Muaj Pes Tsawg Lub Voos Xwmfab Ntoo Noo Noo Hnyav? Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Ntoo Thuv Ntoo Hauv 1 M3, Qhov Loj 50x150x6000 Thiab 50x200x6000, 40x150x6000 Thiab Lwm Yam

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov ntoo thiab cov ntoo ntawm ntuj noo noo yog qhov xav tau zoo vim nws tus nqi pheej yig. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav saib yuav xam lawv qhov hnyav li cas, thiab yam koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Qhov hnyav nyob ntawm seb cov av noo li cas?

Vaum Puas yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej hauv cov ntoo mus rau qhov ntoo loj. Qhov feem pua no ib txwm ntau dua xoom, vim tias dej yog ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo, nws muaj nyob hauv nws hauv qee qhov nyiaj. Qhov dej noo ntau hauv ntoo, nws hnyav dua. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li ntom ntom (tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus) thiab ntim kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov noo noo.

Tsob ntoo muaj qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab ntim nrog ntuj noo. Lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem piav qhia ob txoj hauv kev

• Hauv qhov kev nkag siab, cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm cov hav zoov txiav tshiab yog los ntawm 40 txog 110%. Nws kuj tseem hu ua thawj zaug. Nws nyob ntawm hom ntoo, kev loj hlob zoo li cas thiab lub caij thaum nws poob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tsob ntoo muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pib ya raws - vim qhov no, cov cav los ntawm pob tw ib sab yuav hnyav dua los ntawm sab saud. Sapwood yog ntub dua lub noob. Raws li nws qhuav, cov ntsiab lus dej hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev (thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm lawv) sib npaug rau tib lub xeev (sib npaug). Qhov nruab nrab, tsob ntoo uas muaj dej noo pib hnyav 2-3 zaug ntau dua li tsob ntoo qhuav.
• Hauv qhov kev nkag siab dav, qhov no yog ntoo thiab ntoo ntoo siab dua cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau, uas yog, thaum qhov sib npaug ntawm cov av noo nrog huab cua sab nraud tau ua tiav, thiab cov dej los ntawm cov ntoo nres tsis qhuav. Qhov ntsuas no yog qhov sib txawv rau cov tsiaj sib txawv thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib puag ncig, qib ntawm huab cua siab. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, siv tus qauv ntsuas qhia hauv GOST - 22%. Ntawd yog, hauv kev coj ua hauv tsev, txhua yam khoom siv nrog cov dej cov ntsiab lus siab dua qib no feem ntau raug xa mus ua cov khoom siv ntawm ntuj noo. Ib tsob ntoo nrog 22% cov dej noo hnyav 1.5-2 npaug tsawg dua nws qhov hnyav thawj zaug.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas cov khoom siv ntawm ntuj noo (23-80%) xav tau kev yuav yog nws tus nqi qis (20-50% qis dua qhuav). Tsis muaj qhov ziab khaub ncaws ua ntej, nws tsis tshua muaj siv (feem ntau yog rau kev tsim cov rafter systems, formwork, battens, floorings), txij li nws shrinks thiab yuav raug deformation.

Yog li ntawd, tom qab kev yuav khoom, cov khoom siv raw tau qhuav rau qib uas xav tau - raws li GOST, cov av noo yuav tsum tsis pub ntau dua 14-23% rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud, rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv - 8-10%.

Ob txoj hauv kev yog siv kom qhuav

• Huab cua - tso cai kom tau ntoo nrog cov dej noo ntawm 18-22% (thauj dej noo), siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis mus rau ib xyoos, tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav qhuav tau txo los ntawm 25-35% piv rau thawj zaug.
• Chamber -Kev ziab yog nqa tawm hauv chav cua sov (convective, nqus tsev, microwave) thiab siv sijhawm ntau hnub, tso cai ua kom cov av noo ntawm 8-12% (chav qhuav).

Chav tsev-ntoo qhuav, qhuav ua kom zoo nkauj, muaj qhov hnyav qis tshaj piv rau thawj qhov-nws qhov hnyav yog 30-50% tsawg dua li ntawm cov dej noo thawj zaug. Thaum yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias thaum ziab, tsis tsuas yog lawv qhov hnyav hloov pauv, tab sis kuj yog lawv qhov ntev. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev nqaim tsis sib luag hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv - cov ntoo qhuav tawm hauv qhov dav ntau dua li qhov ntev (qhov nqaim hauv qhov dav qee zaum txog li 12%). Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov dej noo tsis ntws los ntawm tag nrho saum npoo ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis ntws los ntawm cov fibers - uas yog, nws evaporates feem ntau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub cav lossis lub rooj tsavxwm.

Shrinkage coefficients nyob ntawm seb txoj kev ziab thiab hom ntoo (lawv tau qhia hauv phau ntawv siv). Piv txwv li, lub rooj sib txig ntawm cov av noo nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm 150x50 mm (raws li GOST 8486) tom qab ziab thiab sib tsoo yuav muaj ntu txog 145x45 mm. Nyob ntawm ntau npaum li cas qhov hnyav thiab ntim ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv hloov pauv hauv kev sib piv nrog thawj qhov, lawv txawv:

• khov heev kom qhuav - larch, birch, linden, beech;
• nruab nrab ziab - feem ntau conifers, aspen, tshauv;
• Qhuav qhuav - alder, poplar, willow.

Qhov loj ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntoo ntawm ntau hom

Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los xam ua ntej qhov hnyav ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntoo tabular … Cov phau ntawv siv qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntom ntoo ntawm ntau hom tsiaj (paub qhov twg nws yooj yim los suav qhov hnyav) lossis ncaj qha qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pawg.

Piv txwv li, siv cov ntxhuav siv, peb pom tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntoo txiav tshiab ntau npaum li cas sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom qhuav mus rau 20% noo noo:

• cubic meter ntawm pedunculate ntoo qhib nrog thawj cov ntsiab lus noo noo (kwv yees li 70%) hnyav 990 kg, thiab ntawm qhov dej noo ntawm 20%, qhov hnyav txo qis 1, 4 zaug - txog 720 kg;
• ib cubic meter ntawm cov tshiab txiav cov ntoo ntoo hnyav hnyav 930 kg (noo noo 78%), thiab tom qab ziab kom txog 20%, qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom raug txo los ntawm 30% - txog 650 kg;
• qhov loj ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntoo spruce nrog thawj cov ntsiab lus noo ntawm 91% yog 710 kg - qhov no yog 36% ntau dua nrog cov dej noo ntawm 20% (460 kg);
• qhov hnyav ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntoo larch tshiab yog 1000 kg (av noo 82%), thiab cua qhuav (nrog cov av noo 20%) yog 31%tsawg dua - 690 kg;
• ntawm qhov pib ya raws cov ntsiab lus (82%), lub voos xwmfab aspen muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 760 kg, thiab ntawm 20% cov dej noo, cov khoom ua rau sib zog 33% (510 kg);
• ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm cov saw tshiab (88% noo noo) ntoo thuv hnyav 800 kg, thaum qhuav txog li 20%, qhov hnyav txo 1.5 npaug - txog li 520 kg;
• thaum qhuav los ntawm qib pib (78%) mus rau 20% cov av noo, qhov hnyav ntawm ib cubic meter ntawm Manchurian tshauv txo los ntawm 300 kg - los ntawm 980 kg txog 680 kg;
• qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm Siberian fir ntawm cov ntsiab lus noo noo (101%) yog 630 kg, thiab nrog cov dej noo ntawm 20%, nws yog 1, 6 zaug tsawg dua - 390 kg;
• qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm linden ntoo nrog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov av noo los ntawm qhov pib (60%) mus rau huab cua -qib qis qis dua 23% - los ntawm 660 kg txog 510 kg;
• ib cubic meter ntawm ntoo beech tshiab (64% noo noo) hnyav 910 kg, thiab ntawm 20% noo noo - 24% tsawg dua (690 kg);
• ib cubic meter ntawm cov tshiab sawn alder (84% cov dej noo) tom qab ziab kom dhau 1.5 zaug sib dua - los ntawm 810 kg rau 540 kg.

Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm qhia meej tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntoo txiav tshiab thiab huab cua qhuav yog qhov tseem ceeb - kwv yees li 30% lossis 1.5 npaug . Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv siv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov txiaj ntsig tau muab rau lub voos xwmfab ntom ntom (yog tias tag nrho ntim ntawm m3 tau sib npaug nrog cov khoom tsis muaj qhov khoob). Tab sis qhov tseeb, txawm tias muaj kev tso nruj tshaj plaws, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov laug cam lossis cov cav ntoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav qhov hnyav ntawm lub voos xwmfab folding tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb dua, qhov ntau ntawm cov duab ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov kab ncaj.

Yog li ntawd, rau kev suav kom raug, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis tsuas yog hom ntoo, tab sis kuj yog hom khoom siv, nyob ntawm qhov uas nws tus kheej kho qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem xam yuav xav tau.

Cov yam ntxwv suav

Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev suav rau hom khoom nrov tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau xam qhov hnyav ntawm cov duab plaub lossis plaub fab ntoo ntoo (edged, profiled, planed boards, beams), siv tus qauv: ntim * ntom, qhov twg ntim tau suav los ntawm cov mis ntev * dav * siab. Ua li no, qhov hnyav ntawm ib pawg thawj coj tau suav, tom qab ntawd suav nrog tus lej ntawm cov laug cam hauv ib lub cubic meter. Piv txwv li, cia peb xam ntau npaum li cas ntoo thuv ntoo thuv ntoo tshiab 50x150x6000 mm yuav hnyav ntawm qhov av noo 40% (qhov ntom ntawm ntoo thuv ntawm qhov av noo tau muab los ntawm phau ntawv siv - 590 kg / m3).

• (6 m * 0.05 m * 0.15 m) * 590 kg / m3 = 26.6 kg - qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm.
• 26.6 x 22 = 585.2 kg - nyhav nyhav nyhav.

Rau kev sib piv, ntawm 20% cov av noo:

• (6 m * 0.05 m * 0.15 m) * 520 kg / m3 = 23.4 kg - qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm;
• 23.4 x 22 = 514.8 kg - nyhav nyhav nyhav.

Siv cov txheej txheem no, nws yooj yim los laij qhov hnyav ntawm ib cubic meter ntawm pawg thawj coj lossis ntoo ntawm qhov xav tau qhov ntev - 50x200x6000 mm, 40x150x6000 mm, 50x100x6000 mm, 150x50x6000 mm, 50x50x6000 mm thiab lwm yam.

Ib lub rooj tsav xwm uas tsis tau tuav tsis tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa kom nruj raws li lub rooj tsavxwm plaub fab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib pawg yuav txawv me me. Txhawm rau xam qhov hnyav ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntawm cov khoom siv no, koj xav tau:

• xaiv ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom hauv ib pawg;
• xam cov lej nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm cov cav lossis pawg thawj coj saib;
• xam qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm;
• sib npaug qhov hnyav nruab nrab los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov laug cam hauv pawg.

Yog tias pawg loj dhau, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tus lej ntawm cov laug cam lossis cov cav, siv cov txheej txheem los txiav txim qhov hnyav - txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm pob uas cov ntoo txiav tau muab tso, tom qab ntawd siv cov coefficients txo qis los xam qhov hnyav (teev hauv OST 13-24-86).

Txhawm rau suav qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab ntoo, cov txheej txheem kuj tseem siv tau, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov cai rau kev teeb tsa lawv tau nruj me ntsis. Yog tias cov ntoo tau muab tso ua pawg, hauv kev suav koj xav tau:

• hloov qhov ntim ntawm lub voos xwmfab loj rau qhov quav;
• suav qhov hnyav siv qhov txo qis los ntawm GOST 3243-88.

Piv txwv li, txhawm rau hloov pauv qhov ntim ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo tawv 25 cm ntev mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab folding, qhov sib npaug ntawm 0, 7 feem ntau yog siv. nrhiav qhov ntim, koj xav tau lub cev ntim ntawm 5, Sib npaug 98 m3 los ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Qhov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim yog 4.1 m3 - ntim cov ntoo kom zoo ua ke hauv cov ntoo. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ntoo ntawm 40% cov av noo yog 2274.6 kg (4.1 m3 x 730 kg / m3 x 0.76), qhov twg 76 yog qhov hloov kho), thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ib cubic meter yog 554.8 kg.

Rau puag ncig ntoo txiav ntoo, cov kev cai suav tau txiav txim siab los ntawm GOST 2292-88 thiab GOST 2708-75

• Txhawm rau suav qhov ntim ntawm ib lub cav sib npaug, siv lub ntsuas ntsuas GOST 2708-75.
• Rau cov cav ntoo tsis kho, qhov ntev ntawm ib tus lej ntawm cov pawg tau xaiv ntsuas, txiav txim siab txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntug (nyias) ntug, tsis suav nrog cov tawv ntoo. Kev suav ntxiv tau ua los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab.

Txhawm rau suav qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv ntau (sawdust, txua ntoo), siv cov kev hloov kho los ntawm cov ntxhuav saib kom raug.