Kho Vajtse (30 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Kho Vajtse, Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb Hlau Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Lag Luam

Cov txheej txheem:

Video: Kho Vajtse (30 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Kho Vajtse, Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb Hlau Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Lag Luam

Video: Kho Vajtse (30 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Kho Vajtse, Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb Hlau Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Lag Luam
Video: New Laj Tsawb Hlub Tsis Muaj Tso Yuav Nciam Ntawm Koj Mus 2024, Plaub Hlis Ntuj
Kho Vajtse (30 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Kho Vajtse, Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb Hlau Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Lag Luam
Kho Vajtse (30 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Hom Khoom Kho Vajtse, Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb Hlau Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Lag Luam
Anonim

Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua ntawm ntau hom fasteners, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse yog dab tsi thiab lawv yog dab tsi tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no tau siv dav hauv lub neej niaj hnub rau ntau caum xyoo, ntxiv rau hauv ntau thaj chaw thiab kev lag luam. Ntau dua ntau yam khoom siv kho vajtse rau ntau lub hom phiaj tau nthuav tawm hauv ntu kev lag luam sib xws.

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Nws yog dab tsi?

Teb rau lo lus nug no, ib tus yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm nws tus kheej, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hlau. Cov tsos ntawm lo lus "kho vajtse" yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav hloov lub npe ntev nrog luv luv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tib yam "kho vajtse" tau txais los ntawm "cov khoom siv hlau".

Peb yuav tsum daws nrog ntau yam khoom siv kho vajtse txhua lub sijhawm. Fasteners yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho, tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm xauv . Nws yuav tsum tau nyob hauv siab tias qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tsis txwv ib leeg rau cov hlua khawm.

Pawg kho vajtse, suav nrog lawv tus yam ntxwv, suav nrog cov khoom lag luam tsis yog rau tsev neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau lub hom phiaj kev lag luam. Raws li lub ntsiab lus, nws tuaj yeem suav nrog txhua yam khoom lag luam ua los ntawm hlau, nrog rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev rov faib plaub zaug hauv kev lag luam hlau. Hauv kev coj ua, feem ntau peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv me me uas siv hauv kev teeb tsa ntau yam txheej txheem.

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Hauv tsev neeg, lo lus uas raug txiav txim siab txhais tau tias yog metric khawm ris . Cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev muab ntau yam khoom zoo sib xws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog:

  • ntsia hlau thiab cotter pins;
  • ntsia liaj qhov rooj, txiv ntseej, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntsia hlau;
  • cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam thiab tus kheej tapping screws;
  • rivets ntawm ntau hom;
  • plaub hau
  • dowels thiab anchors;
  • electrode thiab xaim;
  • hinges thiab ntau yam fasteners nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zauv.
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Txhua yam khoom teev tseg nrhiav daim ntawv thov yuav luag txhua qhov chaw thiab tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev … Lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv cov xwm txheej uas xav tau kev sib txuas zoo thiab ntseeg tau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias txog 4, 5 txhiab txoj haujlwm nrawm tau koom nrog hauv kev lag luam tsheb.

Kho vajtse yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum thaum tsim qauv txee. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom piav qhia niaj hnub no tseem yog kev tsim khoom lag luam. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nws tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom muag, khoom siv rau kev kho me me, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv feem ntau yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev rov siv dua.

Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua tus khawm khawm tau hais meej meej los ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog. Qhov no kuj siv rau daim ntawv lo. Yog li, cov hom phiaj nrawm feem ntau raug xaiv "ГЗ", thiab pawg no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • ГЗ1 - ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm txhua hom;
  • ГЗ2 - ntsia hlau thiab khawm;
  • ГЗ3 - txiv ntoo ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa;
  • ГЗ4 - rivets (rub thiab xov);
  • ГЗ6 - tus pin cotter thiab tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws;
  • ГЗ 7 - pin

Chav kawm yim (GZ8) suav nrog tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau kev lag luam.

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Kev faib tawm

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias tam sim no muaj cov cuab yeej txuas nrawm tuaj yeem faib ua 2 pawg loj. Ib ntawm lawv suav nrog cov qauv nrog cov xov ntawm qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg (txog rau ntiv tes thiab ntau dua), uas yog hu ua metric fasteners .… Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog bolts, txiv ntseej, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab khawm.

Pawg thib ob ntawm cov hlau txuas nrog rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov tsos thiab kev teeb tsa . Cov npe ntawm cov khoom suav nrog cov ntsia hlau, suav nrog cov qauv ntsuas hauv qab, ntsia hlau tus kheej, ntsia hlau thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv kho vajtse. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias txhua pawg khoom lag luam tau tsim los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Coj mus rau hauv tus lej tus lej thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, nws raug nquahu kom siv lawv tsuas yog rau lawv lub hom phiaj.

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Los ntawm kev teem caij

Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev xaiv dav ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev, muaj kev xaiv ntau yam khoom siv kho vajtse, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv lawv lub hom phiaj. Fasteners tuaj yeem faib ua 2 pawg dav raws qhov loj me thiab kev ua tau zoo.

  1. Rau kev siv hauv tsev . Txawm hais tias lawv qhov me me, cov cuab yeej siv no tau siv dav hauv yuav luag txhua qhov ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no. Lawv yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum ua haujlwm kho, tsim kho me me thiab tag nrho lwm cov xwm txheej niaj hnub. Thiab peb tab tom tham, nrog rau lwm yam, hais txog ntau yam ntawv sau uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hlau piav qhia.
  2. Tsim los rau kev lag luam . Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg pab pawg no tau siv dav hauv kev siv tshuab thiab ntau lwm yam lag luam. Lawv cov npe suav nrog, piv txwv li, rivets, pins, cotter pins, tsheb nqaj hlau tsheb nqaj hlau, ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab ntau ntxiv.

Ua rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kho vajtse suav nrog tsis yog feem ntau thiab paub zoo rau txhua qhov txuas xws li ntsia liaj qhov rooj, txiv ntseej, ntsia hlau thiab ntsia hlau. Peb tab tom tham txog ntau dua ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog siab uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam khoom.

Cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm kho vajtse txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov.

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Raws li cov ntaub ntawv

Thaum pib, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov hlau hauv lawv daim ntawv dawb huv tau siv tsawg heev rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Feem ntau, cov hlau sib txawv, uas suav nrog ntau yam, ua raws li cov khoom siv raw. Qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj yog hlau, uas yog, cov hlau thiab cov hlau sib xyaw. Muaj ob peb qhov sib xyaw zoo sib xws, tab sis hauv qhov no, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov kho vajtse tau tsim los tsim nyog mloog, uas yog:

  • cov qauv hlau carbon;
  • caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau;
  • malleable cam khwb cia hlau;
  • stainless hlau;
  • tooj liab;
  • tooj dag;
  • tooj liab;
  • aluminium hlau.

Muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam galvanized ntawm kev ua lag luam, ntxiv rau ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis huv . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kho vajtse ua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav hlau tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Cov no suav nrog tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, phua pins, ntiv nplhaib ntawm ntau txoj kab nruab nrab thiab teeb tsa, thiab lwm yam txuas. Hauv lawv cov khoom lag luam, cov qauv sib xyaw nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau ntxiv (0.5-07%) yog siv los ua raw khoom.

Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom sib xyaw muaj silicon thiab manganese.

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Xav txog ntau dua li ntau yam kev thov rau cov hlau txuas cov tuam ntxhab muab rau hauv lawv cov kev lag luam ntu ntu piv txwv ntawm cov khoom ua tsis tsuas yog hlau . Ib lub niche tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas. Ib qho ntxiv, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tuaj yeem pom yooj yim ntawm kev muag. Piv txwv, cov qauv ua los ntawm tooj liab tau nthuav tawm:

  • rivets (rub thiab tsav);
  • cov nplhaib sib khi;
  • txiv ntseej raws li DIN 934;
  • cov ntawv me me thiab cov ntsia hlau zoo nkauj;
  • ntxhua khaub ncaws

Ntawm lwm yam, cov khoom siv tooj dag muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj, cov ntsia hlau, tus kheej tapping ntsia hlau, cotter pins, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxiv rau tus kheej cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov thauj tog rau nkoj.

Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj tau them nyiaj rau tooj liab, los ntawm qhov uas, piv txwv li, rivets thiab lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws caij nplooj ntoo hlav tau ua tam sim no.

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Los ntawm chav kawm muaj zog

Txhua qhov kev xav tau yooj yim rau cov khawm ris tau muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem raug cai. Yog li, piv txwv li, Cov txheej txheem rau xov kho vajtse tau teev tseg hauv GOST 1759, 0-87 … Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov khoom siv, suav nrog txheej txheej, kos cim, cim thiab txawm tias ntim. Hauv qhov no, ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog lub zog.

Raws li cov txheej txheem tam sim no thiab xav tau rau cov ntsia hlau, cov ntsia hlau thiab cov ntsia hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab tsis tau koom nrog, muaj 11 chav kawm muaj zog. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau hais los ntawm ob tus lej sib cais los ntawm tus lej. Hauv qhov no, thawj zaug yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug 100, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsawg kawg tensile zog, ntsuas hauv N / sq. hli Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom ntawm ob tus lej no, nce ntxiv los ntawm 10, muab cov khoom ntws txaus. Piv txwv li, qib 4.8 yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 400 thiab 320 N / sq. mm ib.

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Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv

Ntau tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa thiab chav nyob ncaj qha rau kev xaiv kho vajtse raug. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj xav tau txuas rau hlau, phab ntsa ntub dej, lossis ua ntoo lossis yas ua haujlwm. Raws li qhov no, nws tau pom zoo tias yuav tsum saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau tus lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

  • Txhua pab pawg ntawm cov khoom raug txiav txim siab muaj koj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb , thiab yuav tsum siv kom tsim nyog.
  • Txhua qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom thiab khoom zoo . Txhua lub tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub tsim cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tam sim no. Cov ntawv pov thawj yuav pab txheeb xyuas qhov no.
  • Txhua yam khoom siv hlau muaj tshwj xeeb qhov ntev thiab cov yam ntxwv . Xws li kev faib tawm pab tshem tawm qhov ua tsis meej pem thaum xaiv. Txhua qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov txuas txuas tau txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntu uas yuav tsum txuas nrog thiab cov tseev kom muaj rau cov qauv.
  • Tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb ib yam nkaus muaj peev xwm lub neej ntawm kho vajtse .
  • Rau ntau tus, cov chaw tsim khoom ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nrog rau nyiaj txiag sab ntawm qhov teeb meem . Qhov tom kawg yog qhov cuam tshuam thaum ua haujlwm ntau ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog.

Ntxiv rau txhua qhov saum toj no, kev saib xyuas feem ntau them rau qhov pom.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub khoos phis tawj tau tshuaj xyuas rau cov chips, kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.

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Nta ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Txhua qhov nuances ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam hlau tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov. Nws tsim nyog txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm txheej txheem kev teeb tsa coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom khoom siv kho vajtse.

  • Ntsia - ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov khawm ris. Lawv feem ntau siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv mos.
  • Bolts sawv cev ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv. Rau lawv cov kev teeb tsa, tsis tas yuav tsum tau xov, tab sis nws tsuas yog txaus los laum lub qhov, txij li lawv txhim kho qhov sib koom ua ke nrog cov txiv ntoo.
  • Ntsia Hlau Lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb feem ntau los ntawm qhov muaj cov xov cylindrical, nrog rau lub peev xwm ntseeg tau txuas cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv.
  • Tus kheej tapping screws niaj hnub no lawv sawv cev yog ib pab pawg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no. Versatility yog ib qho ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev txiav cov xov hauv cov ntaub ntawv kom raug kho, qhov sib txuas nruj tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tau txais.
  • Ntoo ntsia hlau - cov no yog cov khawm uas feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov qub tsis txiav cov xov lawv tus kheej hauv qhov nrawm thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Heev feem ntau, cov ntsia hlau tau siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog yas.
  • Rau kev ruaj ntseg ntswj thiab kho, lawv tau teeb tsa washers thiab rings . Cov kho vajtse no tau muab tso rau hauv qab taub hau ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj lossis cov txiv ntoo kom tiv thaiv kev xoob ntawm kev sib txuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv thiab chav nyob.
  • Plaub hau muaj xov ob tog thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog. Automotive hubs thiab log mounts yog tus piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no.
  • Thauj tog rau nkoj daim hlau feem ntau siv thaum txhim kho lub qhov rooj, uas tau kho nrog qhov qhib nrog lawv pab.

Lawm, qhov no tsis yog daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov haujlwm. Thiab nws tseem yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qee qhov ntawm lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov txuas nrawm dua. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, thauj tog rau nkoj suav nrog lub duav, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj lossis ntsia hlau.

Pom zoo: