2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Niaj hnub no lub koob yees duab yog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj uas pom hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev. Coob leej neeg siv ob qho tib si SLR lossis tsom iav thiab pob nyiaj siv ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Txhua lub cuab yeej xav tau teeb tsa kom raug. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav xam seb yuav teeb tsa cov txheej txheem zoo li cas.
teeb tsa yooj yim
Niaj hnub no, kev faib cov koob yees duab ntawm ntau chav kawm yog qhov loj heev. Cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm ntau yam zoo ntawm cov khoom zoo, siv tau thiab siv tau ntau yam, uas yooj yim thiab siv tau yooj yim . Nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov duab zoo nkauj, meej thiab nplua nuj nrog ntau yam cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa raug rau cov txheej txheem.
Nws tsis nyuaj rau teeb tsa lub koob yees duab niaj hnub ntawm koj tus kheej . Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub cov khoom twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cia peb txiav txim siab ntxaws ntxaws txog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej siv txuj ci no tuaj yeem suav nrog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thiab lub luag haujlwm lawv ua hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv li cas.
Tshaj tawm
Qhov ntsuas no feem ntau ntsuas hauv vib nas this. Qhov raug yog lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj kaw yuav qhib thaum lub kaw qhov rooj kaw. Qhov ntev dua qhov no tseem qhib, lub teeb pom kev ntau dua tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov lej . Raws li lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm hnub, muaj lub hnub thiab muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa qhov kaw qhov tsim nyog. Ntau tus kws yees duab pib nyiam siv tsuas yog hom tsis siv neeg, uas lub koob yees duab ntsuas qib kev pom kev ntawm nws tus kheej thiab xaiv tus nqi zoo tshaj.
Qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog teeb pom kev zoo ntawm tus ncej, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau theem ntawm qhov muag plooj ntawm cov khoom txav . Qhov nws txav nrawm dua, qhov nrawm dua yuav tsum yog. Tab sis hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws raug tso cai kho nws ntev me ntsis txhawm rau ua tiav qhov tshwj xeeb "kos duab" lubrication. Ib qho zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tau txais yog tias tus kws yees duab txhais tes tuav, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los teeb tsa qhov muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no.
Tus kws yees duab yuav tsum tawm dag zog ntxiv kom ua rau qis qis.
Diaphragm
Nov yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev xaiv yooj yim uas yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom raug thaum teeb tsa cov txheej txheem. Nws tau teeb tsa zoo li no: f22, f10, f5, 6, F1.4 - txhais tau tias ntau npaum li cas lub qhov muag lub qhov muag qhib thaum lub qhov rooj kaw . Qhov tsawg tus lej koj teev, qhov loj dua qhov taub yuav yog. Qhov ntau qhib lub qhov no, lub teeb ntau yuav poob rau ntawm lub matrix. Hauv hom tsis siv neeg, tus kws tshaj lij yuav xaiv tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm nws tus kheej siv cov txheej txheem teeb tsa.
ISO rhiab heev
Nws tuaj yeem hais qhia zoo li no: ISO 100, ISO 400, ISO 1200, thiab ntxiv rau . Yog tias koj tau muaj kev paub txog kev tua cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov tseeb tias cov yeeb yaj kiab yav dhau los tau muag nrog lub teeb pom kev sib txawv. Qhov no qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb.
Tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov koob yees duab digital niaj hnub no. Hauv cov cuab yeej no, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub matrix . Hauv kev coj ua, qhov no yuav txhais tau tias lub thav duab yuav tig mus sib dua thaum ntxiv ISO qhov tseem ceeb (nrog tib qhov kaw qhov nrawm thiab teeb qhov chaw teeb).
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub kim ntawm cov koob yees duab yog tias lawv tuaj yeem muab qhov "teeb meem" ISO teeb tsa, nqaij mus txog 12800. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo. Ntawm ISO, koj tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj thaum nruab hnub, thiab thaum 1200, twilight yuav tsis cuam tshuam . Cov peev nyiaj tam sim no SLR lub koob yees duab muaj qhov siab tshaj ISO ntawm 400 txog 800. Saum toj no, cov yam ntxwv xim xim yuav tshwm sim. Compact "xab npum tais" raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov tsis zoo no.
Dawb tshuav
Muaj tseeb txhua leej txhua tus tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv lawv lub neej tau pom cov duab uas muaj zog daj los yog xiav pom. Cov teeb meem zoo li no tshwm sim los ntawm kev teeb tsa dawb dawb tsis raug. Raws li qee qhov teeb pom kev zoo (ua nws yog lub teeb ci lossis lub hnub ci), cov xim zas xim ntawm daim duab kuj tseem yuav tawm tuaj . Niaj hnub no, feem ntau cov koob yees duab tau yooj yim teeb tsa qhov sib npaug dawb - "pos huab", "tshav ntuj", "incandescent" thiab lwm yam.
Ntau tus neeg siv tua cov duab zoo nkauj nrog pib dawb tshuav. Yog tias muaj qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau txheeb xyuas, nws yooj yim dua rau tib neeg los kho tom qab hauv cov haujlwm uas tsim nyog rau qhov no. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi - txhua tus kws yees duab txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej.
Xaiv qhov taw qhia
Feem ntau, txhua lub koob yees duab zoo muaj peev xwm los ntawm nws tus kheej xaiv qhov ua kom pom tseeb. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom nws pom tau.
Hom pib tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum koj tab tom sim ntes cov duab zoo thiab tiag tiag hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm txwv thiab ntau yam khoom . Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg coob coob nrov nrov - ntawm no tsis siv neeg tsom mus rau kev xaiv yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog suav tias yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj siv feem ntau. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los saib seb txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm koj lub cuab yeej "ua haujlwm" thiab seb lawv puas tuaj yeem siv tau.
Qhov tob ntawm daim teb DOF
Qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw ntsuas yog thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw uas txhua lub hom phiaj tua yuav ntse. Qhov ntsuas no yuav txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej sib txawv. Ntau ntau nyob ntawm qhov ntev focal, qhov siab, nrug deb ntawm qhov khoom. Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb qhov tob ntawm cov laij lej uas koj xav tau los ua kom tiav koj qhov txiaj ntsig, thiab tom qab ntawd pom tias qhov teeb tsa twg yuav zoo dua.
Cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus
Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho koj lub koob yees duab uas twb muaj lawm rau txhua hom kev tua (piv txwv li, kawm, duab duab lossis studio). Qhov no tsis nyuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog "xav" cov txheej txheem uas koj tab tom ua haujlwm, thiab kom paub tseeb tias yuav teeb tsa qee yam teeb tsa ntawm nws li cas.
Tshaj tawm
Cia peb xav txog cov cai yooj yim rau kev xaiv qhov kev hais tawm haum
- Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob sib tsoo nrog qhov muag plooj vim kev tuav tes, nws yog qhov zoo dua los teeb lub qhov ceev tsis pub ntev tshaj 1 hli, qhov twg mm yog millimeters ntawm koj qhov kev nkag ncaj qha.
- Thaum tua ib tus neeg taug kev mus rau qhov twg, qhov ntsuas qhov ceev yuav tsum tau qis dua 1/100.
- Thaum koj tab tom tua menyuam yaus sab hauv lossis sab nraum zoov, nws raug nquahu kom teeb tsa qhov ceev tsis qeeb dua 1/200.
- Cov khoom "nrawm tshaj" (piv txwv li, yog tias koj raug tua los ntawm lub tsheb lossis tsheb npav qhov rai) yuav xav tau qhov nrawm nrawm tshaj - 1/500 lossis tsawg dua.
- Yog tias koj npaj yuav ntes cov ntsiab lus zoo li qub thaum yav tsaus ntuj lossis thaum tsaus ntuj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob teeb tsa ISO siab dhau. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau qhov raug ntev thiab siv lub tswb.
- Thaum koj xav tua cov dej ntws zoo, koj yuav xav tau kaw qhov nrawm tsis pub ntau tshaj 2-3 vib nas this (yog tias daim duab tau npaj nrog qhov muag plooj). Yog tias daim duab xav kom ntse, cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no 1 / 500-1 / 1000 yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Cov no yog kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig uas tsis yog axiomatic. Ntau ntau nyob ntawm qhov peev xwm ntawm koj cov cuab yeej siv yees duab.
Diaphragm
Cia peb txiav txim siab dab tsi qhov dav qhov dav tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv qhov xwm txheej sib txawv
- Yog tias koj xav thaij duab ntawm ib puag ncig nruab hnub, tom qab ntawd lub qhov taub yuav tsum raug kaw rau f8-f3 kom cov ntsiab lus ntse. Hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, lub koob yees duab los ua ke, thiab tsis muaj nws, koj yuav tsum qhib lub qhov taub txawm tias txuas ntxiv thiab nce ISO.
- Thaum koj tua tus duab (piv txwv li, hauv chav yees duab), tab sis xav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov muag plooj tom qab, lub qhov taub yuav tsum qhib kom ntau li ntau tau. Tab sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog lub lens teeb tsa tsis siab-aperture, tom qab ntawd yuav muaj ntau qhov ntsuas f1.2-f1.8 thiab tsuas yog tib neeg lub qhov ntswg yuav tsom.
- Qhov tob ntawm daim teb kuj nyob ntawm daim diaphragm. Txhawm rau ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kom ntse, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv f3-f7.
Ua kom pom tseeb thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb
Kev tsom mus rau lub koob yees duab niaj hnub muaj 2 hom
- Phau ntawv . Muab kev sib hloov ntawm lub nplhaib lens lossis hloov qee yam tsis nyob hauv lub cuab yeej txhawm rau kom ua kom pom tseeb ntawm ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb.
- Nws pib . Lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsom mus rau qhov tsis siv neeg raws li cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm lossis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, ntau tus qauv muab kev lees paub lub ntsej muag tsis siv neeg nrog lawv tsom mus ntxiv).
Muaj ntau hom autofocus. Piv txwv li, lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau cov ncauj lus kom txog thaum lub khawm kaw ntawm lub cev raug tso tawm.
DOF yuav nyob ntawm qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem. Ntau tus kws yees duab xav tau los ua tus tswv ntawm kev yees duab duab, uas lawv sim siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov ncauj lus xaiv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim heev yog tias koj paub teeb tsa lub koob yees duab tshwj xeeb li cas tsuas yog cov ncauj lus sawv tawm thaum tsom mus, thiab keeb kwm yav dhau tseem tsis meej pem.
Cov haujlwm sib xws tuaj yeem tswj tau siv lub khawm ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cuab yeej, ntxiv rau los ntawm kev tig lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm lub lens.
ISO matrix cov
Cia peb saib qee qhov teeb tsa ISO tam sim no
- Rau kev tua sab nraum zoov lossis sab hauv lossis hauv chav ua haujlwm nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo (piv txwv li, mem tes), nws raug nquahu kom teeb tsa qhov tsawg kawg ISO qhov tseem ceeb (1/100). Yog tias ua tau, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov ntsuas qis dua.
- Huab cua lossis tsaus ntuj yuav xav tau teeb tsa ISO siab dua - siab dua 1/100, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig siab dhau yuav tsum tsis txhob teeb tsa.
Dawb tshuav
Hauv DSLRs, qhov sib npaug dawb tsis siv neeg feem ntau siv los yees duab cov khoom sib txawv - toj roob hauv pes, tsiaj lossis sab hauv. Tab sis thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov xwm txheej uas twb muaj lawm.
- Kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg feem ntau nqa cov nyiaj dawb hauv qhov sib dua "kev coj ua", thiab tuaj yeem ua rau daim duab tsaus muag, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xa mus tas li rau qhov teeb tsa no.
- Cov koob yees duab feem ntau muaj qhov sib npaug dawb uas phim "nruab hnub" lossis "tshav ntuj". Hom no zoo tagnrho rau cov pos huab, hnub grey.
- Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshuav nyiaj li cas teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa kom zoo rau hauv cov duab ntxoov ntxoo lossis ib puag ncig ntxoov ntxoo.
- Hauv ib puag ncig "txias", koj yuav tsum tsis txhob teeb tsa qhov sib npaug uas yuav ua rau daim duab txawm tias xiav thiab "txias". Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no tsis zoo li yuav ua kom zoo nkauj.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho qhov sib npaug dawb raws qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab ib puag ncig. Sim nrog cov txheej txheem hauv cov huab cua sib txawv. Txheeb raws nraim li cas ib hom tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam rau lub thav duab uas tau tshwm sim.
Kev pom zoo
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj teeb tsa koj lub koob yees duab koj tus kheej, muaj qee cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig los xav txog
- Yog tias koj xav kom kev thaij duab hmo ntuj tsis siv lub teeb nyem, nws txaus los teeb lub teeb pom kev zoo dua.
- Yog tias koj tab tom tua (duab, vis dis aus) thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab pom tias cov khoom txav mus los tau tsaus muag ntau dua, lub vijtsam pib ua haujlwm nrog ncua sijhawm, thiab kev tsom mus qeeb qeeb, qhov no qhia tias nws yog lub sijhawm los xaus qhov kev sib tham yees duab - qhov no tshwm sim tsis yog nrog teeb tsa tsis raug, tab sis nrog nyob twj ywm ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv qhov txias.
- Yog tias koj xav nqa daim ntawv txheeb xyuas tsev neeg lossis pab pawg, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub tswb thiab lub chaw taws teeb tswj cov cuab yeej. Txoj kev no, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuav tes yog qhov tsawg. Tib cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv thaum ua yeeb yaj kiab video.
- Thaum teeb tsa qhov sib npaug dawb uas tsim nyog hauv koj lub koob yees duab, nws raug nquahu kom koj siv qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab teeb tsa tus kheej qhov xav tau qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau koj los tswj cov cuab yeej xaiv.
- Cov qauv koob yees duab feem ntau "nyiam" tsom mus rau cov khoom ntawd uas ze rau nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej. Yog tias tus neeg (lossis tus neeg) nyob deb ntawm qhov no, thiab muaj cov khoom ntxiv ntawm nws thiab lub koob yees duab, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov txheej txheem uas tsom mus rau.
- Ntau tus neeg siv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov duab tsis meej. Feem ntau qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tuav tes. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ntsib "tus kab mob", nws tsim nyog pib ua kom ruaj khov ntawm lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej lossis ntawm lub lens (yog tias koj lub cuab yeej muaj cov teeb tsa zoo li no).
- Yog tias tua siv lub koob yees duab, tom qab ntawd nws raug tso cai tua cov duab ruaj khov.
- Qee lub koob yees duab muaj hom tshwj xeeb "daus". Nws tshwm sim txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav them nyiaj ntau dhau rau cov xim dawb hauv lub thav duab.
- Yog tias koj xav tua cov ncauj lus me me kom ze li sai tau, hom macro yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj nyob hauv cov koob yees duab niaj hnub no.
- Yog tias koj xav khaws ntau thiab ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tshiab kom txog thaum lub koob yees duab lub cim xeeb daim npav puv, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum teeb tsa "tua tas li" hom. Hauv qhov no, tus kws tshaj lij yuav txuas ntxiv "nyem" cov duab kom txog thaum koj txo lub pob ntawm rooj plaub lossis "sau" txhua qhov chaw pub dawb.
Pom zoo:
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