2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Thaum npaj cov pas dej hauv ib lub tsev ntiav, nws lub hauv paus zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau qhov kev xaiv txheej, ntawm cov nplais yog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws.
Cov pas dej yuav tsum tau ua
Qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov vuas loj ntawm kev muag khoom tso cai rau koj los ua lub pas dej npog cov xim thiab ci. Txawm li cas los xij, cov vuas zoo tib yam, uas tau siv hauv tsev, tsis tuaj yeem siv los npog rau ntawm txoj kev pas dej. Cov vuas tsim los rau sab nraum zoov pas dej ua ke yuav tsum ua tau raws qee qhov xav tau.
- Muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntuj (kub heev, te, tshav ntuj ci).
- Yuav kom paub qhov txawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev, ntseeg tau thiab muaj zog , txij li qhov ntim dej ntau yuav ua rau lub zog muaj zog ntawm cov nplais. Nws kuj yuav tsum muaj qhov cuam tshuam ua haujlwm siab.
- Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev nqus dej kuj tseem ceeb . Txij li cov nplais ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv dej, cov dej nqus dej coefficient yuav tsum qis heev (tsis ntau dua 6%). Txwv tsis pub, nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau dej ntau hauv lub sijhawm luv, uas yuav ua rau nws puas sab hauv, hloov pauv, tawg thiab tawg.
- Ua kom tiv taus tshuaj . Kev tua kab mob thiab tu lub pas dej tau siv xab npum thiab tshuaj, feem ntau muaj tshuaj chlorine. Cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam nrog cov nplais saum npoo av, uas ua rau poob qis ntawm qhov zoo nkauj qub.
- Cov pobzeb yuav tsum ua tau raws li kev nyab xeeb xav tau: tsis txhob plam, nrog rau cov npoo thiab cov nplais.
- Nws saum npoo yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxeem tau , txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog nqus dej, tab sis kuj dhau los ua cov kab mob me me, cov kab mob thiab cov pwm, uas yuav ua rau tsim cov hnoos qeev thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo raug mob ntawm qhov chaw nplua.
Kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub pas dej kuj tseem ceeb.
Hom vuas thiab lawv tus yam ntxwv
Ntau hom vuas siv los npog lub tais pas dej.
Iav
Cov vuas iav muab kev sib khi ua tiav, txij li cov dej nqus dej coefficient ntawm iav yog siv tau sib npaug rau 0. Nws qhov tseem ceeb zoo yog siab khov thiab tiv taus cua sov. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm -30 - +145 degrees thiab yooj yim zam txog 100 qhov hloov pauv ntawm khov thiab ua kom sov.
Raug rau feem ntau cov kua qaub hauv kev ntxuav cov tshuaj tsis ua mob rau iav txheej, thiab cov vuas tsis hloov lawv cov xim qub lossis poob lawv qhov qub ntxim nyiam.
Cov vuas iav feem ntau yog cov duab plaub thiab sib txawv me me . Cov vuas me me yog qhov yooj yim dua rau siv rau ntsib cov cheeb tsam tsis sib xws, sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw thiab khoov. Yog tias ib qho txheej txheej puas, nws tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog ib qho tshiab.
Cov nplais iav hauv pem teb, tiv cov dej siab, tsis txhob sib tsoo lossis tsis zoo, vim lawv muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev . Cov nplais uas tiv taus te no kuj yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws qhov kev tiv taus siab, tau los ntawm kev tua ntxiv thaum tsim khoom.
Cov nplais muaj cov xim zoo nkauj heev, thiab nws cov xim palette muaj ntau yam sib txawv vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li boron thiab selenium, cadmium thiab niam-ntawm-pearl.
Tej hub
Cov nplais yog nrov heev thiab feem ntau siv los npog lub tais ntawm lub pas dej. Nws qhov zoo tau txhim kho tas li los ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj ntxiv tshiab uas ua rau cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam (lub zog, tawv tawv). Rau nws kev tsim khoom, cov thev naus laus zis tau siv uas txo qhov porosity ntawm kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom thaum nce nws qhov ntom.
Cov vuas luaj ceramic muaj:
- kev ntseeg tau, kev pab lub neej ntev, kev ua tau zoo;
- cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv dej zoo;
- lub zog zoo thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws;
- tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab kev nyiam huv.
Cov pobzeb no tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas nyuaj.
Porcelain yog lwm hom pobzeb . Hauv nws cov khoom, cov khoom siv xws li av nplaum dawb thiab feldspar, kaolin thiab quartz tau siv. Ntxiv cov oxides ntawm ntau yam hlau ua rau nws muaj xim tshwj xeeb. Nws qhov kev tua hluav taws tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm +1300 degrees. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw yaj, sib xyaw ua ke, uas muab cov khoom siv zog tshaj plaws.
Roj hmab
Cov nplais roj hmab los tiv thaiv plam yog tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov khoom siv raw zoo. Muaj siab elasticity thiab ceev, nws tsis crumble los yog keej, tiv hnyav loads thiab yog resistant rau cov neeg kho tshuab pa.
Muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- tiv taus ya raws, vim nws tsis nqus dej txhua;
- siab tiv thaiv plam cov nyhuv - muaj qhov ua tau tsis muaj peev xwm ntog, swb;
- tiv taus tshav ntuj - xim tsis ploj tag nrho hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet;
- te tiv taus - cov nplais tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub qis, tawg tsis tsim rau nws thaum hloov pauv kub;
- zoo cushioning effect ua kom tiav kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev raug mob - txawm tias muaj xwm txheej poob, tsis muaj feem yuav raug mob hnyav;
- lub neej ua haujlwm ntev
Txhua hom vuas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv thiab muaj xim sib txawv - monochromatic (dawb, liab, dub thiab lwm yam xim), ntxiv rau nrog tus qauv.
Sab saum toj manufacturers
Kev ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiav yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom vuas; koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws thiab Lavxias. Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam pobzeb hauv tsev yog lub tuam txhab Kerama Marazzi uas tau nyob hauv kev ua lag luam rau ntau dua 30 xyoo. Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo, siv thev naus laus zis Italian. Cov vuas tsim ua raws tsis tsuas yog Lavxias, tab sis kuj nrog cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab German hauv qab no yog qhov xav tau tas li:
Interbau Blink tsim tawm txog 40 hom vuas luaj ceramic nrog cov xim tsis yog qauv;
Agrob Buchtal: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? , uas tsim tawm txog 70 txheej ntawm cov vuas zoo nkauj ua tiav, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv kev tsim thiab txhim kho cov kab mob.
Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam Turkish yog sawv cev los ntawm Serapool, uas tsim cov plooj (porcelain) vuas nrog daim ntawv pov thawj zoo thoob ntiaj teb.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws no tsis muaj neeg nyiam tsawg:
- Pem Teb Gres, Sib, Skalini - Ltalis,
- Ntuj Mosaic, Primacolore - Tuam Tshoj;
- Latina Ceramica, Ceracasa - Spain.
Kev xaiv cov kua nplaum rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj
Tsis yog txhua qhov kev tsim cov nplaum sib xyaw yog tsim nyog rau ntsib lub pas dej. Cov nplaum rau cov vuas thiab lwm yam vuas luaj yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo.
- Siab adhesion zog (adhesion) yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho cov vuas kom ruaj ntseg thiab lav qhov ua tiav. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov khoom no tsis hloov pauv rau qhov tsis zoo tom qab ziab zaum kawg. Cov qib ntawm cov nplaum rau cov nplais nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 1 MPa, rau mosaics cov duab no yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 2.5 MPa.
- Elasticity nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam sab hauv los ntawm cov dej tsis tu ncua. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab ziab, cov dej tsis zoo yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom xws li yas yas thiab muaj zog dua. Cov khoom no tseem tiv thaiv kev tawg.
- Cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tsis muaj dej , vim nws tau cuam tshuam tas li los ntawm dej.
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm inert zoo . Cov ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog ntsev thiab ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj tshuaj muaj nyob hauv dej thiab tshuaj ntxuav.
- Cov nplaum uas tiv taus cov dej yuav tsum muaj qhov ua tau zoo tiv taus te thiab siab dua-xoom kub . Qhov ntsuas kub poob yuav tsum tsis cuam tshuam rau thiab ua rau nws cov khoom tsis zoo.
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb , tiv thaiv kev tsim thiab txhim kho pwm.
- Ib puag ncig phooj ywg - qhov yuav tsum tau ua zoo. Cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cov tshuaj phem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv rau hauv dej.
Cov nplais pobzeb nplaum tau tsim hauv 2 hom: hmoov thiab tov. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov hmoov sib tov yog cov cement, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tau npaj los ntawm acrylic, latex, polyurethane thiab epoxy resin.
Txhawm rau xaiv cov nplaum zoo, kev nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau 2-tivthaiv yas raws cov nplaum: lawv muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov nplaum. Cov npe hauv qab no ntawm cov kua nplaum raug pom zoo:
- Unis "Pas dej";
- Ivsil Aqua;
- "Lub pas dej yeej".
Kev siv tshuab ua tiav
Nws yog qhov ua tau los nqa lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tank nrog koj txhais tes, yog tias koj ua raws qee yam kev cai. Tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho, ua ntej tshem tag nrho cov khib nyiab thiab cov cement txuas, ntxuav txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub pas dej los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Tom qab lub tais tau qhuav zoo, thov nrog cov menyuam pleev xim 2 txheej ntawm primer.
Tom qab ziab, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau qib los ntawm kev thov npaj txhij ua yas sib xyaw . Koj tuaj yeem ua noj koj tus kheej siv cov xuab zeb, xis mas, tshwj xeeb latex ntxiv (Idrokol X20-m) thiab dej.
Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ncaj qha mus rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub pas dej.
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis zoo ib yam li ua haujlwm nrog cov vuas hauv tsev
- Cov cladding yuav tsum xub siv rau phab ntsa ntawm lub tais , nteg tawm txheej hauv kab hauv kab rov tav. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov cim rau saum npoo nrog beacons lossis kab kab: qhov no yuav pab tso cov vuas tawm ncaj qha thiab raug.
- Cov nplaum tau siv rau cov vuas thiab phab ntsa nrog lub thav duab thav duab , qhov loj me uas yuav tsum phim qhov dav ntawm cov nplais. Tom qab ntawd nws tau thov rau ntawm phab ntsa, qib nws nrog cov roj hmab mallet.
- Tso cov khoom tom ntej . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qee qhov nrug ntawm cov vuas: rau qhov no, hla tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nqaws, uas yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov xaiv qhov loj me ntawm cov pobzeb.
- Lawv tswj kev sib npaug ntawm kev tso ntawm txhua yam . Cov nplaum ntau dhau nyob ib ncig ntawm cov vuas yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tam sim: tom qab ib ntus nws yuav nyuaj heev los ua qhov no.
- Txhua txoj kab hlua tseem yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom zoo ib yam . siv qib tsev.
Styling vaj huam sib luag vuas pib los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm daim duab, maj mam nqis mus rau ntawm ntug. Thaum npog hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej, siv lwm txoj hauv kev . Cov vuas tau muab tso rau hauv daim duab peb sab. Yav dhau los, hauv qab ntawm lub tais tau muab faib ua 4 daim duab peb sab, kos kab pheeb ces kaum.
Ua ntej, thawj kab tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub pas dej, tom ntej no tau muab tso rau qhov sib npaug rau thawj zaug, thiab nws yuav yog phau ntawv qhia rau kab ntawv tom ntej. Cov npoo ntawm daim duab peb sab yuav tsum tau nteg tawm nrog cov vuas txiav.
Qhov kawg ntawm qhov qhwv, hauv ib hnub, lawv pib txhuam cov pob qij txha. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kaw qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pobzeb thiab tsim kom muaj kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Rau grouting, tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg rau chav ntub tau siv - fugu. Nws tuaj yeem yog xim dawb lossis pleev xim rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo xav tau: hauv lub suab lossis sib piv nrog cov vuas.
Grouting nws tus kheej yog txheej txheem yooj yim . Qhov khoob ntawm cov vuas tau ntim nrog cov sib tov sib xyaw.
Tom qab ib ntus, cov nqaws tau sib npaug nrog daim txhuam cev ntub thiab xuab zeb.
Tswv yim pab
Cov lus qhia hauv qab no los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas paub txog yuav pab koj ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm koj lub pas dej tiav
- Rau lub ntsej muag lub tais tais tsis txhob siv cov vuas luaj loj - lawv tuaj yeem ua rau deform nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov dej muaj zog. Nws qhov ntev yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 12.5x24.5cm.
- Pas dej ua ke ntawm daim duab plaub tuaj yeem tso tawm nrog cov vuas nrog qhov ntev ntawm 15x15cm. Rau cov pas dej nrog cov qauv tsis zoo, cov vuas nrog qhov ntev me me yuav tsum tau: nrog qhov dav thiab ntev ntawm 2-10 cm.
- Rau cladding pas dej sab nraum zoov mosaic vuas tsis tuaj yeem siv, vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv qhov kub hloov pauv loj, lawv cov chips tawm thiab koj yuav tsum tau kho cov mosaic ntau zaus.
- Thaum tiling lub tais nrog mosaics nrog cov ntsiab lus me me nws tau pom zoo ua ntej muab lawv tso rau hauv daim ntawv: qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua los nqa cov khoom xaiv mus rau qhov chaw xav tau. Txhawm rau tshem daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum ntub.
- Txhawm rau npog ntau yam txheej txheem ntawm cov dej (phab ntsa, hauv qab, ntaiv) tsuas yog cov vuas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv. Cov nplais twg muaj cov cim uas qhia txog qib nqus dej, qib tiv thaiv plam thiab cov ntsiab lus nws tau npaj rau ntsib.
- Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua cov kua nplaum ntau ib zaug , txij li tom qab 3 teev nws qhuav thiab siv tsis tau.
- Qhuav sib tov yuav tsum tau npaj nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia, yam tsis ua txhaum ib qho ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib piv, txwv tsis pub cov kua nplaum yuav tsis muaj qhov xav tau zoo.
- Ntxiv rau kua iav kua nplaum nce nws cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj no, uas yog raws li sodium thiab potassium silicates, muaj lub zog nkag tau zoo heev. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem siv los ntim txhua hom substrate.
Pom zoo:
Fais Dej-txias Cov Nplais Txiav: Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Nplais Hluav Taws Xob Txiav Rau Cov Pob Zeb Pob Zeb, Ntsuas Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws, Ntaus Ntawv Ntawm Phau Ntawv Txiav Nplais Txiav Nrog Dej
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Yuav ua li cas thiab nrog dab tsi los khi lub pas dej? Qhov xaiv ntawm cov kua nplaum tsis muaj dej. Yuav ua li cas kaw lub qhov hauv PVC pas dej ua ke nrog dej? Yuav tsum ntsuas kev tiv thaiv dab tsi? Cov cai rau ua haujlwm nrog kua nplaum
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Lub mosaic da dej tais yog thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem sab hauv. Yuav ua li cas mosaic yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej? Yuav xaiv cov txheej zoo li cas thiab npaj qhov saum npoo? Koj yuav tsum siv hom kev pom dab tsi thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov nplais pob zeb?
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Yuav ua li cas cov vuas nteg ntawm OSB slabs. Cov lus pom zoo rau kev teeb tsa cov nplais thiab PVC ua tiav hauv chav dej, hauv pem teb, qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. OSB tuaj yeem siv ua lub hauv paus rau cov plooj (porcelain) pob zeb