Grafting Riam: Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Tina Hom Qauv. Cov Riam Los Ntawm Solingen, Victorinox Thiab Raco Txawv Li Cas?

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Yog tias koj tsis muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo ntoo, nws yog qhov feem ntau vim yog siv rab riam tsis zoo. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo yog 85% nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov hniav txiav, tsis hais seb koj tab tom ua haujlwm nrog kua, pear, sawv lossis lwm yam nroj tsuag.

Peculiarities

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev sib tsoo riam tsis txawv hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau yam kev tsim.

Muaj 3 hom khoom siv zoo li no

• Hloov rab riam -nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov hniav nkhaus thiab ua kom zoo ob npaug rau ob sab. Nws yog siv rau kev cog qoob loo nrog lub raum lossis lub qhov muag. Cov txheej txheem no hauv kev siv tshuab ua liaj ua teb hu ua "budding", thiab yog li lub npe ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.
• Riam riam phom ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab tawv steel, muaj ib txoj hlab txiav ncaj, ntse ib sab. Optimal rau grafting los ntawm kev txiav.
• Riam riam - cov cuab yeej zoo uas tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntawm cov duab plaub, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov hu ua horn rau tawg paj yog nyob ntawm nws. Cov cuab yeej tau nruab nrog "pob txha" ua los ntawm yas lossis hlau - ntu no yog nyob ntawm tus tes tuav thiab pab thawb cov ntoo tawv ntoo ntawm qhov txiav.

Txhua hom riam yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev txiav zoo tshaj plaws, uas suav tias yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev koom nrog cov nqaij mos ntawm tsob ntoo thiab kev muaj sia nyob siab.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Tsis tas yuav muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb los xaiv riam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tsuas yog ib yam - cov cuab yeej no yuav tsum tau muab txiav ntau heev, uas txhais tau tias cov hniav yuav tsum ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qee qhov nuances:

• yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov thais thiab thais ntawm ntug ntawm cov hniav;
• qhov txiav saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo zoo rau daim iav zoo li qhov cuam tshuam;
• tuav yuav tsum yog ergonomic thiab lub cev, nws yuav tsum yooj yim thiab xis los ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej no;
• rab riam zoo yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 hli, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv riam nrog qhov ntsuas tsim nyog ntawm 1.5 hli, tab sis yog tias koj siv cov tuab tuab txiav, lawv yuav ua rau cov nqaij mos ntawm tsob ntoo, uas ua rau wilting ntawm ceg ntoo.

Qhov ntse ntawm cov hniav yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas hauv khw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nqa daim ntawv A4 ib txwm thiab tuav nws hauv koj txhais tes, txiav. Lawv yuav tsum yog txawm tias, thiab yog tias tom qab 10-15 txiav, cov npoo pib zoo li tawg, tsis kam yuav cov cuab yeej zoo li no.

Raws li cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas, kev cog qoob loo riam ntawm cov hom Graft Pro, Solingen, Victorinox txaus siab rau txhua qhov kev xav tau no. Cov qeb duas tseem suav nrog Ageev txoj kev siv riam, hom Raco, Due Buoi, Tina, Felco thiab Fiskars. Tus nqi ntawm cov riam no zoo heev, tab sis cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws, lawv tuaj yeem ua txog 2000 txhaj tshuaj yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

Daim ntawv thov

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ua ob txoj hauv kev:

• budding - thaum 2 buds yog grafted los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm cov hauv paus;
• kev sib sau ua ke - hauv qhov no, cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov hauv paus tau koom nrog txoj kev txiav, thiab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov txiav thiab cov nroj tsuag muaj tib txoj kab uas hla txiav.

Riam yog yooj yim heev los siv . Cia peb xav txog qhov piv txwv yooj yim. Cia peb hais tias koj npaj yuav graft apricot rau plum siv kev sib xyaw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau txiav ceg apricot ntawm cov tuab tib yam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas plum tua, cov hauv paus ntawm plum yuav pib pub nws ib yam nkaus.

Txhawm rau pib nrog, txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom ntev li 15-20 cm los ntawm hauv av, ceg apricot raug txiav thiab ntu ntawm qhov loj me tau xaiv. Qhov kev txiav yuav tsum yog kab rov tav nruj me ntsis yam tsis muaj qhov tob thiab qhov quav.

Ntawm ceg apricot, siv rab riam txiav, txiav ob txoj kab txiav rau ob sab kom lawv ntev li ntawm 5 cm, nws zoo dua tso lub xub pwg me me rau saum toj sib npaug ntawm cov tawv ntoo.

Ntawm tsob ntoo plum, kev sib cais tau ua zoo ib yam, yog li koj tsim qhov chaw rau kev cog qoob loo . Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum txuas cov scion mus rau cov khoom lag luam kom lawv sib haum sib zog ua ke, thaum tsis ua rau cov tawv ntoo puas. Qhov nruj tuav, sai apricot yuav paus.

Lub hlws ris tau qhwv nrog cov ntaub yas los yog daim kab xev, tuav cov nplaum nrog sab tes xis, thiab tom qab 1, 5-2 lub lis piam, cov txiaj ntsig tau tshuaj xyuas - yog tias cov paj pib o tuaj ntawm ceg apricot, tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav.

Nws raug nquahu kom ua txhua ntu hauv ib qho lus tsa suab, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws yuav tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ua kom zoo zoo, uas yog vim li cas cov riam txiav yuav tsum yog qhov zoo thiab ntse li sai tau.

Riam yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej siv. Yog tias koj tsis muaj cawv nyob ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj potassium permanganate lossis daws cov tooj liab sulfate, hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav - tsuas yog tuav cov hniav hauv nplaim taws rau ob peb feeb.

Riam yog qhov ua rau raug mob, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm yooj yim, tsis muaj teeb meem coj tus riam nrog ntug rau ntawm koj.

Nws nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv cov cuab yeej paub rau lwm lub hom phiaj .- lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txhua yam uas los rau ntawm tes, txwv tsis pub koj yuav sai sai yuav tsum tau yuav ib qho tshiab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nws huv thiab qhuav, tom qab siv txhua zaus nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog daim ntaub thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, so nrog cov tshuab roj.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov cuab yeej tau ntim rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav tsum tau muab rab riam hlais thiab muab khaws cia rau hauv chav sov uas muaj cov av qis.

Ua kom pom tseeb

Txawm tias rab riam zoo tshaj plaws yuav sai dua lossis tom qab dhau los ua npub thiab xav tau kev kho. Qhov tseeb, kev npaj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej txhua txoj haujlwm - tom qab tag nrho, koj txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev ua kom pom tseeb tsis yog tsuas yog ntse, tab sis ntse heev. Kev txiav hniav yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog "txiav" daim ntawv, tab sis kuj tseem txiav plaub hau ntawm lub cev.

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov xav tau ntse, yuav tsum siv cov ntxhib thiab nplua, nrog rau cov ntawv xuab zeb . Rau "ua kom tiav" koj yuav xav tau GOI polishing muab tshuaj txhuam thiab tawv pluaj. Txhua yam koj xav tau tuaj yeem yuav ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse, ntxiv rau, ntawm "npib" tus nqi.

Nco ntsoov tias kev ntse yuav siv sijhawm ntev heev. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nqa rab riam hauv koj txhais tes kom cov hniav txav ntawm koj mus, koj yuav tsum tso lub taub ntim dej nrog nws nyob ib sab. Lub bar tseem tau tso nyob ze, nrog rau qhov loj-textured nto.

Cov hniav yuav tsum tau moistened thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov thaiv ntawm kaum ntawm 15-25 degrees . Nrog kev txav mus los hauv qhov siab me ntsis, koj yuav tsum txav cov hniav txiav mus rau ntawm lub bar, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua txog 20-30 qhov kev txav mus los. Tom qab ntawd lub bar yuav tsum tau tig dua, rov ua dua txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib sab nrog cov feem zoo.

Tom qab cov kauj ruam no, feem ntau muaj ntau lub ntsej muag jagged ntawm cov hniav uas yuav tsum tau ua kom du tag nrho.

Lapping yog ua tiav ntawm emery, thawj txhuam ntawm qhov ntxhib, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm qhov feem me me. Thaum ua cov haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum tswj hwm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 15-25 degrees.

Qee lub sij hawm, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm daim ntawv, yog tias cov hniav yooj yim txiav daim ntawv raug tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd txhua qhov tsis xws luag tau raug tshem tawm thiab koj tuaj yeem npaj mus rau qhov ua tiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lawv siv txoj hlua khi, txhuam nws nrog polishing muab tshuaj txhuam, kho nws mus rau qhov kev txhawb nqa, ncab nws thiab rov ua tib yam kev ua haujlwm kom cov hniav ua tiav zoo.

Nco ntsoov tias pastes tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv tus lej, nws zoo dua los pib nrog N4, thiab ua kom tiav nrog txhuam zoo hauv N1.

Cov txheej txheem no ntev thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, txawm li cas los xij, yog ua tiav kom raug, yog li ntawd, koj yuav tuaj yeem ua tiav kev cog qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws thiab txaus siab rau kev sau qoob loo tshiab.