2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Hauv kev tsim kho ob lub tsev siab thiab tsev me, kev siv cov qhob cib yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug thiab muaj peev xwm. Yog tsis muaj nws, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom lub hauv paus thiab hauv pem teb screed. Pob zeb muaj cov cement. Nws tsis tiv taus ib puag ncig txhoj puab heev, tsis tiv taus txias txias, thiab tseem muaj dej tsis kam tiv taus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xis mas nqaim heev.
Kev nyuab siab cement ("NTS") tau nthuav dav, vim nws daim ntawv thov daws cov teeb meem saum toj no , cov khoom tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyuab siab cement yog tias thaum cov qhob sib xyaw ua kom tawv, nws pib nthuav dav. Vim qhov no, qhov kub tsis txias thiab cov txheej txheem shrinkage tsis ua mob rau cov qauv.
Peculiarities
Portland MAAs, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev ua vaj tsev, muaj gypsum thiab nplua cement clinker. Qhov nruab nrab, zoo tib yam Portland MAAs nqes ib ncig 2 hli / m. Cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho tuaj yeem pom tom qab 2 lub lis piam ntawm kev siv cov sib xyaw, thaum muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tawv. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg hauv lub lim tiam thib 3.
Kev nyuaj siab MAAs muab kev nthuav dav sai dua , uas tuaj yeem pom tam sim 3 hnub tom qab siv qhov sib xyaw. Ntawd yog, qhov no, lub pob zeb yuav tawv dua sai dua, uas yuav muab lub zog ntxiv thiab pab khaws nws thaum lub sijhawm "txaus ntshai".
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cement uas nthuav nws tus kheej muaj ntau yam ntxiv, vim qhov ua tau zoo ib yam. Qhov ntau xws li cov khoom tsis huv muaj, qhov sib xyaw ua kom nrawm dua, uas yog, cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tawv dua hauv lub sijhawm luv. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog ntau ntxiv tshuaj ntxiv, lub sijhawm tawv tuaj yeem txo qis rau 4-5 feeb, uas yuav tsim teeb meem ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv.
Khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg
Kev nthuav tawm tus kheej tau muab faib ua plaub hom - kev nyuaj siab cement (NC), nthuav cov cement tsis sib xws (VRC), alumina nthuav cov cement (GGRC / GC) thiab nthuav cov cement portland (ROC). Kev ua kom nruj nruj feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho. Nws yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab muaj li ntawm 70 feem pua Portland cement clinker, txog li 10 feem pua gypsum thiab txog li 20 feem pua alumina slag.
Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog teeb tsa nrawm thiab muaj zog . Thaum diluted nrog dej, qhov sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau lub sijhawm luv. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem nthuav dav tshwm sim. Hauv 24 teev tom qab tso, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nce lub zog ntawm 300 kg / cm3.
Hauv qhov no, cov khoom nthuav dav, thiab lub nra tshwm rau ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem sib txawv, nyob ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb
Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov qauv tsim, cov cement kev nyuaj siab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua vim muaj cov khoom zoo. Txawm tias tam sim no siv hloov kho cov muab tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws ib txwm. Vim qhov no, kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw no yog tus yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm kev siv nws.
Raws li rau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob tom qab ntawm pob. Thawj lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yuav siv sijhawm li 30 feeb. Tom qab ntawd los ua kom muaj zog tom qab 48 teev thiab tom qab 4 lub lis piam - 3.8 MPa thiab 5.9 MPa, feem, thiab lub zog sib zog tib lub sijhawm yuav yog 14 MPa thiab 49 MPa.
Qhov ntsuas tus kheej kev ntxhov siab yog 2 MPa. Frost tsis kam - F -30. Kab kev nyuab siab ntawm kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 0.3 txog 1.5 feem pua.
Cov ntim khoom tseem qhia tau tias kev ua haujlwm nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm +5 txog +35 degrees. Cov nyom uas muaj zog tau ntim rau hauv hnab ntawv ntawm 25 thiab 45 kg.
Qib thiab cov khoom
Lub sijhawm nws yuav siv rau cov cement ua kom tawv, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas nws yuav muaj, nyob ntawm qhov feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau kom cov ntsiab lus no raug kho thiab sau tawm, daim ntawv GOST 31108-2003 tau tshwm sim. Nws tswj hwm kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom, uas pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thiab kev nkag siab yuam kev thaum txhua txoj haujlwm tsim kho.
GOST 31108-2003 faib nws tus kheej nthuav kev sib xyaw ua 3 yam:
- Cov sib xyaw uas tsis thim tau cim nrog NTs 10 cim;
- NTs 20 tau txiav txim siab ua ke nrog kev nthuav dav nruab nrab;
- Maas nrog kev nthuav dav siab tshaj plaws tau siv hauv NTs 60 hom.
Kev xaiv ntawm hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement yog nyob ntawm nws thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov, tab sis NTs 20 lub npe tau txais qhov dav tshaj plaws vim tias nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo.
Kev siv NTs 20 pab kom ua tiav qib siab ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog . Kev nthuav dav thiab lub zog tensile siab dua li cov Portland xis mas raws cov tshuaj khib. Cov dej siab tiv taus los ntawm kev ua vaj tsev nrog kev ntxiv NTs 20 tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20 qhov cua, tiv taus te - txog li 1500 mus.
Txhua yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv no ua rau hom kev nyuab siab no tshwj xeeb hauv kev thov hauv ntau hom kev tsim kho ua haujlwm.
Nws siv qhov twg?
Vim yog tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov nyom kev nyuaj siab, qhov dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog dav heev. Nws siv yog cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim cov pas dej da thiab kev teeb tsa cov chaw kho mob. Muab nws qhov kev tiv thaiv rau ib puag ncig tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nrog rau cov khoom npaj rau khaws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom. Vim nws cov khoom tsis muaj dej thiab cov khoom ua kom zoo rau lub hauv paus pob zeb dhau los, qhov kev nthuav dav tus kheej no feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho vaj tse uas nquag muaj dej nyab, nrog rau tsim cov kav dej.
Thaum npaj lub tsev ntiag tug rau kev tsim lub qhov cub thiab qhov cua sov, cov cement ntawm NT 20 hom feem ntau siv. Rau ib qho haujlwm twg xav tau kev tiv thaiv qhov kub tshaj, tiv thaiv dej, nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom siv cov cement kev nyuaj siab. Qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau kev sau cov kab nrib pleb thiab nqaws, ua kom lub zog ruaj khov.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nws tsis pom zoo kom sib tov nrawm thiab lwm hom cement, vim qhov no yuav plam qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm NC. Qhov sib piv pom zoo rau cov tshuaj khib zoo yog NTs 20 thiab dej xuab zeb. Kev sib xyaw yuav tsum tau sib xyaw 1: 2.
Technology ntawm kev siv
Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thaum siv cov cement kev nyuaj siab, tag nrho thaj chaw uas nws yuav siv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj. Cov pob qij txha thiab cov npoo yuav tsum tau muab yaug kom huv thiab txo qis, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum tau ua kom ntub.
Daim ntawv teev cov khoom xav tau thaum siv cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov loj heev . Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb uas yuav ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Koj kuj tseem yuav xav tau: ib lub taub ntim uas yuav muab cov tshuaj khib sib xyaw, duav, ntaub pua chaw, lub tshuab ua kom siab ntau rau pob zeb ua ke thiab lub trowel trowel rau siv cov cement.
Txhawm rau pib nrog, nws tus kheej tau npaj. Sifted dej xuab zeb yog tov nrog cov cement hauv 2: 1 piv thiab ntim nrog dej mus txog 40 feem pua ntawm cov hmoov hmoov. Tom qab qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau sib xyaw kom zoo ib yam sib xws, nws tau nchuav rau hauv daim ntawv lossis siv los ntim cov nqaws, tawg thiab pob qij txha. Tom qab kev sib xyaw ua ke tau thov, nws yuav tsum tau muab sib dhos kom raug thiab sab laug rau 24 teev. Tom qab ntawd, cov nplaim dej tau ntub rau lwm lub lim tiam.
Npav
Txhua hom cement tau cim tseg yam tsis ua tiav. Qhov no tau ua kom nws paub meej tias muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab rau lub hom phiaj twg nws tuaj yeem siv tau. Suav nrog cov lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv.
Txog rau xyoo 2003, GOST 101785 tau siv . Nws cov npe suav nrog hom sib xyaw, nws lub zog, thiab muaj cov ntxhia ntxiv, uas tau qhia ua feem pua. Thaum kawg, cov khoom ntxiv tau sau tseg.
Raws li qhov tam sim no siv tau GOST 31108, daim ntawv lo tau hloov me ntsis, tab sis kom yooj yim ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, ob qho kev xaiv tseem siv feem ntau ntawm cov ntim khoom. Hauv daim ntawv lo tshiab, thawj yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg (I - uas tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv, II - nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv). Kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv tau faib los ntawm lawv ntau, tsab ntawv "A" qhia tias muaj 6 txog 20 feem pua ntawm cov tsis huv, tsab ntawv "B" - los ntawm 21 txog 35 feem pua. Cov lej Roman qhia tias hom tshuaj ntxiv twg yog siv hauv qhov sib xyaw.
Ntxiv mus, cov lej qhia txog kev txwv lub zog - los ntawm 22.5 txog 52.5 MPa , thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuam, uas suav txij li 2 txog 7 hnub thiab tau xaiv los ntawm cov ntawv: "H" - ib txwm ua kom tawv tawv, "C" - tawv tawv tawv, "B" - sib zog ua kom nrawm. Qhov nquag siv tshaj plaws, muab nws cov khoom, yog 32.5N qib xis mas. M500 yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb, vim nws muaj kev ntseeg tau tshwj xeeb thiab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
Pros thiab cons
Raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, kev nyuaj siab cement muaj ntau yam zoo dua li qhov tsis zoo.
- Piv txwv li, nws tsis raug nquahu, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom, teeb tsa sai, tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig thiab sab nraud siab, muaj cov khoom xws li kev tiv thaiv dej, tiv taus kom sov, tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv dej.
- Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thaum siv cov khoom sib xyaw no hauv kev ua haujlwm nce ntau zaus.
Tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo
- Ib ntawm lawv yog tus nqi ntau dua ntawm cov khoom siv no. Tab sis qhov no ntau dua li them nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov tsev.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qhov kub qis dhau, feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua vaj tse, cov nyom kev nyuaj siab yuav poob qee yam ntawm nws cov khoom. Nws tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws ntawm cov khoom lag luam txhawm rau txhawm rau zam qhov ua tau.
Yuav ua li cas sib tov cov tshuaj cement cug kom raug, koj tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov vis dis aus hauv qab no.
Pom zoo:
Lub Suab Nrov: Nws Nyob Ntawm Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Txiav Txim Siab Los Ntawm Dab Tsi? Nws Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Hauv Cov Chav Twg Nws Ntsuas? Cov Npe Ntawm Cov Chav Ntsuas Ntsuas Suab Nrov Yog Dab Tsi?
Lub suab nrov - nws yog dab tsi thiab ntsuas hauv chav twg? Nws nyob ntawm dab tsi thiab nws txiav txim siab los ntawm dab tsi? Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab yog dab tsi? Cov npe ntawm cov chav ntsuas ntsuas suab nrov yog dab tsi?
Tus Kheej Tapping Ntsia Hlau Rau Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Nyuaj Nyuaj (23 Duab): Tus Kheej Tapping Harpoon Rau Txhawm Rau Txhawm Rau Txhawm Rau Nyuaj Vaj Huam Sib Luag, Rooj Ntawm Qhov Ntau Thiab Tsawg Ntawm Cov Ntsia Hlau Vov Thiab Rau Pob Zeb
Self-tapping screws rau nyuaj vaj huam sib luag thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Xaiv cov lus pom zoo thiab cov txheej txheem yooj yim. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej tapping harpoon rau fastening sandwich panels
Serpyanka (37 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Daim Ntawv Thov Tus Kheej-nplaum Mesh. Yuav Ua Li Cas Lo Daim Kab Xev Rau Ntawm Phab Ntsa Ntub Dej Thiab Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Yuav Siv Nws Kom Raug Rau Pob Qij Txha Li Cas?
Serpyanka yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhawb cov khoom thaum ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Nws yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov raug ntawm tus kheej-nplaum mesh? Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab thev naus laus zis rau ua haujlwm nrog nws?
Cov Khoom Siv Ntoo Ntawm Ntoo: Nws Muaj Dab Tsi? Lub Zog Yog Dab Tsi, Nws Vam Khom Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Txawv Li Cas Ntawm Kev Ywj Pheej? Lwm Yam Khoom Dab Tsi Yog Tshuab?
Cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm ntoo qhia txog qhov zoo tag nrho ntawm cov khoom thiab muaj qhov ncaj qha rau nws. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo yog dab tsi? Lub zog yog dab tsi thiab nws vam khom dab tsi?
Scrapers Rau Tu Pobzeb Pob Qij Txha: Ua Qauv Rau Ntxuav Cov Pob Qij Txha Ntawm Cov Vuas, Dexter Thiab Lwm Yam Qauv, Cov Lus Qhia Rau Xaiv
Pobzeb scraper scrapers, lawv yog dab tsi? Qauv ntawm scrapers rau kev ntxuav cov pob qij txha ntawm cov vuas los ntawm cov grout, lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas? Dab tsi yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom sib dhos? Cov ntaub ntawv twg yog cov khoom tuaj ua los ntawm?
