Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev: Pes Tsawg Meters Nyob Hauv Ib Yob? Thickness Ntawm 1 Txheej, Dav Thiab Ntev Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev. Npaum Li Cas 1 M2 Hnyav T

Cov txheej txheem:

Video: Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev: Pes Tsawg Meters Nyob Hauv Ib Yob? Thickness Ntawm 1 Txheej, Dav Thiab Ntev Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev. Npaum Li Cas 1 M2 Hnyav T

Video: Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev: Pes Tsawg Meters Nyob Hauv Ib Yob? Thickness Ntawm 1 Txheej, Dav Thiab Ntev Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev. Npaum Li Cas 1 M2 Hnyav T
Video: peb los nrhiav tau chaw so thiab los noj hmo yuav mus pw 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev: Pes Tsawg Meters Nyob Hauv Ib Yob? Thickness Ntawm 1 Txheej, Dav Thiab Ntev Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev. Npaum Li Cas 1 M2 Hnyav T
Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev: Pes Tsawg Meters Nyob Hauv Ib Yob? Thickness Ntawm 1 Txheej, Dav Thiab Ntev Ntawm Cov Khoom Vov Tsev. Npaum Li Cas 1 M2 Hnyav T
Anonim

Cov khoom vov tsev lossis cov ru tsev muaj kev xav yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev raws li bituminous impregnation. Nws lub hom phiaj yog ua laj kab hlau, ua vaj tse thiab xis mas, ntoo, cib thiab ua npuas ncauj thaiv ib leeg. Nws thawj daim ntawv thov yog tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus hauv thawj kab ntawm phab ntsa masonry.

Txuj ntau thiab tsawg

Ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm GOST No. 10923-1993 - qhov ntev tau xaiv rau kev tsim khoom (tus lej hauv ib lub yob ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev), qhov dav ntawm kab txaij tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub yob, thiab cov tuab tuab. Txawm hais tias muaj txoj cai nruj, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom vov tsev tsim nws raws li TU (kev qhia tshwj xeeb).

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Dav

Qhov dav ntawm kab txaij ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev yog ib 'meter'. Raws li TU, qhov ua siab ntev yog 5 cm hauv ob qho kev qhia los ntawm tus nqi no. Qee lub tsev tsim khoom tsim cov khoom siv raws li bitumen impregnation tau teeb tsa cov khoom siv vov tsev nrog cov kab dav dav ntawm 102, 5 thiab 105 cm . Cov nyiaj khaws cia tau siv los sib npaug cov kab sib dhos tso rau ib sab. Qhov dav tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus yog 75 cm, tus nqi no twb yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (ib hlis twg tsawg dua), cov hlua zoo li no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv ru tsev ntawm ib lub me me.

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Kev txuag nyiaj rau cov neeg siv khoom tau ua tiav vim tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau los txiav rau hauv daim kab xev ntawm qhov dav ntau dhau, uas yuav ua rau muaj cov lej sib tshooj ntau dua, vim tias tsis muaj cov nag lossis daus thiab dej yaj yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib. Cov vov tsev ntoo ntawm hom RKK-350B, RKP-350B, RNP-350-1, 5 (rau lub ru tsev), nyob hauv qab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib vov tsev, muaj qhov dav ntawm 102.5 cm . Qhov dav ntawm qhov dag dag yog qhov siab ntawm qhov sawv ntsug, muab tso rau ntawm ntug.

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Ntev

Txog qhov ntev, tus nqi raws li GOST tib yam yog qhov qub los ntawm kaum metres. Kev ua siab ntev ntawm 5 hli yog ua tau - ntawm ob sab ntawm tus nqi no. Tsis pub dhau qhov ntev tsis raug tso cai: qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas khiav yuav qhia tam sim ntawd. Raws li TU tus qauv, kev tsim cov yob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 15 thiab 20 m raug tso cai - ib thiab ib nrab thiab ob zaug ntau dua raws li GOST . Qhov no txo tus nqi ntawm kev txiav cov kab txaij tiav ntawm cov khoom vov tsev, ntim thiab ntim cov khoom siv hauv tsev no hauv cov chaw khaws khoom.

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Yob 15- thiab 20-meter yob feem ntau yog cov khoom vov tsev: nws lub ntsuas cua khiav qis dua qhov hnyav vim qhov txo qis . Rau cov neeg yuav khoom tshwj xeeb nrog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov yob ntawm txhua qhov ntev hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntau yam - kev txiav tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm lub cim qhia los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Cov tuab thiab dav ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev, txawm li cas los xij, tsis raug rau kev ntsuas tus kheej.

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10-meter vov ntawv-cov khoom ntawm qib RKM-350B thiab RKM-350V. Nplai-textured txheej rau lub ru tsev mos muag tawm, uas cov ntawv vov tsev muaj qhov ntev ntev ntawm 20 m, nws cov npe yog RKCH-350B, RKCH-350V . Qhov ntev ntawm 20 m rau ib lub yob yog ntau ntawm ib leeg thiab ob tog ob sab sib tsoo, uas mus raws li txheej rau lub ncuav mog qab zib, nws cov npe yog RPM-300B, RPM-300A, RPM-300V. Cov khoom siv vov tsev uas muaj cov hmoov av zoo li cov pob zeb tawg muaj cov kab uas tsis yog-tus qauv ntev-15 m rau ib yob. Kuj tseem muaj 8-meter yob.

Thickness

Raws li tib TU, tuab ntawm cov khoom vov tsev pib los ntawm 2.5 hli. Tus nqi no suav nrog cov duab los qhia hauv paus thiab bituminous impregnation. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua cov khoom vov qis dua: thaum tshem tawm thiab txawm tias muaj qhov ceev faj tshaj plaws, nws yuav pib tawg, uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau dua . Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim tawg, siv cov kua nplaum (ntshiab bitumen). Rau kev tiv thaiv cov dej hauv qab (suav nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv av uas ua lub ru tsev), siv cov ntawv vov tsev uas muaj qhov tuab tsawg kawg 5 hli. 2, 5… 4, 5 mm bitumen tau siv los ua ib txheej ntxiv. Qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov duab los qhia "dov" rau hauv lub ru tsev muaj qhov nruab nrab 250 kg / m3.

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Square

Raws li tib tus GOST, thaum qhov loj me ntawm lub yob nrog ib daim hlab ntawm 10 "plaub fab" (1 * 10 m), thaj chaw yuav tsum tsis txhob mus dhau tus nqi no. Rau ib yob ntawm 1 * 15 m - 15 m2, rau 1 * 20 - 20 m2. Raws li TU, kev ua siab ntev ntawm qhov ntev thiab dav mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw uas nthuav tawm ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev ntau dua lossis tsawg dua GOST qhov tseem ceeb rau thaj tsam 0.5 square metres.

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Cov khoom hnyav npaum li cas?

Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub yob ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov yob thiab kev ntxhib los mos, tuab ntawm lub ru tsev nws tus kheej. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov yob yog cov granularity ntawm kev txau: tom kawg yog xav tau kom lub ru tsev tsis plam, tab sis tsim kev tuav ruaj khov . Ib qho yooj yim yob ntawm cov ntawv vov hnyav li tsawg kawg 25 thiab tsis ntau dua 30 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev vov tsev nrog cov khaub ncaws ntxhib ntxhib (rau cov ncuav qab zib) yog ntau dua. Cov ntawv vov tsev muaj qhov hnyav tsawg dua.

Kev txau lub ru tsev yog qhov tawg ua feem siv rau ob sab ntawm ib kab ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev . Ntxiv rau kev nplaum, nws tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom thiab ntxiv mus, hauv qab nws. Cov muaju uas cov duab los qhia tsis tau pleev xim nrog cov bitumen tau nchuav dej tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, nws ntws ib puag ncig lawv thiab ntws los, tau tawg tawm ntawm lub ru tsev.

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Lawv kuj tiv thaiv cov coils ntawm lub ru tsev sawb los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tshav kub kub, thaum cov khoom siv hauv tsev raug khaws cia hauv cov hlau.

Txawm hais tias bitumen nws tus kheej ntawm qhov kub hauv chav yuav tsum tsis txhob nqus thiab xa cov dej noo, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov av tawg tsis txwv rau kev nplaum rau saum npoo kom nteg thiab tiv thaiv dej . Nws ua rau cov khoom coarser thiab tuab. Tshaj tawm cov khoom siv - cov xuab zeb quartz nrog qhov loj me me txog li 1, 2 hli rau ib pob, pob zeb ci ci, asbestos -pebble tsoo los yog tsoo lub ru tsev slate. Cov khoom siv vov tsev nrog quartz yog tus nqi ntau dua li nws lwm hom dua li lub tsev vov tsev.

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Ntxiv nrog rau cov av tawg, lub raj ntawv tuaj yeem yog lwm cov khoom siv hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev . Tag nrho cov skein raug mob rau nws, zoo li ntawm cov reel. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov thauj khoom nqa cov coils, ntxiv rau, lawv tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm sab tus pin nres, uas tiv thaiv lub kauj los ntawm kev plam thaum thauj. Qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov skein tuaj yeem nce siab tshaj ntawm ib nrab ib kilogram.

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Ib lub raj ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia, uas cov ntaub ntawv vov tau raug mob, tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev txhaws thaum cua hlob tuaj . Yog tias nws tsis yog rau nws, cov khoom siv vov tsev, vim yog khoov ntse, yuav ib nrab poob nws cov khoom tiv thaiv dej. Qhov tseeb yog tias txheej txheej (bitumen impregnated cardboard, hmoov) hauv tag nrho muaj qee qhov tsis yooj yim. Lub zog tensile tsuas yog 300 grams ntawm lub zog tensile ntawm ib kab centimeter, tsis hais txog qhov ntev los yog hla kev sib zog tensile - nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov hlua ntawm cov khoom vov tsev. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub raj, uas ua raws li cov hlua rau cov coiled ru tsev muaj cov hlua, tsis pub tshaj 3 cm.

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Thaum kawg, cov khoom siv vov tsev tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus lossis qhov hnyav ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 350 grams ib square meter . Qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev yog qhov nruab nrab 1750 kg / m3: qhov hnyav ntawm ib pawg ntawm yob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab nthab, uas tsis muaj lub raj yas los hauv nruab nrab, yuav siv ntau dua li ib lub cubic meter ntawm qhov chaw. Paub txog qhov nruab nrab "thaj chaw" (tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntim) cov khoom vov tsev hnyav kwv yees li 300 g / m2 (txheej khoom), peb tau txais 5833 m2 ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Cov kab txaij nrog qhov dav ntawm 1 m ntawm tus nqi ntawm 300 g / m2 yuav ncab rau yuav luag 6 km.

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Koj tuaj yeem suav qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev siv kev xav thiab tswv yim . Theoretical yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj tshaj plaws. Hom khoom siv hauv tsev raug coj mus rau hauv tus account - ntim tau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv lo txog qhov hnyav ntawm ib square meter thiab tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov yob, tus lej ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, feem pua (los ntawm qhov hnyav) ntawm bitumen los yog mastic uas ua raws cov txheej thiab cov tuab ntawm cov khoom. Qhov hnyav ntawm txhua txheej, tau txais ua tsaug rau thawj cov ntaub ntawv lossis ntsuas ntsuas ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv, muaj tus nqi sib cais. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig no, peb tau txais qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom vov tsev.

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Txoj hauv kev yog qhov tseeb thiab yooj yim dua . Thaum disassembling txheej txheej qub, kev txiav yog ua rau ntawm lub xwmfab nrog ib sab ntawm 10 cm. Hauv qhov kev txiav, tus lej ntawm cov txheej txheej tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom vov tsev raug txiav txim siab (yog tias nws ntau dua 1). Qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm qhov chaw vov uas tau npog nrog cov khoom vov tsev tau ntsuas, thiab thaj tsam tau suav. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom vov tsev tau sib tshooj (hauv tuab) los ntawm tus nqi no - qhov no yog li cas qhov ntim tiag nyob ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev tau suav.

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Qhov ntim tau los sib npaug los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev - tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv yog suav.

Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom vov tsev yuav tsum paub vim li cas hauv qab no

  1. Txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm ib yob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev - yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg ntawm cov yob no yuav tsum tau ua hauv tag nrho.
  2. Paub txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov yob, kwv yees kwv yees rau kev ua haujlwm ru tsev los hloov cov khoom vov tsev. Tus nqi ntawm cov yob tau muab sib tw los ntawm lawv tus lej - tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev (lub ru tsev xav) tau suav.
  3. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yuav tso cai rau peb kwv yees ntau npaum li cas nws yuav raug nqi kom xa cov yob. Yog tias kev xa khoom tsis yog nyob hauv tib lub nroog, tom qab ntawd cov nyiaj them rau kev xa khoom yuav raug txiav tawm los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom sib cais.

Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev (qhov hnyav, qhov ntev ntawm lub pluaj thiab nws cov tuab) yog thawj cov ntaub ntawv, yam uas tsis muaj peev xwm suav tau tias yuav siv nyiaj ntau npaum li cas los hloov cov txheej qub nrog ib qho tshiab.

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