2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:23
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov laug cam ntawm 2 qib, lawv tus yam ntxwv yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus neeg uas txiav txim siab koom nrog kev tsim kho, kho lossis tsim cov rooj tog. Tab sis dhau qhov nws txhais tau tias - lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm 2 qib, nws zoo li cas, koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov ntsiab lus xws li cov laug tsis tau muaj thiab cov laug cam. Peb tseem yuav tau kawm txog pawg thawj coj saib xyuas thiab lwm yam ntawm nws, kom paub nrog GOST.
Nws txhais li cas?
Kev xaiv ntawm cov phiaj ntoo qib 2 thiab qib 1 yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum yuav cov ntoo. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov pom tau zoo heev. Raws li GOST tam sim no, cov ntoo ntoo hauv qib ib yuav tsum yog qhov yuav luag zoo tag nrho, ua tau tsuas yog qis dua me ntsis rau cov qauv xaiv. Pawg thib ob yuav muaj:
- cab iav;
- kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal;
- qaij fibers;
- hnab tshos;
- thaj chaw lwj;
- tsis zoo sawn-tawm ntawm ntug;
- pob qhov rooj;
- cov chaw tsis huv.
Yam ntxwv
Txoj kev cia siab rau kev siv cov laug cam ntawm pawg thib ob zoo saib heev. Raws li cov kws tsim khoom, cov ntoo no:
- yooj yim khaws (koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm cov dej noo thiab saib xyuas cov cua ncig);
- yooj yim siv (sib npaug ruaj khov tsis hais tus neeg siv kev tsim nyog);
- thauj tsis muaj teeb meem;
- tau thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm hauv ib txoj hauv kev;
- xyaum tsis tawm cov khib nyiab;
- yog pheej yig;
- tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau yam, tso cai rau koj xaiv cov kev pom zoo.
Tseem ceeb: hauv cov laug cam ntawm 2 qib, tuaj yeem muaj pob txha txog li 1/3 ntawm lub ntsej muag. Ntxiv mus, qee qhov ntawm lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem loj hlob ua ke.
Cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb yog tias yuav tsum muaj qhov siab kawg ntawm 3 qhov pob txha sib koom ua ke, lawv qhov sib faib yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 25% ntawm qhov chaw tso dej . 50% ntawm txhua pob txha tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb lossis lwj tag. Kwv yees li 33% ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem npog nrog cov kab tawg.
Tseem ceeb: feem ntau cov ntoo thuv ntoo yog qib thib ob. Tsob ntoo no zoo li muaj cov pob loj, thiab lawv qhov ntev txo cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.
Pawg thawj coj tuaj yeem muaj tsuas yog ib tus neeg sib tw, koom nrog chav kawm thib ob, thiab cia li poob rau hauv pawg no. Ntxiv mus, yog tias nws muaj tsawg kawg ib tus cwj pwm ntawm qib 3, thiab tag nrho lwm tus yog ntawm 2nd, tom qab ntawd nws yuav yog koom nrog qeb thib 3. Cov txheej txheem no tau qhia rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nce kev qhuab qhia ntawm cov neeg xa khoom.
Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg nyob hauv lub tshuab txiav ntoo thiab hauv kev lag luam koom nrog txheeb cov laug cam ib leeg los ntawm chav kawm. Qhov no yog ua tiav xaiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum mus yuav cov ntoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj. Cov tseev kom muaj ntxiv rau tus qauv yog raws li hauv qab no:
- tilted fibers - siv tau txhua qhov chaw;
- yob - tuaj yeem nyob ntawm txhua qhov chaw, tab sis tsis pub ntau tshaj 3/10 ntawm lub ntsej muag;
- cov hnab ntim puv - txog li 4 ntawm txhua sab nrog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm 20 cm;
- mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tsob ntoo - txog li qhov siab tshaj ntawm 1/5 ntawm qhov ntev lossis txog li 1 m (qhov txwv tau muab rau ntawm tus nqi qis);
- germination - tsuas yog ib sab, npog 1/5 ntawm qhov dav thiab 1/10 ntawm qhov ntev tshaj plaws;
- cov kab mob fungal nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub suab me me thiab kab txaij mus txog qhov siab tshaj 20% ntawm qhov chaw;
- ntoo -xim sapwood, puab nto - tso cai yam tsis muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb;
- sib sib zog nqus -xim cov ntoo ntoo, txaij thiab pom pom thaj tsam ntawm qhov tob heev - tsis pub ntau tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam;
- cov cab cab, cov khoom siv tsis xws luag, suav nrog txawv teb chaws - txwv tsis pub nruj;
- wane cheeb tsam ntawm cov nqaws - txog li 1 cm ntawm ntug thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 3/10 ntawm ntug ntev;
- tawg ntoo, qhov chaw ntais - raws li kev sib txawv raws li STB 1713;
- warpage ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ntawm ntug tsis ntau dua 0.2% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov ntoo;
- warpage hauv lub dav hlau hla tsis ntau tshaj 1% ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov khoom.
Hom kev txheeb xyuas
Txiav
Lub sijhawm no siv rau lub rooj tsavxwm uas raug txiav los ntawm cov cav thiab ua tiav los ntawm 4 sab. Lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb nyob hauv ib lub dav hlau sib dhos ua ke. Cov cuab yeej no muab ntau yam ntoo ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem ntsaws nws nruj heev thaum khaws nws.
Qhov tsis muaj tawv tawv rau ntawm qhov chaw tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob kis ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungi, kab mob, ua rau puas tsuaj los ntawm kab.
Tsis tau
Hom pawg thawj coj no tseem siv dav. Lawv saib zoo nkauj thiab ntseeg tau heev. Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev thaum xaiv cov khoom lag luam zoo. Ntoo tsis tau siv los thaiv cov phab ntsa, tso cov plag tsev thiab muab faib ua ntu. Pom zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam no muaj pov thawj los ntawm:
- nthuav dav hauv khw;
- pheej yig tus nqi;
- nce dav piv rau cov kev xaiv edged;
- lub peev xwm los hloov cov ntoo uas kim dua uas qhov zoo nkauj tsis xav tau.
Muab qhov tsis zoo "zoo", nws yog qhov raug tshaj plaws los ua los ntawm tsob ntoo:
- laj kab;
- vaj tse nyob ib ntus;
- lub tsev tso quav;
- tso;
- chaw cia khoom;
- laj kab rau txaj thiab paj txaj;
- crate.
Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, lawv sim, ntawm chav kawm, siv cov conifers. Ntoo thuv ntoo yog qhov dav heev thiab yooj yim rau kev yuav. Cov ntoo no tau ua tsaug rau nws qhov zoo nkauj thiab tus qauv qub.
Pine qiv nws tus kheej kom zoo rau txhua yam kev ua thiab yog qhov pheej yig.
Ntoo spruce feem ntau siv. Nws tso tawm ntau phytoncides muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, thiab huab cua dhau los ua qhov pom kev huv. Spruce zoo ib yam hauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab muaj cov tshuaj me me. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los ua qhov rai thiab qhov rooj, hauv pem teb, cov laug cam los ntawm nws. Spruce trims thiab txhua yam kev txiav kuj yog qhov ntxim nyiam.
Raws li rau ntoo cedar, nws sawv tawm los ntawm:
- yas zoo;
- tiv thaiv tshav kub;
- khaws cia cov suab tsis txaus;
- kev ua haujlwm lom neeg;
- tsis kam mus rau kab kab.
Larch ntoo muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj. Nws yog kwv yees li 30% muaj zog thiab hnyav dua li ntoo thuv. Cov laug cam tau los ntawm nws rot me ntsis.
Larch yog siv rau pawg, rau cov neeg pw tsaug zog, rau cov khoom thauj. Raws li rau fir, nws yog lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm txhua tus conifers thiab muaj ob peb cov resins: qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj, tab sis ntxiv kev tiv thaiv hauv qab cua sov.
Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom lag luam . Qhov tseeb dua, nws yog "txiav ntoo" ntoo. Tom qab tshem cov tawv ntoo thiab muab qhov loj me uas xav tau, ntoo tau qhuav thiab sanded. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom ua tiav qhov sib luag zoo nyob hauv txhua lub dav hlau. Kev ziab kom ntev li ntawm 5 txog 21 hnub - ntau qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem hais tsuas yog siv rau hom ntoo thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Cov ntoo uas tau npaj tseg muaj qhov ntsuas tsis zoo . Nws nto ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau zoo kawg nkaus. Shrinkage thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv tsis suav nrog. Los ntawm cov khoom siv no, koj tuaj yeem ua cov plag tsev lossis ua cov rooj tog zaum. Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj yog muab raws li xav tau nrog cov kua roj vanish thiab tshwj xeeb sib xyaw.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv
Nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab tias pawg thawj coj ntawm qib 2 muaj qhov ntev ntawm 200, 300 thiab 600 cm. Nws qhov dav dav yog 10, 15 lossis 20 cm. Tsuas yog 2, 5, 4, 5 lossis 5 cm tau tso cai hauv tuab. Txhua tsav txhua yam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Cov phiaj xwm sib haum rau qhov xav tau qhov ntev tuaj yeem dhau los, piv txwv li, kev faib sab hauv hauv lub tsev ntoo. Ntawm ob sab, cov nplais ntawm cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj tau ntim rau lawv.
Lwm qhov xwm txheej siv zoo yog sub-flooring. Cov phiajcim ntawm qib ob tau zoo dua rau lub homphiaj no tshaj li tau tshaj tawm txog cov laug cam lossis plywood. Nws pheej yig rau tus nqi, thiab kev ua neej nyob yog qhov zoo nkauj ib yam nkaus. Yuav tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog kev ntseeg tau - tshwj tsis yog txhua yam ua tiav raug - yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tom ntej yog lathing rau txheej txheej txheej sab nrauv. Nws kim dua li siv cov ntsia hlau, tab sis ntseeg tau ntau dua. Nws tsis tshua muaj qhov yuav tsum tau kho thaum muaj xwm ceev lossis hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li, los ntawm cov laug cam ntawm qib thib ob, tau txais daim ntawv zoo heev - rau cov hauv paus, thiab rau cov phab ntsa tseem ceeb, thiab rau qab nthab ntawm cov plag tsev. Ntxiv rau, koj tuaj yeem ua:
- scaffolding;
- cov tsev ib ntus thiab pabcuam;
- awnings;
- txwv;
- laj kab
Pom zoo:
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Dab tsi yog shalyovka, nws cov yam ntxwv Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov laug cam. Muaj pes tsawg daim ntoo shalyovka hauv lub voos xwmfab. Yuav xam li cas ntawm cov khoom siv. Tus ntoo no siv qhov twg?
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Ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog ib yam tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev kho vaj tsev thiab rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub. Vim li cas cov cuab yeej no zoo dua li lub taub hau ntswj ntswj? Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov laum thiab cov ntsia hlau thiab lwm cov qauv uas muaj lub npe zoo sib xws yog dab tsi?
