2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Qhov zoo thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av hauv av yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob tag nrho, kev loj hlob thiab paj ntawm orchids. Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom sib xyaw npaj ua tiav pom zoo rau kev loj hlob cov kab txawv txawv no. Xav txog hom twg yog nrov nrog cov neeg cog paj niaj hnub no, thiab seb nws puas tuaj yeem npaj cov substrate zoo rau orchids hauv tsev. Dab tsi ntxiv uas tus neeg cog yuav tsum paub txog cov hauv paus uas yuav tsum tau rau kev yug me nyuam cov txiv ntoo capricious - qhov no yuav tham hauv kab lus.
Dab tsi substrate xav tau rau orchids?
Hauv thaj chaw tropics, uas yog qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag txawv txawv, orchids tsis loj hlob los ntawm hauv av txhua, raws li cov neeg cog qoob loo tshiab ntseeg yuam kev. Muaj cov hauv paus hauv av, cov menyuam no tau txais cov dej noo tsim nyog los ntawm huab cua, thaum cov pob zeb, cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, cov ntoo thiab cov ntoo ua kev txhawb nqa rau lawv. Ib qho yooj yim, txawm tias zoo heev thiab muaj av zoo tsis haum rau orchids. Cov av yooj yim tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib puag ncig zoo rau huab cua hauv paus uas tsis muaj zog uas ua kom muaj kev txhim kho thiab loj hlob . Vim li no, cov kws paub paj ntoo tau siv cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb hu ua cov hauv paus los cog cov ntoo txawv.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov substrate thiab qhov sib piv ntawm nws cov khoom yuav nyob ntawm seb muaj ntau yam ntawm cov orchids loj hlob, ntawm lawv qhov kev thov kom muaj nyob ntawm qee cov khoom xyaw. Pom nyob hauv cov khw niaj hnub ua vaj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw thoob ntiaj teb, tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob feem ntau ntawm cov paub hybrids. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no feem ntau yog:
- peat;
- sphagnum;
- shredded ntoo tawv ntoo;
- vermiculite;
- perlite;
- thee;
- humus;
- huv thiab ntxhib xuab zeb.
Qee zaum cov khoom tsis tau xav txog muaj nyob hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov substrates thoob ntiaj teb. Cov no suav nrog fern keeb kwm, txiv maj phaub thiab cork fiber, ntoo thuv cones, ua npuas dej thiab pob zeb tawg pob zeb tawg.
Nyob ntawm qhov sib piv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom suav nrog hauv kev sib xyaw, lub substrate rau orchids yog huab cua-, lub teeb- thiab noo-permeable . Nws tso cai rau cov hauv paus hniav kom tau txais cov dej noo uas lawv xav tau, thaum muab cua thiab txawm tias lub teeb rau lawv.
Thaum ywg dej, cov dej hauv txheej txheej tsis nyob qis, tab sis nws cov khoom tseem nyob ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev . Qhov no tso cai rau cov hauv paus hniav kom tsis txhob qhuav tawm, uas ua rau tsis zoo rau cov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntoo sov.
Lub teeb tawg ntawm lub hauv paus tsis ua rau lub zog tawg ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov orchids, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muab lawv tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov kub heev, tshav ntuj ncaj qha, cov neeg kho tshuab thiab lwm yam puas tsuaj. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm tus kheej tseem tiv thaiv lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm exotics los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Ib tus lej ntawm cov tseev kom muaj rau cov av sib xyaw (substrate) rau orchids suav nrog cov hauv paus xws li:
- kev phooj ywg zoo;
- dej permeability;
- factionalism;
- ua tsis taus pa;
- yooj yim.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov txheej txheem haum rau cov nroj tsuag txawv txawv yog tus qauv xoob thiab muaj peev xwm khaws cov khoom noj. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob orchids tsis muaj cov khoom me me, cov plua plav me me, uas ua rau ci thiab ua kom sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov substrate dhau sijhawm.
Thaum loj hlob orchids, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum lub sijhawm paj tawg, lawv haus ntau cov as -ham los ntawm cov hauv paus . Vim li no nws tau pom zoo kom hloov cov nroj tsuag mus rau hauv txheej txheej tshiab txhua txhua 2-3 xyoos, hloov qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog nws . Rau kev hloov pauv, nws yog qhov xav tau siv cov substrate nrog cov sib xyaw ua ke uas qhov txawv txawv tau siv rau thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob. Ua ntej transplanting cov nroj tsuag, sib tov yog pw nyob rau hauv txheej. Ua ntej, txheej txheej kua dej tau tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub, tom qab ntawd cov substrate tau nchuav mus rau ib nrab ntawm lub ntim, tom qab ntawd cov kua dej tau rov tso dua thiab sau nrog lwm txheej ntawm cov substrate tau ua tiav.
Cov lus piav qhia
Thaum npaj los xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov tsiaj txawv, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua feem. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua tib zoo saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog daim ntawv qhia thiab feem ntawm cov khoom xyaw, tab sis tseem ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov zoo thiab cov khoom ntawm txhua qhov khoom siv.
Cov ntoo tawv ntoo (feem ntau yog ntoo thuv) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb uas pom muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua hom substrates . Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cov neeg cog paj siv ntoo qhib lossis tsob ntoo ntoo. Cov tawv ntoo tawg ua ntu zus muab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov hauv paus ntoo, tswj kev nkag mus rau oxygen thiab tswj cov qib dej noo zoo. Rau kev npaj tus kheej ntawm lub substrate, koj yuav tsum siv cov tawv ntoo tshem tawm ntawm qhov qub, ntog (tab sis tsis nyob thiab tseem loj hlob) ntoo lossis cov ntoo.
Ua ntej npaj qhov sib tov, cov tawv ntoo yuav tsum tau kho kom sov kom zoo.
Sphagnum moss yog lwm qhov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ya raws zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev noj zaub mov hauv paus. Ua hygroscopic, ntxhuab nqus cov ntsev tsis zoo hauv cov dej nyuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom xyaw no muab sib xyaw ua kom pom kev, airiness thiab friability, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov hauv paus hauv paus system ntawm kab txawv nroj tsuag.
Peat yog cov organic muaj feem ntau pom hauv kev sib xyaw rau kev yug menyuam thiab cog cov kab txawv. Nws feem ntau yog siv los muab cov substrate xoob, nrog rau muab cov khoom noj ntxiv rau orchids.
Vermiculite thiab perlite yog cov tshuaj siv hauv kev sib tov los txhim kho cua. Ob lub Cheebtsam tau siv los ua kua, muab huab cua nkag mus rau hauv paus system cog. Ib qho ntxiv, kev siv cov neeg sawv cev no txhim kho cov dej tuav cov khoom ntawm cov substrate, uas tso cai rau ncua sijhawm ntev ntawm cov dej.
Charcoal yog cov khoom tseem ceeb nrog cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab ntxhiab. Vim tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov substrate, cov dej noo ntau dhau tsis nyob hauv lub lauj kaub, thiab cov kab mob phem thiab cov fungi tsis ua mob rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Dhau li, Muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob, cov paj cog pom zoo siv nws ua cov hmoov zoo rau kev ua cov hlais ntawm cov orchids.
Humus yog cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj ntawm ntau cov av sib xyaw, uas qee zaum tuaj yeem pom hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov substrate rau orchids. Cov khoom xyaw organic no muab exotics nrog cov khoom noj ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm paj.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pom zoo kom ua phem ntau npaum li humus hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, vim tias nyob hauv lub xeev ntub nws tuaj yeem txo qis qhov sib tov los ntawm kev ua kom nws ntom.
Ntxuav cov xuab zeb ntxhib yog qhov feem ntau siv hauv cov av sib xyaw. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom xyaw no rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau cov av noo noo permeable thiab lub teeb. Ua tsaug rau cov xuab zeb, cov dej hauv lub lauj kaub tsis stagnate, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hauv paus rot thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob fungal.
Txiv maj phaub chips yog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov organic siv hauv av sib xyaw rau cov nroj tsuag txawv. Nrog lawv cov qauv spongy, cov chips khaws cov dej noo, tawm hauv qhov sib tov ua pa. Florists siv cov khoom no txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib txhuam ntawm cov substrate. Cov khoom siv tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig no tseem paub txog nws qhov ua tau ntev - nws tuaj yeem siv tau 5-8 xyoos.
Txiv maj phaub chips tsis puas los ntawm ya raws, tswj lub teeb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov av sib xyaw, muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau tsob ntoo.
Txiv maj phaub thiab cork fiber yog cov khoom siv organic uas txhim kho cov khoom cua ntawm cov av sib xyaw. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom xyaw no, cov substrate tsis ua ncuav, tsis nkag rau hauv cov pob, tswj nws cov airiness thiab lub teeb.
Fern cov hauv paus hniav yog cov khoom ntuj tsim nyob hauv ntau cov av sib xyaw nrog cov qauv fibrous. Txhim kho huab cua permeability ntawm substrate, muab kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog thiab khoom noj khoom haus rau hauv paus system. Cov kws paub txog cog qoob loo siv cov khoom no nrog kev ceev faj, txij li nws cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv ua rau cov hauv paus tsis tas yuav muaj dej noo ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau dej poob thiab, vim li ntawd, hauv paus rot.
Pine cones yog lwm yam khoom muaj nyob hauv cov av sib txawv. Txhawm rau npaj cov qhob hauv tsev, cov khoom me me ntawm cones uas tau dhau los ua kev kho cua sov tau siv.
Cov dej ntws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov av sib xyaw ntawm cov paj ntoo, muab huab cua nkag mus rau hauv paus thiab tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej. Raws li cov dej ntws, cov paj cog feem ntau siv nthuav av nplaum ib feem, me me ua npuas dej, ntxiv rau cov pob zeb tawg thiab pob zeb. Cov txheej dej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau yooj yim ntawm cov kua ntau dhau los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.
Hom nrov
Hauv cov khw muag khoom niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam txheej txheej ntawm ntau hom. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm ib tus neeg tsim khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab xav tau los ntawm cov neeg cog paj vim yog kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom zoo.
ZeoFlora
"ZeoFlora" yog lub cim lag luam uas paub zoo, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntau hom sib xyaw av, substrates thiab av tsis zoo raug tsim tawm. Raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw av rau cov orchids, cov chaw tsim khoom no siv zeolite-muaj cov zaub mov, uas nquag nqus thiab khaws cov dej noo thiab cov as-ham hauv lawv cov qauv. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom no, ua ntu nruab nrab ntawm kev ywg dej thiab hnav khaub ncaws tau nce ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm hom no tuaj yeem siv ob leeg nyob ib leeg thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom.
Thiab tseem nws tau siv los ua cov khoom siv mulching uas tswj cov qib dej noo hauv lub lauj kaub.
"Orchiata": kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam
Orchiata yog lub cim lag luam uas tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo hauv ntuj. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no tshwj xeeb ua tiav New Zealand ntoo thuv tawv ntoo. Raws li cov lus pov thawj ntawm cov neeg cog paj, loj (6-9 hli) qhov ntxeem tau feem ntawm cov ntoo thuv tawv tuav cov dej thiab cov as-ham zoo, thiab lawv cov ntxhib nto tso cai rau cov hauv paus yooj yim txuas thiab nyob hauv cov substrate. Raws li cov paj cog, cov txheej txheem ntawm hom no yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov menyuam yaus orchids nrog kev txhim kho hauv paus tsis zoo.
Sib Sana
Compo Sana yog hom German uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv noo noo tiv taus rau cov orchids. Cov khoom no muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo uas muab kev nkag mus tau yooj yim ntawm cov pa mus rau cov hauv paus ntawm cov ntoo txawv. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov substrate yog cov ntoo thuv ntoo feem thiab peat.
EffectBio
EffectBio yog lub npe lag luam uas tsim tawm ntau yam ntawm cov substrates thiab cov av txias rau cov orchids. Lub tuam txhab muab ntau hom av sib xyaw rau exotics nrog cov feem ntawm qhov loj, nruab nrab thiab me me. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov substrates tau sawv cev los ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab ib puag ncig ntuj, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog cov tawv ntoo ntawm Angara ntoo thuv.
Fasco
Fasco yog lub cim lag luam uas sawv cev rau ntau hom substrates thiab av sib xyaw rau cov nroj tsuag txawv. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog tsoo Angara ntoo thuv tawv, ua tiav hauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov khoom xyaw ntxiv, cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov peat zoo, cov thee, nthuav av nplaum feem.
Seramis
"Seramis" yog lub cim lag luam nrov heev, cov khoom lag luam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kws cog qoob loo. Lub npe muaj cov orchids substrates ua los ntawm cov ntxeem tau yooj yim granules ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim cov substrates tau tshaj tawm: tsob ntoo tawv ntoo, cov npe av nplaum granulate, cov organic yooj yim thiab ntxhia chiv.
Yuav ua li cas ua noj nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes?
Cov kws paub florists xav txog kev npaj cov substrate hauv tsev ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov tau txais cov hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv pabcuam, uas yuav tsum yog tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab zoo. Hauv qhov no, qee qhov khoom siv sib xyaw hauv tsev yuav tsum tau hloov kho tus kheej. Qhov no feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntoo thuv ntoo thiab cones, uas muaj cov nyiaj ntau ntawm cov cob.
Ob lub tawv ntoo thiab lub khob hliav qab yuav tsum tau kho cua sov ua ntej npaj cov sib tov, uas cov khoom sib xyaw tau rhaub rau ob peb teev. Tom qab kev zom zaub mov, cov tawv ntoo thiab lub khob hliav qab tau ua kom qhuav thiab tsoo rau hauv daim 1-2 cm loj.
Sphagnum, uas yog cov khoom siv hauv paus, tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej npaj cov substrate, nws yuav tsum tau tsau hauv dej li ob peb teev.
Txhawm rau ua cov av sib xyaw rau cov orchids ua pa, sphagnum, xuab zeb ntxhib, cov hauv paus ntoo qhuav, cov txiv maj phaub fiber, cov khoom cork tau ntxiv rau qhov feem ntawm cov ntoo thuv. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom noj ntxiv rau cov hauv paus ntoo, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv peat thiab deciduous humus rau qhov sib xyaw.
Ntxuav cov pob zeb tawg, cov av me me ntawm nthuav av nplaum lossis polystyrene tau siv los ua kua.
Txhawm rau ua cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau sib xyaw cov tawv ntoo, sphagnum, peat lossis fern keeb kwm thiab hluav ncaig. Daim ntawv qhia ua ke nrov tshaj plaws siv cov khoom xyaw xws li:
- 5 qhov ntawm cov tawv ntoo;
- 3 ntu sphagnum moss;
- 1 feem hluav ncaig.
Yog tias koj muaj cov hauv paus cag lossis peat ntawm tes, qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog 1 feem ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv lossis 1 feem ntawm txhua qhov.
Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv qhia yooj yim uas yuav tso cai rau koj los npaj cov substrate zoo rau orchids cog hauv tsev cog khoom. Nws muab rau kev npaj ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntoo thuv tawv ntoo thiab cov nplaim hluav ncaig, coj hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 5: 1, feem.
Qee cov neeg cog qoob loo siv cov ntawv qhia hauv qab no thaum lub orchid tsis muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig:
- deciduous av - 3 ntu;
- crushed ntoo thuv bark - 1 feem;
- txho hluav ncaig - 1 feem.
Txhua qhov sib xyaw yog sib xyaw thiab 1 feem ntawm peat ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov av txiav thiab peat hauv qhov no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv cov nroj tsuag xav tau cov as -ham, thiab cov tawv ntoo feem yuav tuaj yeem muab qhov tsim nyog xoob ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Coal hauv daim ntawv qhia no ua raws li sorbent thiab tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev kho av
Ua ntej cog ib lub orchid hauv kev npaj tshiab lossis nyuam qhuav yuav cov substrate, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj me ntsis thiab lub sijhawm rau nws ua. Feem ntau, av rau orchids (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg keeb kwm) dhau los ua qhov kis ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Muaj qee kis thaum cov av tsis zoo sib xyaw yog qhov ua rau tsob ntoo muaj kab mob txaus ntshai.
Rau kev ua, kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate (potassium permanganate) yog siv. Lub substrate tau nchuav nrog cov tshuaj no, tom qab uas nws tau qhuav. Lub substrate yog moistened ua ntej cog.
Qee tus neeg cog qoob loo siv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate los tiv thaiv kev kho av. Kev ywg dej nrog cov tshuaj no yog ua ib hlis ib zaug. Cov kws cog qoob cog qoob sib cav hais tias cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj tua kab mob hauv qab thiab rhuav tshem cov peev txheej ntawm kev hem thawj hauv nws (kab mob, kab mob, kab mob cab cab). Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom cov dej li no, thiaj li tsis qhuav cov av sib tov thiab tsis ua mob rau tsob ntoo.
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Yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb raug rau hauv av rau anthurium. Cov av ntawm cov av uas xav tau rau nws hloov pauv yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas thiab los ntawm cov khoom xyaw twg koj tuaj yeem npaj cov substrate rau anthuriums hauv tsev?
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Potassium humate - nws yog dab tsi? Xav txog cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov khoom ua kua. Cov chiv muaj pes tsawg? Yuav tsum khaws cia kom raug? Cov qoob loo twg tuaj yeem ua chiv nrog potassium humate? Cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov tawm mus dab tsi?
