lawv pheej yig dua thiab siv tau ntau dua. Lub hauv paus thaiv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov av uas muaj cov xuab zeb siab.

Hauv cov chaw uas muaj av nplaum thiab av zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso tseg kev tsim lub hauv paus no, vim tias cov qauv tuaj yeem sag, uas yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntxiv ntawm lub tsev.

Cov txheej txheem thaiv tau tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov av quab yuam. Hauv ib puag ncig uas cov kab ke siv tshuab tuaj yeem tawg, cov thaiv tsuas yog khoov. Qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus prefabricated tau lees paub vim yog cov qauv tsis-monolithic.

pros

Kev tsim vaj tsev siv FBS yog qhov xav tau zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom vim qhov zoo uas twb muaj lawm uas cov khoom siv hauv tsev no muaj.

• Kev ntsuas siab ntawm kev tiv taus te. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tuaj yeem tsim kho tau ntawm txhua qhov kub thiab txias, vim tias cov khoom muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb tiv taus te tiv taus. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem ua vaj tsev txuas ntxiv tsis hloov pauv hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qib qis.
• Siab tiv taus ib puag ncig txhoj puab heev.
• Cov nqi khoom siv tau.
• Ntau yam ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev tsim cov tsev me me, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb loj loj.

Qhov tsawg

Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej nqa tshwj xeeb, uas txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum ua qee yam nyiaj txiag them nqi xauj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.

Lub hauv paus thaiv yog muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, tab sis nws kev tsim kho tau cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov tsis yooj yim

• Cov nqi khoom siv rau kev xaum khoom nqa.
• Thaum cov thaiv tau teeb tsa ib leeg-ib-qhov, nti tau tsim hauv cov qauv, uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv dej ntxiv thiab rwb thaiv tsev cua sov. Txwv tsis pub, cov dej noo yuav nkag mus rau hauv chav, thiab los ntawm lawv txhua lub zog cua sov yuav tawm mus sab nraud. Yav tom ntej, cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv.

Saib

GOST, uas tsim cov cai rau kev tsim khoom ntawm FBS, muab rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm qhov ntev hauv qab no:

• ntev - 2380, 1180, 880 mm (ntxiv);
• dav - 300, 400, 500, 600 hli;
• qhov siab - 280, 580 hli.

Muaj 3 hom kev thaiv hauv paus rau kev tsim kho hauv qab daus thiab phab ntsa hauv av

• FBS . Cov cim qhia txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lub zog ntsuas ntawm cov khoom no siab dua li ntawm lwm yam. Tsuas yog hom no tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsev.
• FBV . Cov khoom lag luam sib txawv los ntawm hom yav dhau los hauv qhov uas lawv muaj kev txiav ntev, uas yog npaj rau kev tso cov kab hluav taws xob.
• FBP Puas yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua los ntawm cov qhob. Cov khoom ntim khoom hnyav muaj cov duab plaub fab qhib rau hauv qab.

Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv me me, xws li 600x600x600 mm thiab 400 mm loj. Txhua tus qauv yog cov duab plaub sib npaug nrog cov zawj ntawm qhov xaus rau kev nteg ntom ntom ntom ntom, ntim nrog qhov tshwj xeeb sib xyaw thaum tsim kho lub hauv paus lossis phab ntsa, thiab kev tsim cov hlua, uas lawv tau sib txuas rau kev hloov pauv.

FBS cov qauv tsim los ntawm silicate lossis nthuav av nplaum. Pawg muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum yog:

• tsis pub tsawg tshaj 7, 5 rau cov cim ua cim M100;
• tsis tsawg dua B 12, 5 rau cov cim cim M150;
• rau cov pob zeb hnyav - los ntawm B 3, 5 (M50) txog B15 (M200).

Kev tiv thaiv te ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 50 khov -thaw mus, thiab dej tsis kam - W2.

Hauv kev xaiv cov tsiaj, nws qhov ntev tau cim hauv decimeters, sib npaug. Lub ntsiab lus tseem piav qhia tus qauv ua piv txwv:

• T - hnyav;
• P - ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes;
• C - silicate.

Xav txog ib qho piv txwv, FBS -24-4-6 t yog cov qhob thaiv nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2380x400x580 mm, uas suav nrog cov pob zeb hnyav.

Qhov hnyav ntawm cov blocks yog 260 kg thiab ntau dua, yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej nqa tshwj xeeb yuav xav tau rau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus. Rau kev tsim cov tsev nyob, cov blocks feem ntau yog siv, qhov tuab yog 60 cm. Cov pawg neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog 1960 kg.

Raws li qhov loj me, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 13 hli, qhov siab thiab dav 8 hli, hauv qhov ntsuas ntawm kev txiav 5 hli.

Ntaus ntawv

2 hom thav duab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom thaiv tseem ceeb:

kab xev

kab ntawv

Cov qauv kab ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho cov qauv me me ntawm heaving, av xuab zeb, ntxiv rau cov av uas muaj qhov ntsuas dej hauv av siab. Daim kab xev prefabricated thav duab yog tsim rau ntau yam txheej txheem pob zeb hauv ib kab.

Ob hom ntawm cov hauv paus raug tso raws li tib lub thev naus laus zis rau cov thaiv. Cov khoom thaiv tau muab tso rau hauv cov cib tso (ib-rau-ib) siv cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tias cov pob zeb ua ke muaj qhov tsim nyog ua kua. Dej ntau dhau yuav rhuav tshem tag nrho cov qauv.

Txhawm rau ua kom lub zog ruaj khov ntawm lub hauv paus, ntxiv dag zog tau muab tso nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug kab ntawm cov khoom thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tom qab nchuav cov cement sib tov thiab tso kab tom ntej ntawm cov thaiv, lub hauv paus yuav muaj zog ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic.

Yog tias lub tsev phiaj xwm suav nrog chav tso tsheb hauv av, hauv qab daus lossis hauv qab daus, tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ua hauv av, uas yuav tsim lub hauv paus. Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb tau teeb tsa ua hauv pem teb rau hauv qab daus, lossis cov nplais monolithic screed tau nchuav.

Kev teeb tsa

Cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus rau kev teeb tsa tus kheej ntawm cov khoom thaiv suav nrog:

• kev npaj ua haujlwm;
• kev khawb av;
• kev npaj ntawm ib leeg;
• installation ntawm formwork thiab qhov cuab lub zog;

• txhaws hauv ncoo;
• tso cov blocks;
• waterproofing;
• kev txhim kho txoj siv hlua khi.

Kev npaj ua haujlwm

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov thav duab ntawm cov khoom thaiv, hauv qhov sib piv rau cov txheej txheem monolithic, tau tsim tsa hauv lub sijhawm luv. Thiab tom qab kev teeb tsa nws, koj tuaj yeem npaj ua cov phab ntsa. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau qhov no yog kev suav kom raug ntawm cov kab xev hauv paus.

• Qhov dav ntawm yav tom ntej lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog ntau dua li cov tuab tsim ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.
• Thaiv cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum hla mus rau hauv qhov npaj tau yooj yim, tab sis tib lub sijhawm yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw pub dawb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom.
• Qhov tob ntawm qhov trench hauv qab qhov ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus yog xam nyob ntawm qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej, ntawm qib av khov, nrog rau ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av.

Ua ntej pib nrog kev teeb tsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim daim duab ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej . Txog rau txoj haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum kos cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom thaiv. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov ntaub qhwv.

Feem ntau, qhov dav ntawm thawj kab ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv tau khaws cia ntawm 40 cm. Paub txog qhov xav tau tsim qauv thiab tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem mus rau tom khw muag khoom kho vajtse kom yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Kev khawb av

Thawj kauj ruam yog tshuaj xyuas lub tsev. Npaj qhov chaw cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yuav nyob. Thiab koj kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm, kev cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm.

• Cov ces kaum ntawm tus qauv yav tom ntej tau txiav txim siab, uas cov ceg txheem ntseeg tau muab tso rau . Ib txoj hlua lossis hlua raug rub nruab nrab ntawm lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd nruab nrab cov cim tshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa ntawm ntu ntu ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv thiab sab nrauv.
• Kev khawb av ntawm lub hauv paus yog tab tom ua . Raws li txoj cai, qhov tob ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum sib npaug rau qhov tob ntawm khov ntawm cov av nrog ntxiv ntawm 20-25 centimeters. Tab sis hauv qee thaj chaw, qhov tob ntawm khov ntawm cov av tuaj yeem yog txog 2 meters, tus nqi ntawm qhov kev npaj yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab qhov tob tau muab coj los ua tus nqi ntawm 80-100 cm.

Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv ncoo

Muaj 2 qhov sib txawv ntawm kev teeb tsa lub hauv paus thaiv: ntawm lub hauv ncoo xuab zeb lossis ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb. Qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov av tsis ruaj khov, tab sis kev tso pob zeb ua ke xav tau cov nqi thiab kev rau siab ntxiv. Ua ntej txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj hauv ncoo, txheej txheem teeb tsa rau ob qho kev xaiv yog tib yam. Cov txheej txheem tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb pib nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txhawb nqa.

Cov pob zeb tsoo ntawm 20-40 feem, xuab zeb, cov khoom siv tau npaj ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd cov theem hauv qab no ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua:

• phab ntsa thiab hauv qab ntawm lub qhov yog qib;
• hauv qab ntawm lub qhov yog them nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb rau 10-25 centimeters, watered nrog dej thiab ua tib zoo ua kom nruj;
• cov hauv ncoo hauv av tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm pob zeb (10 cm) thiab ua kom sib zog.

Formwork installation thiab kev txhawb zog

Rau kev sib sau ua ke, cov ntawv ua kom haum yog qhov tsim nyog, tuab uas yuav tsum yog 2.5 cm. Feem ntau nws tus kheej tapping screws tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Cov ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa raws cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov; xws li kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas nrog qib tsev.

Txhawm rau txhawb cov qauv, cov pas hlau uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1, 2-1, 4 cm tau siv. Lub hauv paus, kev txhawb nqa yog nqa tawm hauv 2 txheej, thaum lub hauv paus qis thiab sab saud tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov pob zeb tawg thiab tom qab nchuav. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov kab sib chaws, cov kab sib tshooj txhawb nqa tau npaj ua ntej rau hauv paus.

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsim lub tsev loj thiab hnyav, tom qab ntawd cov lej txheej ntxiv yuav tsum tau nce.

Ncuav hauv ncoo

Tag nrho cov qauv yog nchuav nrog pob zeb ua ke. Cov tshuaj khib yuav tsum tau maj mam nchuav rau hauv ib txheej. Kev txhaws txhaws hauv ob peb thaj chaw nrog cov khoom siv, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tawm huab cua ntau dhau. Qhov saum npoo hauv ncoo yog qib.

Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem, cov qauv raug tso tseg rau 3-4 lub lis piam txhawm rau kom nws tau txais lub zog txaus. Nyob rau hnub kub, cov pob zeb tau ua dej nrog dej ib ntus kom nws tsis tawg.

Thaiv masonry

Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus thaiv, lub crane yuav tsum tau nqa cov qauv loj. Koj thiab koj tus pabcuam yuav tsum tau kho cov khoom thaiv thiab teeb tsa lawv hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Rau kev teeb tsa, koj yuav xav tau kev kos cim M100. Qhov nruab nrab, kev teeb tsa ntawm 1 thaiv yuav xav tau 10-15 litres ntawm cov qhob sib xyaw.

Thaum xub thawj, cov thaiv tau teeb tsa ntawm lub ces kaum, rau kev qhia kom zoo dua, hlua raug rub nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab qhov dav ntawm FBS tau hloov pauv ib qib zuj zus. Cov kab thaiv tom ntej raug tso rau ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv qhov rov qab.

Kev tiv thaiv dej

Txhawm rau ua kom tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv cov kua mastic, uas tau ua tib zoo thov rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nag los hnyav, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo txhim kho txheej ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev.

Kev txhim kho txoj siv hlua khi

Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yav tom ntej, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Feem ntau, rau lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus qauv, ib txoj hlua txuas ntxiv tau muab pov rau ntawm kab saum npoo, tuab uas yog 20-30 centimeters. Rau kev ua kom tawv, siv qhov cuab lub zog (10 hli). Yav tom ntej, cov plag tsev yuav raug teeb tsa ntawm txoj siv no.

Cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tawm tsam qhov xav tau kev siv txoj hlua ntxiv, vim tias lawv ntseeg tias cov pob zeb txaus faib cov khoom thauj, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los teeb tsa lawv kom raug. Tab sis, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas twb tau ua haujlwm nrog tus qauv no, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej qhov teeb tsa ntawm txoj siv sia.

Kev tsim qauv tau ua raws li no:

• formwork tau teeb tsa raws txoj kab ntawm cov phab ntsa yooj yim;
• reinforcing mesh tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv;
• qhob tov yog nchuav.

Hauv theem no, kev teeb tsa lub hauv paus los ntawm cov khoom thaiv tau ua tiav. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis tsis yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem tsim nws nrog koj txhais tes, txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub dhau los. Los ntawm kev ua txhua yam raws li cov lus qhia, koj yuav txhim tsa lub hauv paus ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov uas yuav ua haujlwm tau lub neej ntev.

Lub tswv yim

Xav txog cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa cov hauv paus.

• Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej, vim nws tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm nag lossis daus.
• Rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov qauv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv polystyrene lossis nthuav polystyrene, uas tau teeb tsa sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm chav.
• Yog tias qhov loj ntawm cov qhob thaiv tsis sib haum rau thaj tsam ntawm lub hauv paus, voids yuav tsim ntawm cov khoom thaiv. Txhawm rau sau lawv, siv cov ntsiab lus ntxig monolithic lossis cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khoom sib sau no muaj lub zog zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv thaiv.
• Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho lub hauv paus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub tshuab thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev sib txuas lus yuav muaj nyob rau yav tom ntej.
• Hloov chaw ntawm cov cement sib tov, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj nplaum tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb.

• Thaum tsim lub hauv paus sawb, koj yuav tsum tso qhov rau qhov cua nkag.
• Tom qab ua tiav kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm, rau ib puas feem pua teeb tsa cov khoom siv, koj yuav tsum tau tos txog 30 hnub.
• Tom qab npaj cov cement loj, nws raug txwv tsis pub ntxiv dej rau nws, vim qhov no yuav ua rau poob qhov ua tau zoo.
• Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tsim lub hauv paus los ntawm cov thaiv hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Qhov no yuav pab kom zam qee qhov nyuaj nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev khawb lub hauv paus av. Tom qab los nag, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov av tau qhuav tag, tom qab uas nws tau tso cai rau mus nrog kev teeb tsa.
• Yog tias lub pob zeb twb tau nchuav lawm thiab nws tau pib los nag, tag nrho cov qauv yuav tsum tau npog nrog yas qhwv. Txwv tsis pub, lub pob zeb yuav tawg.