Polyurethane Ua Npuas Ncauj (54 Daim Duab): Cov Yam Ntxwv Tshwj Xeeb Thiab Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg, Ob Yam Khoom Sib Xyaw Rau Kev Ntim Cov Kab Nrib Pleb, Hom Thiab Noj

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev ntau yam, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tau nrov ntev. Cov khoom siv no tau siv hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev kho, tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub tias yam khoom no muaj ntau npaum li cas thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj siv tau npuas ua kom raug hauv txheej txheem kho. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev xaiv cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus pom zoo rau nws siv.

Peculiarities

Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog ib yam khoom uas yog cov tshuaj fluoropolymer uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb sib xws uas hloov pauv thaum siv ncaj qha. Tsis tas li ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem pom polyol thiab isocyanate. Cov khoom lag luam raug tsim tawm hauv cov kaus poom tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus uas nyob hauv siab. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv los ua cov khoom ua npuas vim yog lub zog siab.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv foob no yog kev hloov pauv hauv lub xeev kev sib sau ua ke hauv qee qhov xwm txheej . Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim yog kev sib cuag ntawm cov qauv ua npuas dej nrog cov dej noo hauv huab cua thiab ntawm qhov chaw kho. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib cuag no, polyurethane ua npuas tawv tawv, polymerization tshwm sim hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Xws li lub foob foob muaj tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas txawv nws los ntawm lwm cov sib txuas uas siv hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho thiab kho. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua npuas dej, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tso tawm tau suav nrog, uas ntsuas hauv litres. Qhov ntsuas no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ua npuas dej (ua npuas dej), nrog rau cov tshuaj uas tawm hauv lub khob.

Qhov ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ua rau lub zog ua rau lub substrate . Ntau qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem, feem ntau yog cib, pob zeb, yas, ntoo. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaum yog siab heev nrog cov khoom siv no, tab sis nrog cov txheej txheem xws li cov tawv nqaij oily, silicone, dej khov thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws, tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo.

Ua npuas dej yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem dej npau ntawm cov khoom hauv lub ntim . Nws tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm huab cua thiab qhov siab hauv lub tog raj kheej. Thaum cov tshuaj tawm hauv pob, ua npuas. Vim muaj cov khoom siv silicone nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua npuas loj khaws qee yam zoo. Qhov tsis muaj silicones tuaj yeem ua rau ua txhaum qhov sib xws ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum ua npuas ncauj.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau tso cai rau cov npuas tawg, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov npuas tsis tawm ntawm cov ua npuas ncauj. Tsuas yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dhau raug tshem tawm ib txwm. Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm tus lej kaw thiab qhib cov npuas, nws qhov tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Kev nthuav dav yog txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas tshwm sim tom qab ua npuas ncauj. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm prepolymer rau ib puag ncig. Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom ua npuas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov dej noo, thaum lub sijhawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide tso tawm thiab cov tshuaj polyurethane tau tsim. Nws yog nyob rau theem no uas cov tshuaj nthuav dav, sau cov cheeb tsam xav tau. Nws ntseeg tias cov tuam txhab ua npuas dej yuav tsum ua tib zoo tswj cov txheej txheem no kom tsis txhob nthuav dav ntau ntxiv, tab sis ntau tus xav tias cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem txuag tau cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm kho.

Kev nthuav dav thib ob yog txheej txheem uas tshwm sim tom qab cov khoom muaj polymerized . Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsis zoo, vim nws cuam tshuam rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev rov nthuav dav tuaj yeem tshwm sim feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam sab nraud, piv txwv li, nce qhov kub thiab txias. Tab sis qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb yog keeb kwm ntawm cov roj cua uas cov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv rau ua npuas dej. Cov khoom lag luam zoo, raws li txoj cai, tsis raug rau qhov nthuav dav lossis nqaim.

Qee tus neeg tsim khoom tau pom tias yuav muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntxiv nrog cov khoom lag luam uas tsim tawm hauv lub tog raj kheej nrog lub raj.

Qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov viscosity ntawm cov khoom . Nws txiav txim siab qhov sib xws ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm nws. Nrog kev hloov pauv kub, qhov viscosity feem ntau ua txhaum.

Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Nws cov thermal conductivity tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov npuas dej. Tus neeg ua npuas dej yog qhov zoo rau rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis nws feem ntau yog siv rau thaj tsam me me lossis qee qhov nqaws, vim tias nws yuav kim heev rau insulate qhov chaw loj nrog ua npuas ncauj.

Nyob ntawm hom kev sib xyaw, ua npuas dej tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv. Nws raug xaiv raws li hom kev npaj ua haujlwm, vim qhov ntsuas no txawv rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv.

Cov yam ntxwv xim ntawm lub foob foob yog lub teeb daj . Yog tias qhov saum npoo tsis tau npaj kom zoo, cov xim tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tshav ntuj thiab tig txiv kab ntxwv. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau kom nws ntev dua, kho cov khoom siv nrog putty lossis plaster.

Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm tus tsim khoom. Tab sis qhov nruab nrab, nws txawv ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib thiab ib nrab xyoo. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv lub foob, vim tias vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom, nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov xav tsis thoob thaum ua haujlwm.

Saib

Thaum yuav kev tsim ua npuas dej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xaiv qhov sib xyaw uas koj xav tau, vim tias qee zaum nws yooj yim rau cov khoom hom. Yog li, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nkag siab ua ntej kev faib tawm ntawm hom polyurethane ua npuas ncauj raws li qee yam kev ntsuas.

Thawj lub cim uas qhia txog tus foob yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg

• Ib-feem formulations . Cov no suav nrog cov khoom lag luam uas muag hauv lub tog raj kheej npaj siv. Cov npuas dej no muaj cov yam ntxwv txheej txheem teev tseg saum toj no. Lub npe thib ob rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pov tseg hauv aerosols yog ua npuas dej hauv tsev. Cov khoom lag luam no tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ntim qis dua ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej hauv kev sib piv nrog cov qauv tsim.
• Ob-tivthaiv ua npuas ncauj suav nrog cov khoom sib ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej ua tiav kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm. Cov ua npuas dej no yog tsim rau rab phom tsim tshwj xeeb.

Cov khoom siv ob-txheej muaj peev xwm ua kom tawv nrawm dua li lawv cov khoom sib xyaw ib leeg, thiab lawv kuj tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm qib siab dua ntawm polymerization.

Tab sis txij li nws yuav ua haujlwm hnyav thiab kim rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev tsim kho ntau yam los siv cov khoom sib xyaw no, lawv xav tau feem ntau ntawm cov kws txawj ua haujlwm. Cov txuj ci ua npuas no tsis siv tau.

Lwm qhov cim ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm polyurethane ua npuas dej yog nws tiv taus rau ntau yam kub.

Muaj ntau ntau yam

• Lub caij ntuj sov . Nws tau siv ntawm qhov kub zoo - los ntawm 5 txog 35 degrees Celsius.
• Lub caij ntuj no . Nws yog siv hauv cov huab cua txias - ntawm qhov kub qis dua -20 degrees Celsius. Qhov ntau yam no muaj qhov nthuav dav zuj zus, uas yog nws qhov tsis zoo. Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov ua tau zoo dua ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg rau saum npoo, nws qee zaum tsim nyog los ntub nws los ntawm lub raj mis tsuag. Txhawm rau ua npuas dej ua haujlwm ib txwm, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov kub ntawm lub tog raj kheej, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob poob qis dua 20 degrees, txawm tias nyob rau lub caij txias.
• Cov khoom txhua lub caij tib yam yog siv rau ntau qhov kub thiab txias - los ntawm 10 degrees qis dua xoom txog 30 degrees Celsius.

Nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov nplaum ua npuas dej hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws.

Raws li qib kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, ntau hom kev sib xyaw kuj tseem muaj qhov txawv:

• B1 - chav kawm no qhia tias muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj kev tiv thaiv siab kom qhib hluav taws.
• B2 yog qhov taw qhia tias cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txo tus kheej.
• B3 qhia txog ua npuas dej uas tsis tiv taus cua sov. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ib hom kev foob xws li ua npuas dej. Tab sis nws tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntawm cov dej noo thiab zoo rau siv hauv chav dej thiab pas dej da.

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev faib tawm muab, polyurethane ua npuas dej yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov huab cua thiab qhov kub thiab txias.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Kev tsim ua npuas dej muaj ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:

• kev sib khi;
• tsis hnov suab;
• mounting (txuas);
• rwb thaiv tsev cua sov.

Txhua ntawm cov haujlwm no tau ua tiav hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv.

Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov tsim lub foob foob muaj xws li hauv qab no:

• Ua kom sov ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev lag luam. Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj feem ntau siv los kaw qhov tawg thaum thaiv lub qhov rooj qhov rooj lossis lub tsev rau khoom.
• Kho qhov rooj, phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag, qhov rai.
• Vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv no tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej ntxiv thiab ua kom tsis muaj suab nrov ntawm chav, nws feem ntau siv los txhawm rau txhawm rau ntau qhov khoob thaum ua kev kho loj hauv thaj chaw nyob.
• Cov khoom siv feem ntau kuj tseem siv ua qhov txuas sab hauv sab hauv.

Noj

Tseem ceeb heev rau ob tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tsim kev paub tsis tau zoo yog qhov qhia tau tias yog kev siv cov khoom sib dhos. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm kho, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev thaum xam cov khoom siv.

Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ua npuas dej siv

• Huab cua kub thaum ua haujlwm ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tuaj yeem muab kev nthuav dav ntxiv thiab txuag nyiaj txiag.
• Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov khoom siv ntawm qhov chaw uas ua npuas dej. Cov qib ntawm cov nplaum ntawm cov nplaum thiab cov khoom sib txawv tsis zoo ib yam. Qee qhov chaw nqus dej noo zoo dua, thiab qee qhov ua rau dej tawm. Tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov ua npuas dej thiab nws siv.
• Nta ntawm kev tsim cov sealant. Feem ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom tsim ua npuas dej nrog rau qee qhov kev nthuav dav thawj. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm los qhia cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm lub ntim khoom kom nws yooj yim dua rau tus neeg yuav khoom los laij cov khoom siv xav tau. Rau cov neeg tsim khoom ncaj ncees, kev siv tus nqi ib txwm nyob nrog qhov tseeb.

Cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem yog 50 litres, uas yog ncaj qha sib piv rau kev sib sau ua ke, uas tsis pub ntau tshaj ob centimeters hauv qhov dav thiab 5 cm qhov tob. Yog tias nws tsis tshaj 3 square metres, tom qab ntawd tus nqi ntws tuaj yeem ntau dua 7 m3, uas yog sib npaug rau 123 thooj voos kheej kheej. Tab sis yog tias thaj chaw nyob ntau dua 3 m2, tom qab ntawd kev noj haus tau txo qis.

Ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum suav rau qhov tseem ceeb xws li ntim ntawm 1 lub tog raj kheej. Cov qauv txheem yog 750 ml. Tab sis lwm qhov loj me kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom.

Hom kev thov

Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog siv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw.

Nws daim ntawv thov suav nrog ntau theem

• Yog tias koj tsis xav siv sijhawm ntau los ntxuav koj txhais tes tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm, hnav hnab looj tes roj hmab. Lawv yuav tiv thaiv koj los ntawm cov tawv nqaij tsis huv.
• Lub hau yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab, nyob ntawm seb hom cuab yeej siv li cas, lub raj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum txuas nrog lub valve lossis rab phom yuav tsum tau muab ntsaws rau.
• Txhawm rau ua kom sib xws ntawm cov khoom hauv lub thawv homogeneous, nws tau pom zoo kom co cov tshuaj kom huv. Kev co yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 60 vib nas this.
• Qhov saum npoo uas yuav tsum tau siv cov nplaum yuav tsum tau kho nrog dej.
• Lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum tuav kom nws nyob rau sab nraub qaum, vim qhov no yog qhov ua npuas ncauj zoo tshaj plaws.
• Tsiv los saum toj mus rau hauv qab, sau qhov khoob los ntawm 1/3. Qhov chaw seem yuav tau sau thaum lub sijhawm nthuav tawm.
• Thaum ua npuas dej puv txhua qhov chaw khoob, nws raug nquahu kom tsuag nws nrog dej. Qhov no yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem khov kawg.

Lub sij hawm kom qhuav

Lub sijhawm nws siv rau ua npuas dej kom tau txais qhov tawv thiab qhuav zoo sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas:

• Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim ua npuas dej ntawm ntau yam zoo. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom uas qhuav hauv ntau lub sijhawm.
• Txhawm rau tsis txhais cov khoom lag luam, nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau hom kev ziab khaub ncaws, thiab rau txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj qee lub sijhawm. Cov txheej txheej tawv tawv tom qab li 20 feeb. Koj tsuas tuaj yeem siv lub cuab yeej tshem tawm cov npuas ntau dhau tom qab 4 teev, thiab qhov ua kom khov kawg yuav tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 24 teev.
• Txhawm rau ua kom lub sijhawm qhuav, tsis tsuas yog lub hauv paus tau txau nrog dej, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov nws tus kheej.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj polyurethane ua npuas dej, uas nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb kev ntsuas ntawm cov tuam ntxhab.

German tuam txhab Dr. Schenk tau paub thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab muaj ntau ceg nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Russia. Lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom sib xyaw rau siv sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov. Txhua yam khoom ua ke tau txais qib zoo thiab tsim nyog tus nqi.

Estonian tuam txhab Penosil tsim cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj nrog qhov dav dav ntawm kev thov. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no feem ntau siv tsis yog hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho vaj tsev, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Nrog lawv qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom thiab qhov nthuav dav qis, cov sib txuas yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov qhov rooj.

Kev tsim ua npuas dej zoo yog tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab Belgian Soudal … Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tuam txhab no yog kev siv tas li txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov khoom. Ntau thiab ntau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau siv tas li txhawm rau ua lub foob kom yooj yim siv tau. Cov khoom lag luam kuj tseem xav tsis thoob.

Hom los ntawm Russia tsis qis dua rau cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws. Tuam txhab Muaj tiag tsim tawm ob qho kev tshaj lij thiab ib nrab kev tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom haujlwm thiab qhov kub thiab txias.

Ruaj Proflex nto moo rau kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb ua npuas dej foob. Ntawm lawv muaj kab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kho ceeb toom tias cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab no yuav luag zoo ib yam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam European.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm lub tuam txhab tau txawv los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb zoo Makroflex … Nws tau sau tseg tias ua npuas dej tsis tawg tom qab ziab, tsis tawg thiab tsis plam nws qhov zoo li qub tau ntev.

Lub tuam txhab twg koj xaiv, nco ntsoov nyeem cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas ua ntej yuav khoom ua npuas ncauj. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv yuav yog kev sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij.

Cov Tswv Yim

Hauv cov lus qhia ua haujlwm rau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, nyob deb ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account.

Cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tsim khoom yuav coj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub foob thiab nws xaiv:

• Tus nqi ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qib cov av noo hauv chav. Yog tias microclimate hauv chav tau qhuav, tom qab ntawv khov kho yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua.
• Yog tias koj tau ntim cov pob qij txha me me lossis qhov khoob, nco ntsoov yuav ua npuas dej nthuav dav, uas yuav txuag koj qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khawb cov khoom siv ntau dhau thiab yuav pab koj sau cov pob qij txha kom zoo li sai tau.
• Ib rab phom tsim kho zoo tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom ua npuas hauv nws tus kheej tsis pub dhau 3 hnub.

Thaum yuav khoom siv ua npuas dej, nco ntsoov nqa lub tog raj kheej hauv koj txhais tes. Cov khoom lag luam zoo feem ntau muaj qhov hnyav, thiab thaum tshee, koj tuaj yeem xav tias cov khoom sib xyaw txav los ntawm ib kawg ntawm pob mus rau lwm qhov.

• Them sai sai rau qhov pom ntawm lub zais pa. Yog tias muaj cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm nws, qhov no yuav txhais tau tias cov khoom sib xyaw tau khaws cia hauv qhov tsis tsim nyog.
• Thaum xaiv phom rau kev sib dhos foob, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom nres ntawm cov qauv hlau uas muaj cov qauv siv tau yooj yim. Cov kev xaiv no yooj yim rau siv thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis kim - txog 500 rubles. Rau ntau tus, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv ntawm lub cuab yeej, xws li cov hlau tsis huv. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov muaj tus tswj hwm uas txiav txim siab txog qib kev ua npuas dej daws teeb meem.
• Yog tias koj muaj qhov dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog ua npuas dej, nws raug nquahu kom yuav lub tshuab nqus tsev tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv ntawd. Cov khoom siv hauv qab no suav nrog hauv lub tshuab ua kom huv: acetone, dimethyl ether thiab methyl ethyl ketone. Tag nrho cov khoom siv no tau ntim rau hauv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb aerosol, uas tseem tuaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub taub hau rau rab phom.

• Yog tias koj txiav txim siab sau cov crevices nrog ua npuas dej, tom qab ntawd nco ntsoov tias lawv cov tuab tsis tshaj 5 centimeters. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav xaus nrog kev siv cov khoom siv ntau dhau lossis kev hloov pauv yam tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau, piv txwv li, nthuav dav ntau dhau.
• Yog tias cov tshuaj ua npuas tau txais ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij lossis khaub ncaws, nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav tam sim tam sim cov av, txwv tsis pub nws yuav nyuaj dua los ua cov khoom qhuav.
• Dua li qhov tseeb tias lub rooj sib txoos foob tsis tso dej kom dhau mus, tab sis khaws nws sab hauv nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos thaum nqus tau, ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo siv ua npuas dej tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Ua ntej txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tiav sab nrauv, txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua.

Coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov kev pom zoo thiab kev xaiv rau siv cov khoom siv xws li kev tsim ua npuas dej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom no koj tus kheej hauv ntau yam haujlwm thiab ua rau ib puag ncig zoo dua.