Kev Faib Khoom Ntawm Cov Ntoo Txiav: Ntoo Ntawm 1 Thiab 2 Qib, Qib Thiab Sib Txawv, GOST 24454-80, Cov Tseev Kom Muaj

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Thaum xaiv ntoo ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nws qib, txij li cov neeg siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo sib txawv. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kab lus no, peb yuav txiav txim siab qhov xav tau yooj yim, txheej txheem txheej txheem, qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv.

Yuav tsum muaj

Cov ntoo suav nrog ntoo ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo. Hauv chav kawm ntawm nws cov khoom siv, cov cav tau muab faib ua ntu thiab txiav tawm. Txhua hom ntoo yuav raug lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv cov qauv . (piv txwv li, GOST 24454-80, GOST 8486-86, GOST 2140-81, thiab lwm yam).

Qhov zoo ntawm kev xa tawm thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua liaj ua teb raug ntsuas los ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis qhov phem tshaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, them nyiaj mloog rau tus lej tseem ceeb:

• cov khoom tsis xws luag (ntxhib, tawg, tsis ua haujlwm tsis zoo);
• tso cai cov av noo;
• qhov zoo ntawm kev txiav thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm nws txoj kev xav;
• ntoo ntom thiab cov tub ntxhais zoo;
• tus naj npawb ntawm cov pob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom siv;
• qhov tsos thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov chaw seem;
• hnub nyoog ntawm cov khoom, qhov chaw ntawm nws txiav;
• kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kab (kab beetles, kab);
• muaj cov kab mob fungal, pwm, rot;
• warping raws ntug;
• muab kauv curvature.

Ib qho ntxiv, qib nyob ntawm qhov hnyav, qhov ntev ntawm cov ntoo, qhov sib piv ntawm cov tuab thiab dav ntawm cov laug cam. Gradation ntawm cov khoom siv coj mus rau hauv tus account kev lag luam zoo, kev zoo nkauj, lub zog, tiv taus kom rotting ntawm hom sib txawv, tus nqi ntawm shrinkage rau qhov loj me.

GOST sau tseg qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntoo zoo li fir, cedar, spruce, poplar, ntoo thuv, linden, aspen, alder, birch, beech, tshauv, larch, ntoo qhib, hornbeam . Hais txog pob caus, pob caus tsis suav nrog, thaj chaw uas tsis mus txog ib nrab ntawm kev ua siab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, qib siab dua, cov qib yuav tsum nruj dua.

Tib yam kev xav tau siv rau kev tawg ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm raws ntug thiab sab. Cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntoo.

Txheej txheem txheej txheem

Los ntawm hom kev ua, ntoo yog planed, chipped, round, peeled, sawn . Raws li hom sawing, ntoo tau muab faib ua tangential thiab radial. Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm thawj pab pawg tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav ua kab uas tsis kov lub hauv paus. Analogs ntawm pab pawg thib ob tau pom los ntawm nws.

Faceted ntoo yog kho ntoo nrog qhov ntev tshwj xeeb. Tsis tau kaw analogues tsis muaj kev ua los ntawm sab xub ntiag. Calibrated ntau yam tau qhuav rau qhov tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis, ua tiav rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Cov txheej txheem tau txais los ntawm cov tawv ntoo (ntoo qhib, larch).

Tag nrho cov ntoo txiav ntoo uas raug txheeb cais tau muab faib ua 2 hom: edged thiab unedged. Txhua hom tsiaj nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Txiav

Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm pawg txiav tau muaj cov duab ib txwm . Lawv tau tsim los ntawm kev npaj phiaj xwm (los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov plaub hau los ntawm ob sab lossis los ntawm ib lub dav hlau). Txhua lub rooj tsavxwm zoo li no yog ib leeg, tsis muaj daim tawv ntoo nrog cov npoo du. Ua tsaug rau kev sib tsoo zoo, cov ntoo no tau teeb tsa ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw xaiv, tsis tas yuav ua nws ntxiv.

Tsis tau

Cov khoom siv tsis tau muaj cov npoo ntxhib. Nws cov nplaim yog du ntawm ob sab, ntawm ob sab muaj thaj chaw tsis kho ntawm cov duab sib npaug, npog nrog cov tawv ntoo. Xws li cov ntoo muaj qhov tsos tsis zoo, nws raug nqi 2-3 zaug pheej yig dua li cov khoom sib xyaw . Cov ntoo khaub lig-seem ntawm qhov seem no yog duab plaub lossis duab plaub.

Ntau yam

Muaj ntau hom ntoo ntoo. Cov qib nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo txiav ntoo lossis ntoo coniferous thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab tau muab faib ua 4 ntau yam, kev faib tawm ntawm conifers muaj 5 (xaiv ntau yam ntxiv).

Xaiv

Qib zoo tshaj yog suav tias yog xaiv cov ntoo . Cov qib qib ntoo (qib 0) yog siv hauv kev tsim nkoj, tsim tsheb, thiab tsim rooj tog. Nws tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag (pob txha, menyuam ntxaib, hla thiab tawg tawg, seem ntawm tsob ntoo tawv ntoo, rot, wane, hauv paus). Kev suav nrog txawv teb chaws tsis suav nrog, kev nyiam ntawm cov fibers yog 5%, qhov khawb ib sab. Tsawg me me tawg tawg tau tso cai.

1

Cov ntoo qib ib yog siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab rooj tog zaum … Nov yog cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm qhov tsis xws luag (pob, tawg). Nws tsis muaj qhov qhuav, xoob, poob pob, cov ceg ntoo noj qab nyob zoo, tawg ntau dua 1 cm dav thiab tob.

Nws tsis muaj rot, los ntawm kev tawg thiab kab mob, pwm, thiab lwm yam. Sapwood tsis suav nrog, cov ntoo ntawm thawj qib tsis muaj xim xiav, ua rau lwj, muaj kab mob ntawm cov cab, qhov tsaus ntuj.

Nws yog ntoo qhuav uas tsis pom kev puas tsuaj. Nws muaj tsos zoo.

2

Cov ntoo qib thib ob uas siv hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog muaj ntau qhov tsis xws luag tshaj li nws tau xaiv . Lawv raug rau qhov kev txwv nruj me ntsis, yog li lawv qhov zoo yog qis dua. Cov khoob no tuaj yeem muaj qhov tawg nrog qhov ntev tag nrho txog li 1/3 ntawm pawg thawj coj saib ntev, nrog rau pob tw nrog lub pob me me taub. Lub xub ntiag ntawm 2-3 ntu ntawm cov kab cab hauv ib 1 m ntawm qhov ntev (lossis 1 loj) raug tso cai.

Cov ntoo ntawm qib thib ob yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj pwm, kab mob, kab mob rot, los ntawm kev tawg thiab tawg. Nws qhov sib txawv nrog cov khoom ntawm thawj qib yog me me. Kev tso tawm, cov pob txha tawg tau raug cais tawm, qhov loj ntawm kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 cm. Tsis pub muaj kev lwj siab, kev puas tsuaj rau lub tshuab, nrog rau kev suav nrog txawv teb chaws, tsis suav nrog.

3

Cov ntoo ntawm qib peb yog siv rau kev tsim cov ntim ntim thiab ntim khoom (suav nrog cov thawv pov tseg, cov plag tsev, cov khoom seem) . Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov ntoo txiav los ntawm qib 1 thiab 2 ntoo. Qhov ntim ntawm qhov tsis xws yog ntau dua ntawm no, qhov no yog ntoo tsis zoo, uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm tus nqi qis.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv no - tsis muaj cov pob zeb loj sib txuas thiab qhov kawg tawg. Lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov fibers, kev puas tsuaj rau cov txheej ntoo, pwm, kab laug sab raug tso cai. Lub xub ntiag ntawm sab hauv ntoo, xim av tuaj yeem ua tau.

Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 1-2 ntawm qhov ua haujlwm ntev.

4

Cov ntoo ntawm qib plaub tuaj yeem muaj yuav luag txhua qhov tsis xws luag teev hauv GOST, suav nrog kev ntxhib thiab ntxeev … Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, qhov loj ntawm cov pob txha tuaj yeem yog ib qho. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov cua nab yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 6 rau 1 m ntawm cov haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau siv rau kev tsim cov laj kab, ua haujlwm, pallets, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hloov lub tsev, tso, gazebos.

Tej zaum nws yuav muaj xim hloov pauv, nrog rau cov khoom puas tsuaj. Wane ntawm txheej txheej sab saud thiab tis kuj raug tso cai. Lub xub ntiag ntawm rot thiab suav nrog txawv teb chaws suav nrog. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Qhov saum npoo yuav ntxhib, tej zaum yuav muaj pob txha sib txuas.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Cov khoom siv ntoo uas tau muab rau hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev yog ntau yam, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau tus neeg yuav khoom nruab nrab. Muaj ntau tus lej los txiav txim siab thaum yuav khoom ntoo.

• Cov phiajcim thiab kab ntawv tuaj yeem muaj 5 qib, thiab kab teeb tsuas yog 4.
• Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 22%. Yog tias nws loj dua, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem qhuav ntoo.
• Cov workpieces muaj qhov ntxhib sib txawv. Nws qhov ntsuas siab dua, qib qis dua.
• Cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv loj los ntawm qhov ntev.
• Qhov muaj feem thib yog rau cov tsiaj cog hauv thaj chaw huab cua txias.

Cov ntau yam sib txawv los ntawm ib leeg tsis tsuas yog hauv tus nqi thiab zoo . Thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov dav. Raws li txoj cai, thawj 3 qib yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho, qis dua yog siv rau cladding thiab flooring. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav cov ntoo uas tau xaiv rau rooj plaub uas siv tus nqi thib ob lossis qib thib peb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntom ntom: rau cov ntaiv thiab hauv pem teb, koj yuav tsum tau coj cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tsiaj tawv (ntoo qhib, larch) ntawm qib ib. Hauv cov khoom siv zoo li no, cov nplhaib hauv ntu ntsug tau nyob ze ib leeg. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv ua haujlwm sib luag, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum.

Ntoo rau siv sab nraum zoov yuav tsum tsis pub dhau los ntawm thiab tawg tawg. Qhov ntau pob txha ntoo muaj, qhov tsis zoo nws cov yam ntxwv yam ntxwv . Qhov ntxhib ntawm cov khoom siv zoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1250 microns. Cov khoom ntom ntom ntom ntom muaj zog dua thiab tiv taus ya raws ntau dua.

Cov ntoo txiav ntoo tau kos rau ntawm qhov kawg hauv daim ntawv "0" lub cim, kab lossis kab (ntawm 1 txog 3) . Tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog cov khoom ntawm qib 4 tsis muaj cim. Cov cim tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm tus lej thiab ntawv "A", "B", "C". Ntoo txog li 2.5 cm tuab yog cim nrog kab, tuab dua - nrog cov cim.

Cov khoom raug tshuaj xyuas rau qhov ua tsis tau zoo ua ntej nkag mus rau lub tsev rau khoom .… Ntxiv nrog rau kev tswj hwm tus qauv, thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yuav cov khoom siv los ntawm tus muab kev ntseeg siab. Qib yog txiav txim siab ntawm ib qho 1 m board los ntawm ib sab. Hauv qhov no, ntau yam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tsis zoo.