Bas-nyem (71 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Cov Duab Pleev Xim Rau Ntawm Phab Ntsa Hauv Sab Hauv, Lwm Yam Kev Pab Hauv Paus-nyem. Cov Cuab Yeej Thiab Cov Ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Kev tsim sab hauv yog ib yam txuj ci tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub tsev tau sib haum nrog qhov nyiam thiab nyiam ntawm nws cov neeg nyob. Ntawm ntau yam kev tsim qauv daws teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm niaj hnub no, cov kev daws teeb meem nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Hauv kab lus, peb yuav tham hauv ntxaws txog dab tsi hauv qab-nyem yog dab tsi, lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas, thiab tseem yuav ua li cas cov neeg tsim qauv sab hauv siv cov khoom dai no.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Hauv architecture, lub hauv paus-nyem yog hom duab puab uas yog duab puab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias daim duab no tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm nws keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau dua 50% (ntawm tag nrho cov ntim). Bas-nyem yog feem ntau tseem hu ua molding lossis kho kom zoo nkauj plaster .… Yog tias peb tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev kho kom zoo, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau hais tias thawj cov duab puab ntawm hom no tuaj yeem suav tias yog pob zeb kos duab ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub. Hauv lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, ntau tus neeg siv cov txheej txheem no, uas yog: cov neeg Iyiv, cov neeg nyob hauv Mesopotamia, Is Nrias teb thiab lwm tus. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev txhim kho thiab nthuav tawm ntawm kev daws teeb meem, cov kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub tuaj yeem rov tsim kho cov xwm txheej nrog qhov raug kom raug . Cov ntaub ntawv kho kom yooj yim tau nrov tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw qub ntawm cov xeev xws li Greece thiab Rome. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv tau siv los kho cov tuam tsev.

Bas-nyem raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tuaj yeem siv ntau yam qauv, piv txwv li, Gothic, Baroque, Art Nouveau. Yog tias koj xav kho koj lub tsev nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xav txog kev tsim kho kom yooj yim.

Pros thiab cons

Zoo ib yam li lwm qhov kev daws teeb meem, cov hauv paus-nyem yog tus yam ntxwv zoo thiab tsis zoo. Ua ntej tsim cov khoom sib xws hauv koj lub tsev lossis chav tsev, nws tsim nyog ntsuas txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, yog li tsis txhob khuv xim koj qhov kev txiav txim siab yav tom ntej . Piv txwv li, cov khoom pib ntawm kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tseeb tiag, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv raw li cas, qib ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim cov hauv paus-nyem yuav txawv. Kev siv zog ntau tshaj plaws yog pob zeb-pob zeb, vim nws xav tau qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev txawj thiab kev tshaj lij los ntawm cov duab puab. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias txawm tias qhov ua yuam kev me me tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev xav tag nrho ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txhawm rau tsim kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ua los ntawm ntoo, koj yuav tsum muaj txuj ci cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab. Nyob qhov twg Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog av nplaum - yuav luag txhua tus tuaj yeem tuav tau nws.

Thiab tseem muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm seb cov txheej txheem twg yog siv los ua kev sib xyaw. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem txav cov lus sib xyaw los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau lwm qhov, uas yog, qhov tsis zoo . Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb tsim canvas sawv, qhov twg yuav ua haujlwm, qhov ua rau stucco molding tuaj yeem txav ntawm qhov xav tau rau txhua qhov chaw. Lub peev xwm los ua kom yooj yim nyem ntawm cov canvas tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv kos duab no.

Qhov zoo ntawm kev txo qis hauv qab suav nrog qhov tseeb tias nws tso cai rau koj tswj hwm 1: 1 nplai, thaum txuag nyiaj.

Saib

Lub hauv paus-nyem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, xws li ntoo lossis muab tshuaj txhuam, siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Hauv qhov no, ntau hom kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem tau txais. Cia peb xav txog qhov nrov tshaj plaws.

Siab

Hom kev pab hauv qab no hu ua siab siab. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias nws nthuav tawm los ntawm nws lub dav hlau keeb kwm yav dhau, tsim qhov siab thiab ntim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Luv luv

Kev saib xyuas qhov tob ntawm kev pab hauv av yog hu ua counter-relief (txo qis). Ntawm no cov duab tsis nthuav tawm saum lub dav hlau hauv paus, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tob tob rau hauv nws. Feem ntau, qhov sib xyaw kom tob yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom pov tseg.

Sib xyaw

Hom bas-relief no feem ntau yog. Nws ua ke ob qho tib si qhov tob thiab qhov sib npaug hauv nws cov kev sib xyaw. Yog li, nyob ntawm tus kheej nyiam qhov nyiam thiab cov style ntawm chav, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib lossis lwm hom bas-nyem thiab pib tsim cov duab puab txawv txawv.

Siv cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv

Thaum tsim qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab, qhov txiaj ntsig kawg tau cuam tshuam ntau yam los ntawm ntau yam, ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yuav tsum suav nrog:

• pob roj hmab - muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib xyaw cov khoom qub;
• tshwj xeeb spatulas rau cov duab puab (lossis riam palette) - koj yuav tsum npaj spatulas ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv hauv ib txheej;
• convex-concave spatulas;
• riam riam;
• syringe confectionery nrog nozzles;
• pleev xim ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv;
• ntawv txhuam;
• putty;
• alabaster;
• gypsum;
• zas xim

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua tib zoo thiab ua tib zoo xaiv cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv. Nws raug nquahu kom ua raws tus lej txoj cai yooj yim thaum xaiv thiab yuav:

• yuav cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas ntseeg siab thiab cov tuam ntxhab uas txaus siab rau lub koob npe zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv zej zog;
• kawm tshuaj xyuas txog yam khoom tshwj xeeb ua ntej;
• xaiv cov khoom lag luam ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab, txij li qhov no pom qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov zoo tau pom;
• rau kev yuav khoom, hu rau tsuas yog cov khw muag khoom raug cai thiab cov tswv lag luam txhawm rau txhawm rau zam kev yuav khoom tsis zoo lossis khoom cuav.

Ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Nws yuav tsum tau hais meej tam sim ntawd cov pob nyem hauv pob yog ua los ntawm txhais tes. Tsuas yog txoj hauv kev no koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, vim tias, qhov tseeb, tsim kom muaj kev daws teeb meem hauv qab yog daim duab kos duab sib cais.

Cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig: yog tias koj tsis mob siab rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb, lossis tsim cov pob zeb hauv qab rau ntawm qhov loj, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb plaster.

Nws tau ntseeg tias ua ntej tsim cov duab tha xim uas yuav kho koj lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev sim ua haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem xyaum ua ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab muaj . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los tsim cov ntawv sib piv ua cov canvas, koj tuaj yeem siv plywood nrog cov thav duab ua los ntawm cov khoom ntoo. Koj yuav tsum pib tsim kho lub hauv paus ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab tsuas yog tom qab tau txais kev ntseeg siab hauv koj lub peev xwm thiab tsawg kawg yog kev paub me ntsis.

Ib kauj ruam zuj zus, kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus-nyem yog raws li hauv qab no

1. Thawj theem hauv kev tsim lub hauv paus-nyem yog kev npaj txhij ntawm lub hauv paus. Feem ntau, plaster zoo tib yam ua lub hauv paus. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij thiab paub dhau los siv cov khoom hu ua Marseilles wax. Lub hauv paus uas tau xaiv yuav tsum tau siv rau daim ntaub (plywood lossis tam sim saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab), ua kom zoo thiab kos npe. Txhawm rau tsim kev nplij siab, koj tuaj yeem siv yuav luag txhua cov ntaub ntawv muaj (piv txwv li, daim txhuam cev, roj hmab ua npuas, daim ntaub).
2. Tom qab npaj lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum pib hloov daim duab los ntawm stencil mus rau daim ntaub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, daim duab ntawm daim duab yuav tsum nias nruj nreem rau hauv txheej txheej (qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej txheej no qhuav tawm).
3. Nyob rau theem no, cov duab uas twb muaj lawm tiaj tus uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsum tau muab ntim uas tsim nyog rau hauv qab-nyem. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv qhov tshwj xeeb tsim sib xyaw rau kev ua qauv (alabaster feem ntau siv, vim nws tau ua los ntawm qib siab ntawm lub zog). Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsis pom zoo siv gypsum, uas yog cov khoom tawg yooj yim heev los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv sab hauv. Txhawm rau tsim ntim, koj yuav tsum sib tov hmoov alabaster qhuav nrog dej kom txog thaum sib xws sib xws. Tom qab ntawd, thov txheej txheej los ntawm txheej, koj tuaj yeem muab koj daim duab ntim rau qhov xav tau.
4. Thaum, hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sau tus kws sau ntawv, nws dhau los ua qhov tsim kev nyuaj siab, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev khawb tawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau.
5. Yog tias koj xav tau txuas cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau hauv qab-nyem, qhov no tau ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm ntawd thaum cov khoom tseem tsis tau qhuav. Ib qho ntxiv, yog tias txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm qeeb thiab cov khoom qhuav, nws raug nquahu kom ntub nws nrog dej ib ntus.
6. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb thiab ceev faj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntsiab lus loj ntawm lub hauv paus-nyem. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov xaim uas yuav ua raws li tus qauv.
7. Tom qab qhov txheej txheem xaus, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog rau lub sijhawm thaum lub hauv paus-pob zeb qhuav tag. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum txhuam txhua qhov sib xyaw kom tau txais kev ua tiav tiav. Cov txheej txheem xuab zeb raug pom zoo kom ua nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb. Cov txheej sab saum toj tuaj yeem yog txheej txheej ntawm cov xim pleev xim lossis dej.

Kawm txog txhua theem thiab kev rau siab ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub hauv paus, uas yuav muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab muaj lub zog txaus los ua haujlwm ntev.

Phab ntsa mount

Cov txheej txheem rau txuas lub hauv paus-nyem rau ntawm phab ntsa nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Yog tias txoj haujlwm tiav ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab, tom qab ntawv lo lus nug no ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej . Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, koj yuav tau siv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv. Yog li, txhawm rau txuas lub hauv paus-nyem rau saum npoo, kua silicone lossis cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb rau cov pob nyem feem ntau siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias tsim nyog, cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau rub nrog muab tso rau. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau, nrog rau muab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo nkauj.

Ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm qhov, cov khoom siv rau hauv paus-nyem yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab muaj zog li sai tau.

Cov tswv yim tsim nthuav

Thaum ua kom yooj yim kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj lossis ntau dua qub, ntxiv rau tsim koj tus kheej cov duab lossis siv cov ntawv ua tiav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov khoom tsim qauv zoo haum rau yuav luag txhua chav hauv chav tsev lossis tsev . Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, chav pw, menyuam chav thiab chav dej.

Qhov loj tshaj yog qhov pib-nyem nrog nws cov duab haum rau cov qauv ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig: loft, classic, minimalism, classicism thiab hais txog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hom duab puab no tuaj yeem siv los kho cov qhov cub, cov koov, ntxiv rau tsim cov thav duab rau xim tha xim lossis txawm tias vaj huam sib luag. Yog li, qhov pib-nyem yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv. Xav txog ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev qhia ua kom yooj yim rau sab hauv.

Abstraction

Qhov kev daws teeb meem bas-nyem yuav zoo kawg nkaus haum rau txhua qhov style sab hauv. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ob qho tib si ntsug thiab kab rov tav . Nyob ntawm cov qauv dav dav ntawm chav, koj tuaj yeem hais txog cov duab puab nrog cov xim ci thiab sib piv lossis ua kom pom tsis tau - kom phim cov xim sib txawv.

Tsiaj luam tawm

Cov neeg nyiam tsiaj yuav nyiam lub hauv paus-nyem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peacocks, tsov ntxhuav, ntses, noog thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb. Nrog rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tsim ob qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ib tus tsiaj, thiab daim duab tiav (piv txwv li, safari lossis seabed). Yog tias muaj lub siab xav tsim cov qauv tsim hauv chav menyuam yaus, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv cov duab tas luav lossis tsiaj zoo rau qhov no . Cov menyuam yaus laus yuav nyiam, piv txwv li, lub hauv paus piav qhia txog tus nab lossis txawm tias yog zaj nruab nrab.

Flora

Hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo qis qis yog toj roob hauv pes. Piv txwv li, luam tawm paj nrog tswb thiab daisies zoo li zoo, thiab tsob ntoo stucco lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog kev daws teeb meem zoo. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav saib zoo hauv txoj kev hauv tsev thiab hauv chav ua noj.

Ntiaj teb daim ntawv qhia

Cov neeg nyiam mus ncig tau qhia kom tsim qhov txawv txav thiab qub hauv pem teb hauv qab nrog lub npe "Daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb ". Hauv qhov no, txhua lub teb chaws thiab dej hiav txwv yuav tsum kos kom meej meej li sai tau. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv cov xim zoo nkauj cov tebchaws uas koj twb muaj hmoo lawm (lossis muab cov duab cim rau lawv, piv txwv li, chij).

Lub roob

Lub hauv paus-nyem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm roob yuav txig haum rau hauv chav nyob lossis chav pw. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tsim nws xim (piv txwv li, roob daus-roob lossis roob nrog nyom ntsuab) lossis kom phim rau phab ntsa. Dhau li , koj tuaj yeem tsim lub pas dej lossis ib lub zos ntawm ko taw ntawm toj siab.

Tsev fuabtais

Cov duab no zoo tshaj plaws rau chav pw thiab kho tus menyuam chav rau tus ntxhais. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tsim ob zaj dab neeg thiab tsev fuabtais tiag tiag.

Tub txib saum ntuj

Qhov kev xaiv no yuav haum zoo rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam. Nyob ntawm tus menyuam ntawm tus menyuam, cov tubtxib saum ntuj tuaj yeem pom tus ntxhais lossis tus tub . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws raug nquahu kom siv tsuas yog cov xim pastel thiab muag heev, thiab tsis ci xim neon.

Hniav

Bas-nyem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj yog ib qho yooj yim los ua. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov qauv sab hauv classic.

Yog li, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv thiab cov tswv yim rau kev txo qis uas tuaj yeem haum zoo rau hauv txhua chav . Tab sis ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev nyiam thiab nyiam ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg uas yuav nyob hauv lawv. Lub hauv paus-nyem tuaj yeem ua ob leeg ntawm koj tus kheej tes, thiab koj tuaj yeem thov kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsom mus rau tsis yog tsuas yog ua txuj ci ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj tseem ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv.