Cov Laug Cam (58 Daim Duab): Hom Ntawm Cov Laug Cam Ntoo, Kev Tsim Kho Kom Zoo, Nyias Thiab Dav, Lwm Yam. Yuav Xaiv Li Cas? Pawg Thawj Coj

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Pluaj feem ntau yog siv rau phab ntsa cladding, pem teb, battens, ru tsev, ntxiv rau kev tsim kho ntawm laj kab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm cov laug cam sib npaug haum rau kev npaj lub ru tsev thiab rau cov koom nrog. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo no yog dabtsi, lawv txawv li cas, thiab yuav txiav txim siab li cas.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Tib neeg tau siv ntoo los tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm tiav txij li puag thaum ub los. Niaj hnub no, nrog rau qhov pom ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no, ntoo tseem tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov kev thov no yog vim muaj cov khoom siv tau ntev, nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom ntoo . Cov khoom muag ntoo zoo tshaj plaws yog cov laug cam. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau thaum ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab pab ua haujlwm. Cov laug cam xav tau rau kev ua tiav thiab ntxhib qhov kawg, rau kev tsim kho cov qauv thav duab thiab teeb tsa lub lathing.

Muaj GOSTs txhais lub rooj tsav xwm li ntoo, tuab uas tsis tshaj 100 hli, thaum qhov dav ntawm cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem ntau dua 2 npaug ntawm cov tuab ntawm cov haujlwm.

Lawv ua li cas?

Cov phiajcim tau txais los ntawm cov cav thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem sawing. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev yooj yim.

• Tumble sawing . Hauv qhov no, cov cav ntoo raug kaw nrog cov saw pom, tsawg dua siv lub tshuab txiav ntau lossis siv ntoo txiav. Qhov tshwm sim yog ob lossis ntau dua cov laug cam ntawm qhov xav tau tuab.
• Pom txiav nrog bar . Kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws. Hauv qhov no, cov ntoo tau muab txiav rau hauv cov ntoo uas tsis tau txiav thiab ntug, uas yog, cov uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub bar nrog ntug.
• Ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj kev txwv . Hauv cov txheej txheem no, kev txiav ntug tau ua tiav ntawm cov saws ncig, nrog rau ib leeg-pom lossis ntau yam khoom siv pom. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov ntoo ntoo los ntawm cov ntoo tsis muaj ntoo.
• Pom nrog milling - ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm lub milling thiab sawing unit . Txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ua tau zoo ua tiav hauv ib kis.

Saib

Cov laug cam tuaj yeem ua tau khov los yog txuas. Cov qub raug txiav los ntawm ib daim ntoo, tom kawg, siv plaub-mog milling, yog ua los ntawm ntu luv. Hais txog lub zog, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau cov khoom muaj zog, lawv tsis muaj kev nyuab siab sab hauv, thiab lawv tsis ua rau vim kev nqaim.

Nyob ntawm qhov txiav ntawm cov npoo

Muaj peb hom ntawm cov laug cam nyob ntawm qib pom ntawm cov npoo

Tsis tau - ntoo, cov npoo uas tsis tau txiav. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub cav. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no feem ntau siv rau lub ru tsev sheathing, pem teb thiab sheathing. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los tsim lub tsev pheeb suab, chav da dej thiab lwm yam kev tsim tawm sab nrauv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim laj kab.

Edged boards nrog wane (semi-edged) - hauv cov ntoo zoo li no, ib qho ntawm cov npoo tau ua tiav ib sab ntawm cov log, thiab ntug thib ob yog txawm tias.

Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv tib yam nkaus li cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Cov laug cam - cov khoom lag luam uas ob sab raug txiav raws nraim. Cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob phuam lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho thiab rooj tog zaum; lawv tau siv ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam khoom.

Nyob ntawm qhov txiav ntawm cov phaj sab nraud

Cov laug cam tseem tau muab cais ua ntau yam, suav nrog cov tsos ntawm sab nraud:

• obapol - nyob rau hauv xws li lub rooj tsavxwm, lub ntsej muag sab hauv yog tag nrho propylene, thiab sab nrauv tsuas yog ib nrab lossis tsis txhua;
• humpback obapol - cov khoom siv uas qhov txiav ntawm lub ntsej muag sab nrauv tsis tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev;
• boardwalk obapol - lub rooj tsavxwm uas qhov txiav ntawm lub ntsej muag sab nrauv tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev;
• slab - txiav ib sab, sab saud ntawm sab nraub qaum zoo li sib npaug;
• ib qho slab yog qhov slab uas qhov kev txiav ntawm sab nrauv yog ntau dua ib nrab ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev.

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv lub cav

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob sab hauv thawj lub cav, txhua lub laug cam tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb, sab lossis nruab nrab. Cov tub ntxhais sib txawv hauv lawv qhov ntom thiab ntxoov ntxoo, thaum lawv qhuav lawv feem ntau tawg, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau muaj qib qis. Cov ntoo los ntawm cov khoom tawg ib sab tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis xws luag - qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias thaj chaw zoo li no feem ntau raug rau qhov nkag ntawm cov kab ntoo ntoo.

Cov khoom siv tsev zoo tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm thaj chaw sau qoob loo.

Nyob ntawm txoj kev npaj ua

Muaj lwm qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov laug cam, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm hom kev npaj:

• npaj los yog tais - phiaj ntoo, uas ob sab lossis ib txheej txheej tau npaj;
• ib -sided planed - workpiece uas tau npaj rau ntawm ib sab xwb;
• ob -sided planed - board npaj rau ob tog;
• tsis npaj - ntxhib, cov khoom siv tsis tau tiav, siv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntxhib.

Pawg tswj hwm kev tswj hwm yog ib hom cais ntawm cov laug cam no. Lawv yog cov phiaj xwm du thiab muaj cov npoo sib npaug; lawv nrov rau hauv chav da dej.

Ntau yam

Nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, txhua cov laug cam tau muab faib ua qib. Rau ntoo coniferous, muaj 5 ntau yam, sawn ntoo los ntawm cov ntoo tawv tuaj yeem tsuas yog 3 yam. Qib yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab ua tsis tau zoo ntawm cov ntoo. Qib siab dua, cov khoom lag luam zoo dua.

• Xaiv cov laug cam - Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem hu ua cov khoom lag luam. Hauv qhov no, qee qhov tsis xws luag raug tso cai, uas raug rau kev tswj hwm nruj. Qhov tsis xws luag xws li rot, cov cim pwm thiab cov ntiv tes tawg tsis raug tso cai.
• Thawj qib - yuav txawv ntawm cov qauv rau cov ntoo coniferous thiab txiav ntoo. Hauv qhov no, cov noob tawm, xiav thiab xim av tsis raug tso cai, lossis tau ua raws tus qauv GOSTs. Kev tawg me me tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov chaw.
• Qib thib ob - qee qhov tsis xws luag me me raug tso cai ntawm no, feem ntau ntawm lawv raug rau tus qauv.
• Qib peb - ntawm cov laug cam no koj tuaj yeem pom me ntsis, ntxiv rau qhov txhab me me.
• Qib plaub thiab qib tsib ntoo tau pom tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv coniferous - cov no yog cov laug cam tsis zoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tsis xws no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.

Tswv yim: thaum xaiv cov ntoo, tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov qhia ntawm qib tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov khw.

Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntawd txawm tias xaiv cov ntoo ntoo tuaj yeem muaj qhov me me . Thaum qhuav, lawv tuaj yeem nkag sab hauv thiab rhuav tshem cov qauv ntoo. Tias yog vim li cas txhua lub rooj tsavxwm hauv ib pawg yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov muaj cov pwm thiab rot - lawv feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw thaum thauj thiab thauj ntoo.

Qhov ntev (kho kom raug)

Rau sawn ntoo los ntawm hom ntoo coniferous, cov hauv qab no tau teeb tsa:

• tuab - 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm;
• dav - 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 hli;
• ntev - nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 1 txog 6.5 m nrog rau qib ntawm 0.25 m, rau kev tsim cov ntim khoom ntim - los ntawm 0.5 m nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm 0.1 m.

Rau cov ntoo ntoo, lwm cov qauv tau muab

Thickness - 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 hli.

Dav:

• rau cov ntaub ntawv edged - 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 130, 150, 180, 200 mm;
• rau qhov tsis muaj qhov txwv thiab ib sab ntug - 50 hli thiab ntau dua nrog qib 10 hli.

Ntev:

• rau cov ntoo tawv - los ntawm 0.5 txog 6.5 m nrog qib ntawm 0.1 m;
• rau cov ntoo mos - los ntawm 0.5 txog 2.0 m hauv 0.1 m zuj zus thiab los ntawm 2.0 txog 6.5 m hauv 0.25 m nce ntxiv.

Nuances ntawm kev xaiv

Txhawm rau xaiv lub rooj tsav xwm raug, ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nws qhov tsos, thiab tseem xav tau tus muag khoom rau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv ua ntej cov haujlwm uas tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, rau sab hauv cladding ntawm cov chaw nyob, edged khoom yuav tsum tau siv . Cov ntoo uas tsis tau tawg nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsim rau kev teeb tsa sab nrauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txiav txim ua ntej qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm cov haujlwm.

Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev paub txog ntoo, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm koj tus kheej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sab laj ua ntej mus rau tom khw nrog tus neeg uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - nws yuav tuaj yeem hais meej tias cov laug cam twg xav tau thiab yuav ua li cas txhawm rau mloog. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv cov khoom pheej yig tshaj. Ntoo yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev kim heev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws zoo heev . Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav tsim lub tsev uas ntseeg tau, npaj rau cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb.

Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv pawg thawj coj yog dej noo. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov no yog thaj chaw siv cov khoom siv . Nws yog ib yam yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub laj kab, thiab lwm qhov zoo dua yog lub tsev nyob, uas yuav tsum muaj cua tsis tiv taus. Raws li, thaum tsim kho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo qis txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov rooj qhov rooj thiab lub qhov rooj yuav raug teeb tsa. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov khoob no tshwm sim yog tias txhua qhov tseem ceeb raug kho kom raug thaum tsim kho.

Qhov laj thawj yog vim ntoo yog ntoo ntoo nyob , yog li ntawd, txawm tias nyob hauv cov qauv ua tiav, kev hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv tas li tshwm sim, lawv dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov ntau dua cov av noo ntawm cov ntoo siv, qhov tsis tuaj yeem xav tau me me yuav qis dua. Txhua tsob ntoo tau nkag mus nrog cov hlab ntsha, dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia, yaj hauv dej, los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav mus rau cov ceg ntoo thiab nplooj ntoo. Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tau tsim los ntawm cov ntoo txiav tshiab thiab tau muag tam sim, tom qab ntawd cov dej noo nyob hauv nws yuav yog ntuj.

Yog tias cov khoom ua haujlwm tau qhuav hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam, cov laug cam no hu ua qhuav.

Hauv cov laug cam nrog cov ntsiab lus noo noo, nws feem ntau tshaj 22% . Lawv siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov kev pheej hmoo, vim tias kev nqaim tshwm sim thaum lawv qhuav. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab cov ntoo uas tau txais los ntawm cov ntoo sau thaum lub caij txias. Hauv cov dej khov, cov dej ntws los ntawm cov hauv paus ntoo raug tshem tawm, vim tias theem ntawm ntuj noo noo ntawm tsob ntoo txo qis ntau zaus. Yog li, lub caij ntuj no ntoo muaj cov dej noo ntau dua li uas tau sau rau lwm lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo.

Ntoo qhuav tau txiav txim siab tias yog cov dej noo uas tsis siab dua 22% . Hauv qhov no, txoj hauv kev ziab tuaj yeem yog chav lossis ntuj. Ntuj tau ua ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, ntxiv rau ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov laug cam tau teeb tsa, thiab huab cua khoob ntawm cov kab ib leeg - qhov no pab ua kom muaj huab cua dawb. Los ntawm saum toj no, cov pawg no tau npog nrog zaj duab xis lossis lwm yam khoom tsis muaj dej los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nag thiab daus. Kev ziab khaub ncaws hauv chav tau nqa tawm hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb, qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txo qis cov av noo mus rau 10-12%. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no xav tau kev siv zog zoo, thiab raws li qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom yog kim heev.

Kev siv cov laug cam no yog kev lag luam tsis yooj yim thaum txhim kho cov thav duab hauv qhov chaw qhib - hauv qhov no, ntoo pib nqus dej los ntawm huab cua.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau yog kom tau txais cov ntoo uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus "nyob" (hu ua "hav zoov ntsuab") lossis ntoo tuag. Nws yog qhov yooj yim kwv yees tias "hav zoov ntsuab" tau los ntawm kev pom ntoo nyob. Cov nroj tsuag tuag, feem ntau puas los ntawm kab tsuag, dhau los ua khoom siv rau cov ntoo tuag . Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo tuag tsawg dua, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm cov laug cam no kuj tsawg. Feem ntau lawv raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kab ntawm kab, kab laum feem ntau pom ntawm lawv. Cov ntoo tuag tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv los ntawm nws cov xim grayish; cov khoom loj los ntawm cov chaw txiav ntoo no qis dua.

Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov laug cam, ntoo coniferous thiab txiav ntoo txiav ntoo tau siv, txhua tus ntawm nws muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo . Yog li, ephedra muaj cov resins nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov pom ntawm cov fungi thiab pwm nyob saum cov ntoo. Tias yog vim li cas ntoo coniferous feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim kho cov qauv siv hauv ib puag ncig ntub.

Cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws yog ntoo thuv - nws zam cov av noo zoo, tshwj xeeb yog ntom thiab ruaj khov . Spruce ntoo yog me ntsis ruaj khov, tab sis hais txog dej tsis kam lawv sib npaug rau ntoo thuv. Piv rau ntoo thuv thiab ntoo tshauv, ntoo cedar ntau dua thiab tiv taus kom lwj. Tab sis ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws, nws loj hlob tsis ntau thiab yog li ntawd nws kim heev. Larch yog qhov zoo tshaj rau feem coob ntawm conifers hauv lub zog, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus rau qhov ua ntawm cov kab mob microflora.

Cov ntoo tawv tawv nyuaj rau tiv taus kev ya raws, lawv feem ntau siv rau lub ntsej muag thiab lwm yam haujlwm sab hauv lossis hauv cov chaw uas tiv nrog cov dej noo tsawg heev, piv txwv li, thaum npaj rafters hauv qab lub ru tsev. Hais txog qhov tsis muaj zog, ntoo qhib, ntoo tshauv, ntoo qhib, ntoo tshauv, maple, acacia, thiab teak yog qhov zoo tshaj rau feem ntau cov ntoo ntoo . Cov ntoo txawv txawv tshwj xeeb yog txaus siab - lawv txawv los ntawm lawv cov xim txawv txawv thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv

Cov laug cam feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho

Cov txheej txheem . Lub tsev tsim vaj tsev niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua qhov txhia chaw. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov nrawm thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv no. Thaum tsim cov thav duab txhawb nqa, koj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj cov laug cam. Hauv cheeb tsam no, txhua hom ntoo tau siv - qhuav lossis nyoos, edged lossis npaj, nws txhua yam yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm npaj tsim thiab pob nyiaj siv. Yog tias koj muaj sijhawm txaus, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov laug cam ntawm ntuj noo thiab qhuav lawv tus kheej ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.

Feem ntau, rau kev tsim cov thav duab, cov ntoo uas muaj qhov dav 120-200 hli thiab siv tuab 40-50 hli.

Hauv pem teb . Cov cav ntoo, cov plag tsev tsis zoo, nrog rau kev ua tiav cov plag tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam. Lags ua cov haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa yooj yim, yog li ntawd, cov laug cam nrog tuab tsawg kawg 50-60 mm feem ntau yog siv rau lawv. Txij li cov plag tsev tau nthuav tawm rau cov dej noo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab qhov nyiam rau ntoo coniferous. Cov khoom lag luam no tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob kom tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev lwj. Rau cov subfloor, qhov pom ntawm cov laug cam hauv tsev tsis cuam tshuam - qhov no, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam los yog cov ntaub pua plag tuab uas muaj cov tuab 30-35 hli. Thaum txhim kho cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntau ntxiv, kev nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau cov kev xaiv tuab dua.

Ru tsev . Cov laug cam yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum txhim kho lub rafter system. Feem ntau, rau kev tsim cov rafters ncaj qha, nrog rau cov dhia, cov laug cam nrog cov tuab ntawm 50 hli tau siv. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev yog lub lathing, tag nrho cov qauv tau txhawb rau nws. Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib qab nthab tuaj yeem ua tau khov lossis tsis sib xws, cov tuab ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qhov no yog 25-35 hli.

Formwork . Cov laug cam tau siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum nchuav lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Cov khoom siv ntug yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no.

Lwm lub tsev . Cov laug cam xav tau kev tsim kho gazebos, chav da dej, lub tsev hauv tebchaws thiab kev tsim kho vaj tsev. Cov khoom siv tau nthuav dav hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog, ntxiv rau hauv lwm cov haujlwm thaum kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov laug cam qhuav, cov uas tsis tau npaj yuav tsum tau txiav ua ntej. Thaum yuav khoom hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm pob peev nyiaj. Kev daws teeb meem pheej yig tshaj yuav yog lub rooj sib txig ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm spruce thiab ntoo thuv - koj tuaj yeem ziab cov khoom ua haujlwm rau koj tus kheej. Cov qauv npaj ua kom qhuav yog kim dua, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm txheej yuav ntau dua.

Ib lub rooj tsav xwm uas tau muab hlais lawm yuav yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem thoob plaws ntiaj teb - nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom ntoo thiab kev tsim kho thiab kho ua haujlwm.